Cryptolarynx armatus Haran, 2023

Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1), pp. 1-89 : 43-45

13. Cryptolarynx armatus Haran sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0694E5BE-EBA9-4DDE-8647-ECBE6A5A47F7

Figs 1M , 2M , 3M , 4M , 5M , 6O–P , 8I

Differential diagnosis

Cryptolarynx armatus sp. nov. is most similar to C. falciformis sp. nov. and C. oberprieleri sp. nov., in possessing apically thickened protibiae in the male. In addition to their distinct copulatory sclerites of the endophallus, these species can also be distinguished by the setae on the ventrites (simple in C. armatus , bifid at least apically in C. falciformis and C. oberprieleri ). Genetically, C. armatus is closest to C. spinicornis sp. nov., the distance between their EF1 sequences found to be 1.6%.

Etymology

The species name armatus refers to the apical cuticular expansion of the protibiae of the males, forming together with the mucro two strong teeth. The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form.

Material examined

Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “ REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape Province, Nieuwoudtville. 20.viii.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 31.384° S 19.140° E at base of Oxalis obtusa . JHAR02519_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Cryptolarynx armatus . Haran 2023”; SAMC.

Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Northern Cape • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; SAMC • 1 ♂, 15 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP.

Description (♂)

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 1.5–3.5 mm.

COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, scapes, tibiae and tarsi reddish in fully sclerotised specimens. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided clothing scales, 2–2.5 × as long as wide, truncate at apex; colour of scales varying from pale brown to dark brown; pale scales concentrated in two longitudinal bands laterally on pronotum as well as broadly on elytral interstriae 4, creating a broad, dark medial stripe on pronotum and basal ⅔ of elytra; pale scales forming a pair of spots surrounded by black scales on interstriae 3 at apical ⅔ of elytral length; scales of striae recumbent, in lateral view not distinct from rest of vestiture.

HEAD. Forehead wide, slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, almost 2× as wide as width of an eye, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view slightly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short pale scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe as large as width of antennal club. Epifrons with distance between antennal insertions as large as length of scape, scales in middle of epifrons at most 2× as long as wide, recumbent, not contiguous. Frons with a pair of long erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennal funicles with segment 1 elongate, 2× as long as wide; 2 shorter, at most 1.5× as long as wide; 3–5 isodiametric, compressed, 4 slightly angular on inside; 6–7 wider than long.

PRONOTUM. Transverse (W:L ratio 1.3–1.4), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex slightly narrower than base.

ELYTRA. Globular, slightly wider than long (W:L ratio 1.1), sides convex, widest near midlength.

LEGS. Protibiae with outer margin straight and inner margin bisinuate, expanded proximally of apical mucro; meso- and metatibiae with small apical mucro, metatibiae with inner setal fringe, setae shorter than segment 5 of metatarsus. Tarsi with segment 2 isodiametric or wider than long.

ABDOMEN. Ventrites with creamy-white plumose scales partly concealing integument, with long, suberect, undivided setae concentrated medially; ventrite 1 slightly concave medially, ventrite 5 devoid of scales in apical ¾, there bearing only erect setae.

TERMINALIA. Body of penis moderately elongate (W:L ratio 0.4), almost 2× as short as temones, sides subparallel, converging in apical quarter; in profile almost straight, dorsoventrally narrowed close to apex. Copulatory sclerite small, comma-shaped. Parameroid lobes separate, divided by modest median notch, each lobe broad, bearing a series of setae directed apicad, the longest setae located closer to middle. Spiculum gastrale with basal arms long, regularly curved.

Sexual dimorphism

The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the elytra (wider than long in male, longer than wide, more broadly ovate in female) and by the inner expansion of the apex of the protibiae (present in male, absent in female).

Life history

Adult specimens of C. armatus were collected in August, in stands of Oxalis obtusa and O. cf. suteroides T.M. Salter.

