Crassignatha si Y. Lin & S. Li, 2020

Li, Ya, Lin, Yucheng & Li, Shuqiang, 2020, A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae), ZooKeys 988, pp. 63-128 : 63

Crassignatha si Y. Lin & S. Li sp. nov. Figs 30 , 31 , 38

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (NHMSU Ar 127) and paratypes 2♀ (NHMSU Ar 128-129), China: Yunnan Province, Yiliang County, Jiuxiang Town, near entrance of Baiyan Cave, in low bush (25.15100°N, 103.40100°E; 1875 m), 24.VIII.2018, Y. Lin et al. leg.; 1♂ juvenile (NHMSU-HA141) and 1♀ juvenile (NHMSU-HA141) used for sequencing, GenBank: MT992017 and MT992016, same data as for preceding.

Diagnosis.

The male of C. si sp. nov. differs from all other congeners by the presence of a helical embolus coiled slightly more than twice (Fig. 31B, C ). The female of C. si sp. nov. is similar to C. gudu and C. yamu in the vulva configuration and the course of the copulatory ducts but can be distinguished from the latter two by the longer columnar atrium formed by the union of the copulatory ducts (Fig. 31F vs. Figs 11F , 35F ).

Description.

Male (holotype). Total length 0.56. Carapace 0.20 long, 0.24 wide, 0.28 high. Clypeus 0.04 high. Sternum 0.16 long, 0.16 wide. Abdomen 0.36 long, 0.36 wide, 0.48 high. Length of legs: I 0.88 (0.24, 0.10, 0.20, 0.14, 0.20); II 0.76 (0.24, 0.08, 0.16, 0.10, 0.18); III 0.6 (0.18, 0.08, 0.12, 0.10, 0.12); IV 0.68 (0.18, 0.08, 0.14, 0.10, 0.18).

Somatic characters (Fig. 30A, B ). Coloration: prosoma and legs fuscous. Abdomen grayish green, ventrally darker than dorsally, with pale yellow speckles. Prosoma: carapace nearly round, surface weakly sculptured. ALE protruded. PER slightly recurved. Cephalic area elevated. Clypeus concave. Chelicerae fused near base, covered with long setae anteriorly. Labium triangular. Sternum heart shaped, swollen, surface pitted. Legs: femora and tibiae rough, granular. Tibia II with a clasping spur. Abdomen: globose and rugose, lacking lateral scutum and circular plate. Spinnerets pale brown.

Palp (Fig. 31A-C ): femur swollen, wider than patella. Tibia flat. Cymbium weakly sclerotized, with a few setae distally. Cymbial tooth small, inconspicuous. Tegulum narrow, slightly swollen. Laminar median apophysis sub-rounded, translucent, with a small, hooked process on prolateral margin. Embolic membrane arises from behind median apophysis. Embolus long, helical, circling clockwise into almost two full coils.

Female (one of paratypes). Total length 0.92. Carapace 0.36 long, 0.32 wide, 0.36 high. Clypeus 0.06 high. Sternum 0.24 long, 0.24 wide. Abdomen 0.56 long, 0.56 wide, 0.52 high. Length of legs: I 1.22 (0.40, 0.16, 0.28, 0.18, 0.20); II 1.02 (0.28, 0.14, 0.22, 0.18, 0.20); III 0.66 (0.16, 0.08, 0.18, 0.10, 0.14); IV 0.86 (0.24, 0.08, 0.22, 0.14, 0.18).

Somatic characters (Fig. 30C, D ). Coloration: prosoma and legs dark brown. Abdomen color and modification as in male. Prosoma: carapace nearly pear shaped, surface granular and sculptured, two strong setae medially. ALE slightly protruded. PER slightly recurved. Mouthparts as in male. Sternum scutiform, surface textured. Abdomen: globose, with small sclerotized patches dorsally and ventrally. Spinnerets weakly sclerotized.

Epigyne (Fig. 31D-F ): epigynal area lightly sclerotized. Scape slightly protruded, as wide as long. Internal structures faintly visible via translucent tegument. Paired spermathecae separated by their diameter. Fertilization ducts slender, starting at the inside medial margin of spermathecae. Copulatory ducts long and extremely tortuous, connected to posterior margin of spermathecae, extending from under spermathecae to venter, forming two open loops, curving upward to center of vulva, then fusing into a columnar atrium that reaches copulatory opening at scape terminus.

Etymology.

The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin word for “spiral” (si), referring to the shape of the embolus, and is a noun in apposition.

Distribution.

China (Yunnan) (Fig. 38 ).

Figures

Figure 11. Female of Crassignatha gudu A prosoma, dorsal B prosoma, ventral C abdomen, dorsal D abdomen, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D); 0.10 mm (E, F).

Figure 30. Crassignatha si sp. nov. A male habitus, dorsal, B male habitus, ventral C female habitus, dorsal D female habitus, ventral. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A-D).

Figure 31. Crassignatha si sp. nov. A right male palp, prolateral B right male palp, ventral C right male palp, retrolateral D epigyne, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A-F).

Figure 35. Crassignatha yamu Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 A male palp, prolateral B male palp, ventral C male palp, retrolateral D epigyne, ventral E epigyne, lateral F vulva, ventral G vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (A-G).

Figure 38. Distribution records of Crassignatha spp. in Asia. 1 C. baihua sp. nov. 2 C. bangbie sp. nov. 3 C. bicorniventris 4 C. changyan sp. nov. 5 C. danaugirangensis 6 C. dongnai sp. nov. 7 C. ertou 8 C. gucheng sp. nov. 9 C. gudu 10 C. haeneli 11 C. mengla sp. nov. 12 C. nantou sp. nov. 13 C. nasalis sp. nov. 14 C. pianma 15 C. quadriventris 16 C. quanqu 17 C. rostriformis sp. nov. 18 C. shiluensis 19 C. shunani sp. nov. 20 C. si sp. nov. 21 C. thamphra sp. nov. 22 C. xichou sp. nov. 23 C. yamu 24 C. yinzhi.