Cryptachaea parana ( Levi, 1963 )

Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), Zootaxa 4646 (2), pp. 271-292 : 276-278

Cryptachaea parana ( Levi, 1963)

Figs. 5, 6 , 11, 12 , 34

Achaearanea parana Levi, 1963: 213 , fig. 42, male holotype, from Taguararapa, Alto-Paraná, Paraguay, deposited in American Museum of Natural History, not examined.

Cryptachaea parana: Yoshida, 2008: 39 (transferred to Cryptachaea ).

Diagnosis. Female epigynum of Cryptachaea parana resembles that of Cryptachaea taeniata ( Keyserling, 1884) (see Levi, 1959: 72, figs. 39, 40), by the circular and sclerotized copulatory openings and oval spermathecae ( Fig. 5 ), but differ from this species by the fertilization ducts and spermathecae less separated from each other ( Fig. 6 ), and by the epigynal plate flat, while that of C. taeniata is with medium depression.

Description. Male described by Levi (1963: 213). Here we provide for the first time photo of the male in dorsal view ( Fig. 11 ).

Female ( IBSP 180233): Total length 4.21. Carapace: length 1.66, width 1.32. Clypeus: height 0.23. Sternum: length 0.71, width 0.71. Chelicerae: length 0.57, width 0.20. Abdomen: length: 2.55, width 2.14, height 2.17. Leg formula IV/II/III (leg I, absent). Segment length (II/III/IV): femora 1.73/1.42/2.31; patellae+tibiae 1.87/1.22/2.04; metatarsi+tarsi 2.27/1.63/2.53 total: 5.88/4.28/6.93. Palp: femora 0.44, patellae 0.17, tibiae 0.17, tarsi 0.54. AME bigger than the other eyes; other eyes are the same size. Eyes with dark borders ( Fig. 12 ). Carapace oval, brown with dark borders ( Fig. 12 ). Clypeus pale brown, laterally concave. Chelicerae yellow. Labium yellow, subquadrangular. Endites brown, subquadrangular. Ocular area yellow, slightly darker between median eyes ( Fig. 12 ). Sternum brown, with dark brown dots. Legs yellow, except distal femur and tibiae apex with dark brown spot. Abdomen dorsally grayish, with two lateral triangular and one posterior dark brown spots ( Fig. 12 ) and with median and posterior white spots ( Fig. 12 ); ventrally yellow, with dark brown and white dots. Spinnerets brown. Epigynum with epigynal plate wider than long ( Fig. 5 ), with two circular and sclerotized copulatory openings, and two oval spermathecae ( Fig. 6 ). Fertilization ducts short and copulatory ducts coiled ( Fig. 6 ).

Variation. Females (n=6): Total length 2.83–4.28. Carapace: length 1.06–1.70, width 0.78–2.14. Femur leg I 1.82–2.96.

