Euthria stuetzii ( Naumann, 1852 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard M., 2024, The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 5427 (1), pp. 1-110 : 82-85

Euthria stuetzii ( Naumann, 1852)

Figs 34I , 44A–E

[ Fusus ] Stützii Partsch— Hauer 1837: 418 [nomen nudum].

[ Fusus ] Stützii Partsch— Hörnes 1848: 19 [nomen nudum].

* [ Fusus ] Stützii — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 70, fig. 11.

Fusus Stützii Partsch — Eichwald 1853: 178.

Fusus virgineus Grat. —Hörnes 1853: 286, pl. 31, figs 10–12 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Fusus virgineus Gratteloup — Neugeboren 1854: 187 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

[ Fusus ] Stützii Partsch— Naumann 1854: 1066.

Fusus virgineus Grat. — Handmann 1888: 18, pl. 2, fig. 22 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Fusus virgineus Grat. —Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 254, pl. 36, figs 1–7 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ]. Fusus Hössii Partsch — Friedberg 1912: 158, pl. 9, fig. 6 [non Angustifusus hoessii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) ]. Fusus an virgineus Grat. — Friedberg 1912: 160, text-fig. 42, pl. 9, figs 9a–b.

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grat.) — Sieber 1937: 142 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Fusus an virgineus Grat. — Friedberg 1938: 139.

Fusus (Euthriofusus) aff. virgineus Grat. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 96, figs 14a–b.

Fusus (Fusus) hössii Partsch — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 96, figs 16a–b [non Angustifusus hoessi (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) ].

Fusus hössi Partsch — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 410, pl. 8, figs 15–16 [non Angustifusus hoessii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) ].

Fusus (Euthriofusus) virgineus Grateloup 1833 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 191, pl. 46, figs 6a–b [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Euthriofusus (s. s.) virgineus stutzii (Partsch) von Hauer, sp. 1837— Glibert 1963: 133.

Fusus hoessi Partsch (in Hauer et in Hörnes), (1837) 1856— Strausz 1966a: 343, pl. 26, figs 17–18 [non Angustifusus hoessii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) ].

Fusus (Fusus) rostratus cinctus Bellardi — Atanacković 1969: 208, pl. 11, fig. 8 [= non Pseudofusus cinctus ( Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840) ].

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) — Bałuk 1995: 246, pl. 35, figs 1–5 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Euthriofusus (Euthriofusus) virgineus (Grateloup) — Schultz 1998: 68, pl. 27, fig. 8 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grateloup 1833) subs. stutzii Glibert, 1963 — Snyder 1999: 6.

Fusus (Fusus) prevosti Partsch in Hoernes, 1856— Atanacković 1985: 147, pl. 33, figs 5–6 [non Ariefusus prevosti (Hörnes, 1853) ].

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) — Mikuž 2009: 20, pl. 5, figs 63–64 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) — Mikuž & Šoster 2014: 58, pl. 2, figs 3a–b [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) — Kovács 2022: 93, figs 96–97 [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ].

Euthriofusus virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) — Kovács & Vicián 2023: 254, figs 13O–Q [non Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ]. non Euthriofusus virgineus non (Grat.) sensu Hörnes— Báldi & Kókay 1970: 279, fig. 6 [=? Angustifusus hoessii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890) ].

non Euthriofusus (Euthriofusus) cf. virgineus (Grateloup 1833) — Steininger 1973: 428, pl. 7, fig. 10.

Type material. Neotype designated herein, NHMW 2023/0351/0001, SL: 76.5 mm, MD: 33.3 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 10), Figs 44A 1 –A 2 . The illustrations in Naumann (1852) were provided by Paul Maria Partsch (1791–1856) and Moritz Hörnes (1815–1868) (see Naumann 1854: 1963, footnote) and were based on material from the Natural History Museum Vienna. The manuscript of Partsch with these illustrations is still preserved and the material was later published by Hörnes (1853). Nevertheless, it is not possible to identify the specimens drawn by Partsch in the collection. Therefore, we designate the specimen illustrated by Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 10) as neotype.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1999z0077/0017, SL: 78.0 mm, MD: 27.4 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 6), Figs 44B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023/0351/0002, SL: 74.9 mm, MD: 30.1 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), Figs 44C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023/0351/0003, SL: 70.6 mm, MD: 28.4 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), Figs 44D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 1949/0005/0025, SL: 63.8 mm, MD: 24.6 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 4), Figs 44E 1 –E 2 . NHMW 1846/0037/0254, SL: 27.4 mm, MD: 11.7 mm, Enzesfeld or Gainfarn ( Austria), Fig. 34I .

