Ctenitis eriocaulis (Fée) Alston (1960: 112)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

10. Ctenitis eriocaulis (Fée) Alston (1960: 112) . Figs. 09J, 17C–G, 18C. Aspidium eriocaulon Fée (1869: 136) . Nephrodium eriocaulon (Fée) Baker in Hooker & Baker (1874: 495). Dryopteris eriocaulis (Fée) Kuntze (1891: 812) . Dryopteris cirrhosa ( Schumacher 1829: 231) Kuntze (1891: 812) var. eriocaulis (Fée) Christensen (1913a: 102) . Nephrodium ramentaceum Baker (1870: 273) , nom. illeg. Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 2369 (lectotype P 00170023!, designated here, isolectotypes BR 000000698767!, BR 000000698834!, P 00170024!, P 00170025!, P 01573296!, P 01573297!, P 02141711!).

Stems erect or ascending, 2.6–3.5 cm diam., scales 7.0–19.8 × 0.2–0.5 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, linear, entire, without fimbriae; leaves 56.5–120 cm long; petioles 29–42 cm × 2.2–4.7 mm, with 4 or 6 vascular bundles at base, stramineous, scales (3.4) 7.6–12.8 × 0.4–1.2 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, not tangled on petiole base, patent or ascending, flattish, flaccid, linear with truncate base and filiform apex, entire, with or without some short fimbriae at base, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, sparse glandular trichomes; laminae 27.5–78 × 18.5–25.7 cm, width 1/3–1/2 or length or wider, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid basally, medially and apically, lanceolate or ovate, apex confluent; rachises stramineous, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, sparse glandular trichomes; pinnae 11–27 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 2.2 mm long or sessile, the apical ones sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial 10.3–13.3 × 2.2–2.54 cm, lanceolate, incised more than 3/4 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, basal segments somewhat shorter than the next at basal pinnae, but longer at medial, apex attenuate or acute; adaxial pinnae axes scales absent, catenate trichomes dense on costa, sparse on costule and veins, bacilliform trichomes sparse on costule and veins; adaxial laminar surface between veins with sparse bacilliform and sometimes also catenate trichomes; abaxial pinnae axes with dense scales on costa and costule, (1.1) 1.8–9.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, patent or ascending, mostly flattish, but valted at base, flaccid, subulate with bulate base and filiform apex, entire, without fimbriae, proscales absent, catenate trichomes sparse on costa, costule and veins, bacilliform trichomes sparse on costa, costule and veins, glandular trichomes sparse on costa and costule, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins dense bacilliform trichomes and sometimes also catenate trichomes; segments 20–26 pairs, 3.8–5.8 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, entire, repand or serrate towards apex, apex acute or apiculate, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple, 8–13 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments end at margin well above the sinus; sori inframedial, indusia conspicuous, entire, with glandular and bacilliform trichomes, rarely also with catenate trichomes; spores with coarse folds and large tubercles.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Alagoas: São José da Lage, Usina Serra Grande, Mata Maria Maior, Grota do Gereba , 380–471 m, ca. 08º59’27.3’’S, 36º07’23.9’’W, 02 June 2001, Pietrobom 5333 ( HB) ; Espírito Santo: Cachoeiro do Itapemirim , Fazenda Pedra Branca, 25 May 1949, Brade 19896 ( RB) ; Cariacica, Reserva Biológica de Duas Bocas, Represa Velha , 170 m, 20º15’31’’S, 40º29’51’’W, 11 June 2010, Salino et al. 14873 ( BHCB) ; Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Estrada da Ponte Queimada , 29 May 2001, Stehmann et al 2972 ( BHCB) ; Paraná: Fênix, Parque Estadual de Vila Rica , 3 October 2008, Pereira & Falleiros 343 ( RB) ; São Paulo: Porto Ferreira , Parque Estadual Porto Ferreira, 20 August 1999, Aurea & Sonia s.n. ( BHCB) ; PARAGUAY. Canendiyú: Mbaracayú Natural Reserve, around Jejui Mi , 100 m, 24º08’01’’S, 55º31’41’’W, 30 October 1998, Zardini & Chaparro 49363 ( UC) .

44 • Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press

VIVEROS ET AL.

Habitat and distribution:— Terrestrial. Endemic to Atlantic Forest , 0–900 m. Northeastern to southern Brazil and Paraguay ( Fig. 18C ; Tab. 01) .

Notes:— Ctenitis eriocaulis is very scaly and the most morphologically constant species among the 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 1-pinnate-pinnatisect species from South America. It can be recognized by the petiole, rachis, costa

A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF CTENITIS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 45 and costule abaxially with dense light castaneous and subulate scales, bacilliform and catenate trichomes on both laminar surface between veins and large indusia with bacilliform and glandular trichomes on them ( Figs. 17C – G ). The most similar species to C. eriocaulis is the West Indian C. vellea ( Willdenow 1810: 255) Proctor (1950: 227) , which scales on costa abaxially are perfectly bullate with a “pocket-shaped” base but the ones on petiole and rachis are lanceolate. Christensen (1913a) considered C. eriocaulis as Dryopteris cirrhosa var. eriocaulis , so secure he seemed to be that this Brazilian taxon was related to the African C. cirrhosa ( Schumacher 1829: 231) Ching (1940: 250) . Moran & Smith (2001) discussed the possible phytogeographic relationships between these two species. Meanwhile, Moran & Smith (2001) have not seen specimens of C. eriocaulis and could not comment Christensen’s observations. Hassler (1928) and Alston (1960) treated this species as different from C. cirrhosa and we agree with them. Hennequin et al. (2017) could not uphold the affinity between these two species. About the morphology of these two species, we can say that C. eriocaulis is much scalier than C. cirrhosa , its scales are light castaneous (as C. vellea ) and longer than the filiform castaneous to brown scales of C. cirrhosa , which reseambles C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia .

We designate here a lectotype for Aspidium eriocaulon , once Fée (1869) did not designate a holotype (Art. 9.2., 9.11., 9.12. of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012), neither later authors designated a lectotype and there are several syntypes spread in some herbaria (Art. 8.3., Recommendation 8A.4. of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012). The sheet chosen is in P with Fée’s original large label with his signature.

The name Nephrodium ramentaceum is illegitimate. Baker (1870) intended to describe a new species, but he cited Glaziou 2369 for it, the same type collection of A. eriocaulon (Art. 6.4 and 52.1 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012). Later Hooker & Baker (1874) corrected the name to N. eriocaulon and Christensen (1906, 1913a) considered N. ramentaceum as a synonym of this taxon.

Figures

FIGURE 17. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–B: Ctenitis equestris (Breedlove 33659, CAS). A: abaxial surface of portion of pinnules and pinna rachis (scale bar = 1 cm). B: abaxial costa scale. C–G: C. eriocaulis (Pietrobom 5007, BHCB). C: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and two basal segments of a medial pinna. D: adaxial surface of a portion of a segment. E: abaxial surface of a portion of a pinna. F: sorus with indusium. G: abaxial costa scale. Scale bars in A and C = 1cm; B, D, E, G = 1mm; F = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 18. Distribution of four taxa of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. distans var. isabellina. B: C. equestris var. equestris. C: C. eriocaulis. D: C. falciculata.