Distribution

All specimens were collected at the type locality near Nieuwoudtville ( Fig. 13 ).

Remarks

Mitochondrial barcode sequences could not be obtained for this species, probably due to a mismatch in primer sequences.

Figures

Fig. 1 (Part I) (next page). Habitus of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (dorsal view). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 2 (Part I) (next page). Male genitalia of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966. Penis in dorsal and lateral view (left), tegmen in dorsal view (middle) and details of apex of a parameroid lobe and spiculum gastrale in dorsal view (right). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 3 (Part I) (next page). Habitus of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (lateral view). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 4 (Part I) (next page). Head of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966. A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 5 (Part I). Ventrites of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966. A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957), with details of a cuticular carina (white arrows). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 6 (preceding page). Habitus in natura, host plants and biotopes of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (part 1). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957), Tygerberg Nature Reserve (JHAR02568). B. Dark variants of C. vitis, Grootbos Private Nature Reserve (JHAR01592). C. Biotope and stands of Oxalis glabra Thunb. hosting C. vitis (JHAR01488). D. Habitus of C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov., Worcester (JHAR02356). E. Adult of C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. under a stone, in its gallery after emergence from a bulb of Oxalis obtusa Jacq., near Touwsrivier (JHAR02444). F. Biotope of C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. with stands of Oxalis obtusa, near Touwsrivier. G. Habitus of C. carinatus Haran sp. nov., Rondebosch Common (JHAR02336). H. Oxalis purpurea L., host of C. carinatus Haran sp. nov., Rondebosch Common. I. Corm of Oxalis pes-caprae L. with emergence hole of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. Habitus of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov., Stellenbosch (JHAR01185). K. Larva of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. in bulb of Oxalis purpurea, Stellenbosch (JHAR01215). L. Pupa of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. in bulb of Oxalis lanata Thunb., Stellenbosch (JHAR01247). M. Teneral adult of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. in bulb of Oxalis pes-caprae, Stellenbosch (JHAR01185). N. Oxalis pes-caprae, host of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov., Stellenbosch. O–P. Oxalis sp. host and biotope of C. armatus Haran sp. nov., near Nieuwoudtville (JHAR02519).

Fig. 8 (next page). Structural details and measurements of Cryptolaryngini Van Schalkwyk, 1966. A. Cryptolarynx spinicornis Haran sp. nov., cephalic view, arrows indicating width of forehead (top) and of epifrons (bottom). B. Head of C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov., lateral view, arrows indicating distance between eye and scrobe. C. Head of C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov., in cephalic view, arrows showing prothoracic scales near eyes (top), position of scape when antennae in repose (middle) and position of clubs near procoxae when in repose (bottom). D. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov., dorsal view, arrows indicate length and width dimensions of pronotum and elytra as measured.E. Metafemora and metatarsus of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. (left) and C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. (right), arrows indicating position of proximal inner carina in latter species (highlighted with a white line in C. variabilis Haran sp. nov.) and short apical mucro. F. Metatarsus of Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov., arrow indicating elongate segment 2 (longer than wide). G. Hindleg of C. vitis (Marshall, 1957), arrow indicating apical mucro. H. Antenna of C. spinicornis Haran sp. nov., arrows pointing at inner tooth of funicle segments 2 and 4. I. Protibia of C. armatus Haran sp. nov., arrow pointing at inner preapical expansion proximally of mucro. J. Penis of C. oberprieleri Haran sp. nov., dorsal view, black arrows indicating length of penis body and temones and white arrows indicating width of penis body as measured; bottom arrow indicating copulatory sclerite. K. Ovipositor, Crypolarynx variabilis Haran sp. nov. L. Sternite VIII, same species. M. Spermatheca, same species. N. Ovipositor, Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov. O. Sternite VIII, same species. P. Spermatheca, same species. Q. Right maxilla, same species. Not to scale.

Fig. 13. Distribution maps of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 and Hadrocryptolarynx Haran gen. nov.