Additional material. NHMW 2023 /0346/0002, SL: 73.1 mm , MD: 29.3 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 2) . NHMW 2023 /0346/0003, SL: 55.1 mm , MD: 22.3 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 11) ; NHMW 2023 /0348/0002, SL: 29.5 mm , MD: 14.0 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 12) ; NHMW 2023 /0352/0001, SL: 53.2 mm , MD: 23.6 mm, Mikulov ( Czech Republic), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 3) ; NHMW 1999 z0077/0016, SL: 64.2 mm , MD: 26.1 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 5) ; NHMW 1999 z0077/0019, SL: 75.7 mm , MD: 30.3 mm, Forchtenau ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1890: pl. 36, fig. 7); 1 spec. , NHMW 1884 /0000/1537, Guntersdorf ( Austria), 4 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0718, Grund ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1853 /0010/0025, Enzesfeld ( Austria); 13 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0037/9253, Enzesfeld ( Austria); 9 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0456, Gainfarn ( Austria); 8 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0037/0253, Gainfarn ( Austria); 7 spec. , NHMW A1431 , Enzesfeld ( Austria); 4 spec. , NHMW 1853 /0010/0025, Enzesfeld ( Austria); 6 spec. , NHMW A1432 , Steinebrunn ( Austria); 13 spec. , NHMW 1869 /0001/0357, Steinebrunn ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1862 /0001/0260, Möllersdorf ( Austria); 12 spec. , 1855/0045/0106, Mikulov ( Czech Republic); 4 spec. , NHMW 1863 /0015/0966, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czech Republic) .

Revised description. Large, slender fusiform shell of up to eight teleoconch whorls; apical angle 42–48°. Protoconch paucispiral, high conical of 1.75 whorls; diameter: 850 μm, height: 920 μm. Early teleoconch whorls with rounded axial ribs, overrun by five prominent spiral cords; narrow subsutural collar composed of two adapical spirals; secondary cords intercalated on second teleoconch whorl. Later spire whorls with narrow subsutural collar, weakly concave subsutural ramp, rounded at shoulder placed mid-whorl, bearing broad axial ribs separated by narrower interspace, most prominent along periphery, fading over subsutural ramp, overrun by numerous broad primary and secondary spiral cords, weakening on later whorls, often subobsolete on last whorl. Blunt or pointed tubercles may be developed at shoulder in some specimens. Axial ribs becoming subobsolete at variable growth stage; typically becoming weak on penultimate and last whorl; axial ribs on last whorl, if present, fold-like, weakening over base. Last whorl attaining 65–70% of total height, with relatively narrow, concave subsutural ramp delimited by rounded to weakly angled, smooth to weakly tuberculate shoulder, convex below, moderately constricted at base, fasciole weak, bearing weak spiral cords or nearly smooth.Aperture elongate, moderately narrow, pyriform, Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella broadly excavated, angled at transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal narrowly incised in thickened adapical tip of aperture. Outer lip thickened but thin edged. About 14–15 elongated denticles starting slightly behind peristome. Transition into siphonal canal abrupt, marked by distinct edge. Siphonal canal long, very narrow, distinctly deflected to the left, slightly recurved, shallowly notched.

