Corythalia longiducta, Bayer & Höfer & Metzner, 2020

Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4806 (1), pp. 1-144 : 78-79

Corythalia longiducta sp. nov.

Figs 4C , 37 A–C, 63B, 73H–I, 77G–H

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Type material. Holotype: ♀, BRAZIL: Amazonas : Manaus, Igarapé São Jose, 3°02’24”S, 59°56’24”W, about 90 m a.s.l., low campina forest, H. Höfer leg. 07 Oct. 1987, INPA.

Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: road between Borba and Mapiá, 4°52’48”S, 59°52’48”W, about 50 m a.s.l., secondary forest and natural forest patches (the latter included white sand areas) and open land patches: 1 ♀, H. Höfer, H. Metzner, A.D. Brescovit & A.B. Bonaldo leg. 22 Apr. 1996 ; SMNK-ARA 02858 .

Etymology. The specific name refers to the long copulatory ducts of the female holotype (Latin “longus” means “long”, Latin “ductus” means “duct”); compound adjective.

Diagnosis. Females distinguished from those of all other Corythalia species by the following characters in combination: connective ducts between primary (PS) and secondary spermathecae (SS) narrow (width somewhat more than 1/5 the diameter of PS), moderately long to long (slightly more than 1.7x but less than 2.0x diameter of PS); SS with mainly transversal orientation, with heads of spermathecae arising laterally or postero-laterally ( Figs 37 B–C, 77G–H); copulatory ducts (CD) long (longer than 1.8x the width of SS), final section of CD (before meeting SS) running anteriorly or latero-anteriorly ( Figs 37B , 77 G–H); SS moderately broad, slightly more than 2/3 the diameter of PS ( Figs 37B , 77 G–H).

Description. Male: unknown.

Female (measurements of holotype first, those of other female in parentheses): total length 8.8 (8.2), carapace length 3.6 (3.4), maximal carapace width 2.7, width of eye rectangle 2.2 (2.0), opisthosoma length 4.3 (4.0), opisthosoma width 3.5 (3.0), fovea length 0.42 (0.22). EYES: AME 0.69 (0.64), ALE 0.41 (0.37), PME 0.11 (0.08), PLE 0.37 (0.34), AME–AME 0.06 (0.05), AME–ALE 0.09 (0.10), PME–PME 1.91 (1.80), PME–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE 0.93 (0.89), PLE–PLE 1.70 (1.63), clypeus height at AME 0.39 (0.40), clypeus height at ALE 0.87 (0.85). Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp: no spines. Legs: femur I 1500, II 1500 (1500{1600}) , III 1500 , IV 0500 (0500{1500}) ; patella I–II 1000, III–IV 1010; tibia I 2004 (3004{3015}), II 3024 , III–IV 3133; metatarsus I–II 2024, III 3134 , IV 3144 (4134{4132}) . MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS:

palp 3.2 [1.3 (1.2), 0.5, 0.5 (0.6), 0.9], I 6.0 (5.8) [2.0 (1.9), 1.1, 1.2, 1.1 (1.0), 0.6], II 6.1 (5.8) [2.0 (1.9), 1.1, 1.3 (1.2), 1.1 (1.0), 0.6], III 7.4 (7.0) [2.4 (2.3), 1.1, 1.5 (1.4), 1.6 (1.5), 0.8 (0.7)], IV 7.6 (7.3) [2.3 (2.2), 1.1 (1.0), 1.7 (1.5), 1.7 (1.8), 0.8]. LEG FORMULA: 4321 (432&1; legs I & II with exactly the same length). COPULATORY ORGAN: epigyne with elongated and oval epigynal windows (W); septum of W narrow and anteriorly diverging ( Figs 37A , 73 H–I); strongly converging lateral margins of W reaching clearly further anteriorly than anteriormost parts of septum, the former may reaching each other medially; epigynal field broader than long; primary spermathecae (PS), visible through cuticle of W, filling proximal 1/2 of W from posterior (sometimes, however, with gap between posterior margin of PS and posterior margin of W) ( Fig. 73I ). Vulva with transversal oval PS; secondary spermathecae (SS) elongated kidney-shaped with transversal orientation and with heads of spermathecae arising laterally or postero-laterally ( Figs 36 B–C, 77G–H); copulatory ducts long and with transversal lateral, then after a curve with anterior to latero-anterior direction; connective ducts between SS and PS narrow and moderately long to long; meeting PS medially. Copulatory ducts very long (in comparison to other Corythalia species); fertilisation ducts narrow, arising centro-anteriorly on PS, bent laterally ( Figs 36 B–C, 77G–H). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown ( Fig. 63B ). Legs (sometimes light) red-brown, except for tarsi III & IV (sometimes also patellae III & IV) being lighter ( Fig. 63B ). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, chevron-like patch in central band present ( Fig. 63B ).

Intraspecific variation of female copulatory organs. Posterior margin of epigyne in female SMNK-ARA 02858 ( Fig. 73I ) slightly further reaching beyond epigastric furrow than in holotype ( Figs 37A , 73H ). Female SMNK-ARA 02858 having (at least slight) connection of both anterior margins of epigynal windows ( AMW) (to be more precise, the strongly converging final sections of the lateral margins of W, anterior to the anteriormost section of the septum, because the AMW is not continuous in this species) ( Fig. 73I ), whereas holotype showing clear gap antero-medially ( Figs 37A , 73H ). Distance over both secondary spermathecae (SS) (from lateral margin to lateral margin) in holotype longer than distance over both primary spermathecae ( PS) ( Figs 37A , 73H ), in female SMNK- ARA 02858 situation vice versa, because connective ducts running almost parallel and medially almost in contact with each other (not in a narrow V-shape like in holotype) and SS being slightly shorter than in holotype. Additional difference concerning shape of connective ducts: in holotype minimally curved sections recognisable ( Figs 37A , 73H ), in other female ducts regularly straight ( Fig. 73I ) .

Remarks. Concerning the structure of the female copulatory organ C. longiducta sp. nov. might be closely related to C. waleckii , C. foelixi Bayer , sp. nov. and C. fulgipedia . At least these are the most similar species within the C. waleckii species-group. They share not only the elongated epigynal windows and the elongated drop- to kidney-shaped secondary spermathecae, but especially the narrow and long connective ducts. Regarding the structure of the epigyne alone C. waleckii , C. fulgipedia and C. longiducta sp. nov. are nearly indistinguishable. Nevertheless, as long as the males of this species remain unknown these predictions have to be treated with caution.

Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in Central Amazonia, Brazil.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Corythalia spp., photographic images of habitus, somatic characters and male copulatory organs. Corythalia flagrans sp. nov., male holotype from Acre, Brazil. A Cheliceral bases and claws, labium and gnathocoxae, ventral view; Corythalia luctuosa. B Ventral view, female from St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana; D Left palp, prolateral view, male L-1 from St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana. Corythalia longiducta sp. nov., female SMNK-ARA 02858 from Amazonas, Brazil. C Prosoma, ventral view, with focus on sternum. Corythalia foelixi Bayer, sp. nov., female from Cayenne, French Guiana. E Spinnerets, ventral view. Corythalia fimbriata, male lectotype from Bahia, Brazil. F Left palp, dorsal view.

FIGURE 36. Corythalia chalcea, specimens from Aragua, Venezuela. A–B Male AMNH-IZC 00327893, left palp (A ventral view; B retrolateral view). C–E Female AMNH-IZC 00326918-2, epigyne (C ventral view; D vulva, dorsal view; E schematic course of internal duct system).

FIGURE 37. Corythalia longiducta sp. nov., female holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. A–C epigyne (A ventral view; B vulva, dorsal view; C schematic course of internal duct system).

FIGURE 63. Corythalia spp., photographic images of female specimens, dorsal view. Corythalia chalcea: A Female AMNH- IZC 00327847 from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia longiducta sp. nov.: B Holotype from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia blanda: C Lectotype from Trinidad. Corythalia xanthopa: D Female F-2, AMNH-IZC 00326903, from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia valida: E Paralectotype F-2 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia fragilis sp. nov.: F Paratype SMNK-ARA 02229 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia opima: G Female SMF 8434 from Santa Ana, El Salvador. Corythalia spiralis: H Female IBSP 53142 from São Paulo, Brazil.

FIGURE 73. Corythalia spp., photographic images of epigynes, ventral view. Corythalia dakryodes Bayer, sp. nov.: A Holotype and B paratype from Magdalena, Colombia. Corythalia waleckii: C Female MCZ 22679-III (paralectotype of Dynamius placatus) from Trinidad. Corythalia foelixi Bayer, sp. nov.: D Female FR-973-00200 from Cayenne, French Guiana. Corythalia fulgipedia: Females E AMNH-IZC 00327926 from Aragua, Venezuela and F FR-973-00337 from Cayenne, French Guiana. Corythalia chalcea: G FemaleAMNH-IZC 00326918 from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia longiducta sp. nov.: H Holotype and I female SMNK-ARA 02858 from Amazonas, Brazil.

FIGURE 77. Corythalia spp., photographic images of vulvae, dorsal view. Corythalia dakryodes Bayer, sp. nov.: A Holotype from Magdalena, Colombia. Corythalia waleckii: B. Female RII/9741 (now SMF) from Vargas, Venezuela. Corythalia foelixi Bayer, sp. nov.: C Female FR-973-00200 from Cayenne, French Guiana. Corythalia fulgipedia: D Female AMNH-IZC 00327926 from Aragua, Venezuela and E FR-973-00337 from Cayenne, French Guiana. Corythalia chalcea: F Female AMNH- IZC 00327896 from Aragua, Venezuela. Corythalia longiducta sp. nov.: G Holotype and H female SMNK-ARA 02858 from Amazonas, Brazil. Corythalia blanda: I Lectotype from Trinidad.