New records. BRAZIL: Tocantins, Dianópolis, Cave Toca da Onça (11°38’33’’S; 46°42’22’’W), 4M, 4 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 04–09.XII.2007 ( IBSP 134213 ) , Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 21–29.V.2008 ( IBSP 134267 ) 5F, 04–12.III.2008 ( IBSP 134162 ) , 1M, 6F, 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134344 ) , 4F ( IBSP 134348 ) , 1F ( IBSP 134349 ) ; Cave Caverna da Coluna ( AR-E3-05 ) (11°39’5958’’S; 46°43’21’’W) , 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 04–12. III.2008 ( IBSP 134170 ) , 1M, 2F ( IBSP 134414 ) ; Cave Gruta Três Morros—1 (Gruta dos 3 Morros 1 AR-F5-01) (11°39’46’’S; 46°42’56’’W), 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134371 ) ; Cave Gruta Três Morros—3 (Gruta dos 3 Morros 3AR-F5-03) (11°39’46’’S; 46°42’57’’W), 2 F, R.Andrade et al. coll., 04–09.XII.2007 ( IBSP 134248 ) , 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 04–12.III.2008 ( IBSP 134180 ) , 1F ( IBSP 134422 ) ; Cave Gruta dos Mangangá AR-D1-01 (11°38’43’’S; 46°43’29’’W), 1M, 3 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 04–09.XII.2007 ( IBSP 134240 ) , 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 04–12.III.2008 ( IBSP 134190 ) , 1M, 1F ( IBSP 134407 ) ; Cave Caverna dos Mojadores ( AR-D1-02 ) (11°38’45’’S; 46°43’28’’W) , 4F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 04–09.XII.2007 ( IBSP 134226 ) , 1M, 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 21–29.V.2008 ( IBSP 134260 ) , 1M, 1F, 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134360 ) ; Cave Caverna da Areia (11°39’2’’S; 46°43’21’’W), 2M, 2 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 04–09.XII.2007 ( IBSP 134228 ) ; Cave Gruta do N.A. AR-E3-03 (11°39’4’’S; 46°43’21’’W), 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134450 ) , 2F, 21–29.V.2008 ( IBSP 134280 ) ; Cave Caverna da Vértebra ( AR-E3-01 ) (11°39’3’’S; 46°43’22’’W) , 1M, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 21–29.V.2008 ( IBSP 134289 ) , 1F, 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134377 ) ; Cave Caverna dos Pescadores ( AR-E3-02 ) (11°39’5’’S; 46°43’20’’W) , 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 21–29.V.2008 ( IBSP 134354 ) , 1M, 1F, 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134355 ) , 1M, 2F ( IBSP 134357 ) ; Novo Jardim, Cave Caverna da Fenda I (11°41’49’’S; 46°44’8’’W), 1F, Pellegatti-Franco et al. coll., 04–12.VIII.2008 ( IBSP 134430 ) ; Goiás, São Domingos, Parque Estadual de Terra Ronca, Cave Lapa Terra Ronca I (13°44’1572’’S; 46°21’31’’W), 1M, 2 F, P. Gnaspini et al. coll., 09.IX.1997 ( IBSP 23733 ) ; Cave Lapa do Hilário (13°43’9408’’S; 46°20’28’’W), 1 M, P.Gnaspini et al. coll., 22.IX.1997 ( IBSP 23749 ) ; Mambaí, APA Nascentes do Rio Vermelho, Cave Caverna Fundo de Quintal I (14°29’17’’S; 46°7’9’’W), 1 F, J.A.O.Motta, J.N.Araújo & G.M.V.Rosa, coll., 28.VII.2001 ( IBSP 56028 ) ; Minas Gerais, Santana do Riacho, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó (19º20’S; 43º31’W), 1 F, E. S. S. Álvares & E. O. Machado coll., 10–14.II.2001 ( MCN 34193) ; Catas Altas, Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural Serra do Caraça (20°05’S; 43°29’W), 1M, 3F, Equipe Biota coll., 24.IV–01.V.2002 ( MCN 40549) , 1M ( MCN 40550) , 2F ( MCN 40551) ; Barão de Cocais, Cave Gruta Córrego Vieira , 1 F, R. Andrade coll., 02–24.XI.2007 ( IBSP 127605 ) , 1F ( IBSP 127608 ) ; Iguatama, Cave Gruta Arcaica (20°17’12’’S; 45°47’35’’W), 1 F, E.O. Machado e J.P.P.P. Barbosa coll., 25.I.2008 ( IBSP 118678 ) ; Cave Gruta Trincheira do Vietnã (20°17’10’’S; 45°47’36’’W), 1 F, E.O. Machado e J.P.P.P. Barbosa coll., 25.I.2008 ( IBSP 118701 ) ; Itabirito, Cave Caverna VL-02 (20°17’9’’S; 43°56’46’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade coll., IV.2008 ( IBSP 128834 ) , 1M, 1F, J. Mascarenhas et al. coll., 07–09.XI.2011 ( IBSP 180906) ; Cave Caverna VL-05 (20°17’10’’S; 43°56’45’’W), 1 M, R. Andrade coll., 18–25.IV.2007 ( IBSP 115749 ) ; Cave Caverna VL-27 (20°20’7’’S; 43°56’7’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade coll., 03–20.XI.2007 ( IBSP 128823 ) ; Lagoa Santa, Parque Estadual do Sumidouro, Cave Gruta da Lapinha (19°33’43’’S; 43°57’32’’W), 1 F, E. S. S. Álvares coll., III.2000 ( IBSP 56111 ) ; Mariana, Cave Furna Dois (20°13’35’’S; 43°11’29’’W), 1 M, F. Tulio coll., 14.VII.2002 ( IBSP 39777 ) ; SAMARCO, Mina Alegria, Cave Caverna C-4 (20°11’25’’S; 43°30’34’’W), 1F, 16–17.IV.2009 ( IBSP 149759 ) ; Cave Caverna C-3 (20°11’36’’S; 43°30’41’’W), 1F, 04–05.VIII.2009 ( IBSP 149804 ) ; Cave Caverna C-2 (20°11’24342’’S; 43°30’34’’W), 1F, 16–17.IV.2009 ( IBSP 149762 ) , all colleted by R. Bessi & I. Cizauskas et al.; Fábrica Nova, Cave Caverna FN-001 (20°13’41’’S; 43°25’50’’W), 1M, 2 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 05– 09.V.2008 ( IBSP 146104 ) , 1F, 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146143 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-002 (20°13’39’’S; 43°25’53’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 16–21.I.2009 ( IBSP 146118 ) , 1F ( IBSP 146123 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-006 (20°13’8’’S; 43°25’51’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146168 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-010 (20°12’29’’S; 43°26’20’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146192 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-012 (20°12’30’’S; 43°26’20’’W), 2 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 16–21.I.2009 ( IBSP 146220 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-013 (20°12’28’’S; 43°26’19’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146224 ) , 1M ( IBSP 146233 ) ; Cave Caverna FN-015 (20°12’22’’S; 43°26’10’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade et al. coll., 05–09.V.2009 ( IBSP 146256 ) ; Matozinhos, Mocambeiros, Cave MOC-09 (19°33’9’’S; 44°1’14’’W), 1F, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180170), 1F, 28.VI–01.VII.2011 ( IBSP 180191) ; Cave MOC-12(19°32’57’’S; 44°1’6’’W), 1F, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180171) ; Cave MOC-20 (19°33’6’’S; 44°1’9’’W), 1F, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180180) ; Cave MOC-22 (19°32’57’’S; 44°1’6’’W), 1F, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180172) ; Cave MOC-24 (19°32’53’’S; 44°1’4’’W), 1F, 28.VI–01.VII.2011 ( IBSP 180195) ; Cave MOC-26 (19°33’2’’S; 44°0’59’’W), 1M, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180173), 1F, 28.VI–01.VII.2011 ( IBSP 180192) ; Cave MOC-28 (19°33’6’’S; 44°1’0’’W), 1M, 28.VI–01.VII.2011 ( IBSP 180196) ; Cave MOC-30 (19°33’2’’S; 44°1’5’’W), 1F, 28.VI–01.VII.2011 ( IBSP 180193) ; Cave MOC-38 (19°32’54’’S; 44°0’30’’W), 1F, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180182), 1F ( IBSP 180183), 1F ( IBSP 180184), 1F ( IBSP 180185) ; Cave MOC-50 (19°32’58’’S; 44°0’41’’W), 1F, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180188), 1F, 01–09.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180199), 1M ( IBSP 180200) ; Cave MOC-57 (19°33’46’’S; 44°1’19’’W), 1F, 08– 18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180174), 1M, 1F ( IBSP 180233) ; Cave MOC-64 (19°32’57’’S; 44°0’37’’W), 1F, 01–09.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180201) ; Cave MOC-66 (19°32’52’’S; 44°0’37’’W), 1F, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180189), 1M ( IBSP 180190), 1F, 01–09.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180202) ; Cave MOC-67 (19°33’12’’S; 44°0’56’’W), 1M, 28.VI–01.VII.2011 ( IBSP 180194) ; Cave MOC-68 (19°33’11’’S; 44°0’57’’W), 1F, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180175) ; Cave MOC-84 (19°32’57’’S; 44°0’48’’W), 1F, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180176) ; Cave MOC-100 (19°32’58’’S; 44°0’34’’W), 1F, 01–09.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180203) ; Cave MOC-101 (19°32’58’’S; 44°0’34’’W), 1F, 01–09.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180204) ; Cave MOC- 113/114 (19°33’15’’S; 44°1’13’’W), 1F, 08–18.II.2011 ( IBSP 180177), 1F ( IBSP 180178) ; Cave MOC-101 (19°32’58’’S; 44°0’34’’W), 1M, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180179) ; Cave MOC-N4 1F, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180181), 1F, 01–08.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180197) ; Cave MOC-N6 (19°32’56’’S; 44°1’5’’W), 1F, 01–08.VIII.2011 ( IBSP 180198) ; Cave MOC-N9 (19°33’20’’S; 44°0’59’’W), 1M, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180186) ; Cave MCL-01 (19°36’47’’S; 44°1’9’’W), 1F, 04–15.IV.2011 ( IBSP 180187), all colleted by F. P. Franco & C. A. R. Souza et al .; Moeda, Cave Caverna VL-12 (20°17’47868’’S; 43°56’48’’W), 1 F, R. Andrade coll., 18–25.IV.2007 ( IBSP 115738 ) ; Nova Lima, Cave Caverna SM-016 (20°8’44862’’S; 43°57’59’’W), 1M, F, Bessi et al. coll., 06–07.VIII.2009 ( IBSP 149784 ) ; Pains, Cave Gruta do Isaías (20°22’5’’S; 45°39’28’’W), 1 M, P. Gnaspini coll., 06.IX.2001 ( IBSP 71843 ) ; Cave Gruta do Marco 1 F, M.E. Bichuette coll., 01.XI.2005 ( IBSP 71888 ) ; Cave Gruta do Topo 1 F, M.E. Bichuette coll., 01.XI.2005 ( IBSP 71900 ) ; Cave Gruta Interrompida 1 F, M.E. Bichuette coll., 01.XI.2005 ( IBSP 71906 ) ; Sete Lagoas, Cave Caverna BRN_001 (19°29’30’’S; 44°16’19’’W), 1M, Equipe Carste coll., 25–28.III.2013 ( IBSP 182761 ) ; Mato Grosso do Sul, Dois Irmãos do Buriti, Piraputanga (20°27’S; 55°30’W), 1 M, A.D. Brescovit et al. coll., 31.VI–06.VII.1999 ( MCN 42653) , 1F( MCN 42654) ; Bodoquena, Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena, Cave Gruta Córrego Azul III ( Gruta 3) (20°45’43’’S; 56°45’5’’W), 1M, Livia M. Cordeiro coll., 23.IV.2007 ( IBSP 126651 ) , 1F, 27.X.2006 ( IBSP 126654 ) ; Assentamento Campina, Cave Gruta Senhor Natal (20°44’13’’S; 56°47’23’’W), 1F, no data, 20.IV.2007 ( IBSP 126656 ) ; Bonito, Cave Gruta Tamanduá , 1 F, E. Costa Jr et al. coll., 21.X.2002 ( IBSP 56101 ) ; Fazenda Pitangueiras, Cave Gruta Pitangueiras (20°52’13’’S; 56°35’9’’W), 1 F, R. Bessi & Jr. Costa coll., 02.III.2003 ( IBSP 66560 ) ; São Paulo, Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , (22°31’S; 52°18’W),1M, Equipe Biota coll., 28.III.2003 ( MCN 39037) ; Mauá, Cave Gruta de Santa Luzia (23°40’17’’S; 46°23’49’’W), 1 M, A. Macedo coll., 2004 ( IBSP 62691 ) ; Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (25°36’S; 54°25’W),1M, 1F, Equipe Biota coll., 03–12.II.2002 ( MCN 40241) .

Distribution. Paraguay (Alto Paraná) and Brazil (Tocantins, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo and Paraná) ( Fig. 34 ).

Figures

FIGURE 34. Distribution of Cryptachaea species: Circle, Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963); Star, Cryptachaea rioensis (Levi, 1963).

FIGURES 5–8. Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963): 5–6, Female: 5, Epigynum, ventral. 6, Dorsal clarified. Cryptachaea schneirlai (Levi, 1959): 7–8, Female: 7, Epigynum, ventral. 8, Dorsal clarified. Scale bars 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 9–14. Body, dorsal view. Cryptachaea pilar new species: 9, Male. 10 Female. Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963): 11, Male. 12, Female. Cryptachaea schneirlai (Levi, 1959): 13, Male. 14, Female. Scale bars 0,25 mm.