Discussion. This species has traditionally been placed in Euthriofusus Cossmann, 1901 , but species of that genus are characterized by club-shaped shells with long siphonal canal and are quite unlike Euthria stuetzii ( Naumann, 1852) . Therefore, ‘ Euthriofusus ’ virgineus (Grateloup, 1833) and ‘ Euthriofusus ’ grateloupi Peyrot, 1928 , both from the Early Miocene of France, are also placed by us in Euthria (as proposed for Euthria grateloupi also by Lozouet 2021). General outline, sculpture of early teleoconch whorls and apertural features correspond fully with other Euthria species. A relatively long siphonal canal is also seen in Euthria brunettii nov. sp. and some Pliocene species such as Euthria adunca ( Bronn, 1831) and Euthria ceddensis Brunetti & Della Bella, 2016 (see Brunetti & Della Bella 2016: figs 3A, 5B). Among the extant species, Euthria effendyi Fraussen & Dharma, 2002 from Java and Euthria poppei Fraussen, 1999 from Mozambique have comparably long siphonal canals ( Fraussen 1999; Fraussen & Dharma 2002).

Hauer (1837), Hörnes (1848) and Naumann (1852) treated specimens from the Vienna Basin as Fusus stuetzii , which was a collection name introduced by Partsch. Later, Hörnes (1853) listed this name as synonym of ‘ Fusus virgineus’ [ Euthria virginea (Grateloup, 1833) ], without commenting this decision. Thus, the tradition to identify Paratethyan specimens as ‘ Euthriofusus virgineus’ goes back to Hörnes (1853) and Hoernes & Auinger (1890), who referred to illustrations in Grateloup (1845). Peyrot (1928) emphasized the low quality of the illustrations in Grateloup (1845) and excluded the Paratethyan records from Euthria virginea . Subsequently, the understanding of Euthria virginea became strongly biased by the fact that nearly all specimens identified as that species derived from the Paratethys Sea and represent Euthria stuetzii . To our knowledge, only Peyrot (1928) provided an adequate picture of Euthria virginea . This specimen from the Serravallian of Salles ( France) differs from Euthria stuetzii in its higher, slenderer spire, the prominent spiral cords on the last whorl, the prominent growth lines and the weakly excavated columella. The French species also has a wider aperture, but this may be pathological in response to a trauma seen in dorsal view (see Peyrot 1928: pl. 8, figs 7–8). Euthria anatolica ( Toula, 1901), from the Serravallian of the Karman Basin, differs in its even longer siphonal canal and more constricted base (see Landau et al. 2013 for discussion).

‘Euthriofusus’ hoernesi Peyrot, 1928 , from the Serravallian of Salles ( France), differs from Euthria stuetzii in its strongly convex spire whorls, the weakly excavated columella, the nearly straight transition from columella to siphonal canal and the even longer siphonal canal. The generic placement of the French species will also need revision, but the very long siphonal canal excludes placement in Euthria .

Euthria stuetzii ( Naumann, 1852) is highly reminiscent of the extant Euthriostoma saharicum ( Locard, 1897) from western Africa, which differs mainly in its strongly shouldered whorls, the smooth inner lip and the wider siphonal canal. Molecular data will be needed to test if Euthriostoma Marche-Marchard & Brébion 1977 [type species Euthriostoma gliberti Marche-Marchad & Brébion, 1977 = Euthriostoma saharicum ( Locard, 1897) ] might be a junior synonym of Euthria .

Paleoenvironment. Coastal marine, inner neritic; the occurrence at Gainfarn suggests the vicinity of sea grass (Zuschin et al. 2007; own data).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Early Miocene records are based on poorly preserved shells, and we doubt that these are conspecific with the Middle Miocene species (e.g., Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: pl. 5, figs 18–19). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Guntersdorf ( Austria) (hoc opus), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czech Republic) (hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890), Mikulov ( Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Letkés, Szob, Devecser ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966a; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Kovács 2022); Krško Basin: Gorenje Mokro Polje, Šentjerneja ( Slovenia) ( Mikuž 2009); Dacian Basin: Bivolare, Opanec, Staropatica, Trifonovo ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements for shell morphology; AA: apical angle, SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height, AL: aperture length, AW: aperture width.

FIGURE 2. Colubraria subobscura (Hoernes & