Encyclia advena (Rchb.f.)

Bastos, Cláudia A., Meneguzzo, Thiago E. C. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Epidendreae), Phytotaxa 342 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

1. Encyclia advena (Rchb.f.) Porto & Brade (1935: 28). Basionym: Epidendrum advena Reichenbach (1872: 1194) .

Type :— BRAZIL. No locality, no date, no collector (holotype: W-R 3313!) ( Figs. 5 , 24B ) .

Heterotypic synonyms:

Encyclia megalantha (Barb.Rodr.) Porto & Brade (1935: 29). Basionym: Epidendrum megalanthum Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 51) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Barbacena, January, no collector (lectoype designated by Fowlie & Duveen (1992): unpublished illustration by Barbosa Rodrigues, Iconographie des orchidées du Brésil: t. 15!.

Encyclia capartiana (Linden) Fowlie & Duveen (1992: 179) . Basionym: Epidendrum capartianum Linden (1891: 93) . Type:— BRAZIL. No locality, no date, no collector (holotype: GENT, not located; lectotype here designated: illustration in Linden (1891, t. 333, p. 92).

Epidendrum godseffianum Rolfe (1892: 136) . Type :— BRAZIL. No locality, no date, Sander & Co. s.n. (holotype: K 294031 !).

Encyclia hollandae Fowlie (1990b: 157) . Type :— BRAZIL. Sergipe: no locality, no date, no collector (holotype: UC).

Epiphytic herbs, 21.6−41.1 cm tall. Pseudobulbs conical, 5.0−6.2 × 1.3−2.5 cm. Leaves 2, oblanceolate to lanceolate, 16.6−35.0 × 1.5−1.9 cm, obtuse. Inflorescence a densely 6−12-flowered, simple raceme; peduncle 23.5−41.0 cm long; rachis 23.0−44.0 cm long. Flowers with pedicel c. 2.6 × 0.4 cm, warty; sepals green-olive, dorsal lanceolate, 2.1−2.3 × 0.9 cm, laterals lanceolate, 2.1−2.3 × 0.8−0.9 cm, erect, margin entire, apex mucronate; petals green-olive, spatulate, 2.0−2.3 × 1.2−1.5 cm, erect, margin entire, apex obtuse; lip with claw c. 0.20 × 0.25 cm, lateral lobes oblong, free from the midlobe, 1.0 × 0.5−0.7 cm, white, at an angle about 45° to midlobe (with the lip flattened), not overlapping it, margin entire, apex obtuse, midlobe reniform, 1.0−1.2 × 1.5−1.6 cm, white with thick stripes of pink, conduplicate, margin entire, apex emarginate, callus cymbiform, apex of callus acute; column clavate, 1.0−1.2 × 0.3−0.4 cm, clinandrium apex tridentate, lateral teeth triangular, apex truncate, arms of the column quadrate, 0.1−0.2 × 0.1−0.2 cm, apex obtuse; stigma elliptic, with basal hooks; anther one, yellow, c. 0.3 × 0.3 cm.

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to the Atlantic Forest, especially along the coast ( Fig. 4 ).

Phenology:— Flowering September–February.

Etymology:— from Latin advena , a stranger, foreigner.

Notes:— Specimens of Encyclia advena have been confused in the herbarium with E. spiritusanctensis , probably because they have flowers with widely spatulate petals and a lip with a reniform midlobe and emarginate apex. However, the two species differ by the oblong lateral lobes and smaller midlobe of the lip in E. advena , vs. lateral lobes pandurate with a larger midlobe of the lip in E. spiritusanctensis . Additionally, E. advena has a white lip with pink streaks, whereas E. spiritusanctensis has a pink lip more densely streaked with dark pink.

Encyclia megalantha , sometimes considered a separate species ( Withner 2000), represents another synonym of E. advena , a fact easily confirmed by the analysis of the lectotype chosen by Fowlie & Duveen (1992), reproduced in Sprunger et al. (1996). Meneguzzo et al. (2010) provided a superfluous lectotypification of this name with the same illustration.

Epidendrum godseffianum is here considered another synonym of E. advena . After analysing the type of Epidendrum godseffianum we noticed that it is identical to E. advena and not a synonym of E. osmantha as indicated by Withner (2000) and Campacci (2003). This became evident because of the lip midlobe in the type specimen of E. godseffianum ; it is typically reniform as in E. advena .

Fowlie & Duveen (1992) considered E. capartiana , E. hollandae and E. megalantha as different species from E. advena , the last itself erroneously treated as a synonym of E. osmantha , on the basis of distinct geographical distribution, differences in colour and shape of the pseudobulbs, number of flowers and petal shape. According to their treatment, Encyclia capartiana would be the correct name for plants from Pernambuco, E. hollandae from Sergipe and Alagoas and E. megalantha from Minas Gerais. Epidendrum godseffianum was also included as a synonym of E. capartiana . The picture of E. hollandae in Fowlie & Duveen (1992: 192) leaves no doubt that these authors treated E. advena as E. hollandae . The original plate for Epidendrum capartianum is unequivocally E. advena , as indicated by Campacci (2003). The type of Epidendrum capartianum could not be located in the herbaria in Ghent and Geneve, which are the only ones with some material from L. Linden (besides the material sent to Reichenbach). Since Campacci (2003) did not deal with the typification of this name, we propose here to lectotypify it with the original illustration.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Salvador, Lagoa do Abaeté, February 1992, Giacometti 882 (CEN). Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, 696 m, 21 January 1981, Kautsky s.n. (HB 75236); Fundão, APA of Goiapaba-açu, 685 m, 8 February 2007, Fontana & Brahim 2830 (RB); Santa Teresa, Santa Lúcia Biological Reserve, 650 m, 6 January 1999, Kollmann & Bausen 1488 (MBML). Minas Gerais: Jequitinhonha, Serra da Sapucaia, 763 m, November 1959, Magalhães s.n. (HB 20895). Pernambuco: Garanhuns, 3 November 1959, no collector (ESA 5516); Moreno, Tapera, 17 November 1924, Pickel 898 (SP); no locality, 20 November 1941, Guimarães 1258 (RB). Rio de Janeiro: Silva Jardim , 79 m, 10 February 1993, Lima et al. 4624 (RB); Silva Jardim , 79 m, 2 February 1995, Braga 1888 (RB).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Distribution in Brazil of Encyclia advena, E. alboxanthina, E. andrichii, E. argentinensis, E. auyantepuiensis, E. bicalhoi and E. bohnkiana.

FIGURE 5. A−G. Encyclia advena. A. Dorsal sepal. B. Lateral sepal. C. Petal. D. Lip. E. Detail lip callus. F. Column in front view. G. Column in side view (Schimidt s.n. SP 52151). H−O. Encyclia alboxanthina. H. Habit (Azevedo 159). I. Dorsal sepal. J. Lateral sepal. K. Petal. L. Lip. M. Detail lip callus. N. Column front view. O. Column side view (Bastos 89). P−Z. Encyclia andrichii. P. Dorsal sepal. Q. Lateral sepal. R. Petal. S. Lip. T. Detail of lip callus. U. Column in front view. V. Column in side view (Meneguzzo 473). W. Variation in the lip (Bastos 176). X. Variation in the lip (Bastos 289). Y. Variation in the lip (Meneguzzo 567). Z. Variation in the lip (Bastos 319). Illustration by Carla de Lima.

FIGURE 24. A. ×Catyclia ×intermedia. B. Encyclia advena. C. Encyclia alboxanthina. D. Encyclia andrichii. E. Encyclia argentinensis. F.Encyclia auyantepuiensis. G. Encyclia bohnkiana. H. Encyclia bracteata. I. Encyclia bragancae. J. Encyclia chapadensis. K. Encyclia chloroleuca. L. Encyclia conchaechila. M. Encyclia cyperifolia. (Photographers: A: A. Peres Júnior. B, D−E, G−J: C. van den Berg. C: U.C.S. Silva. F: E. Pessoa. K−L: T.E.C. Meneguzzo).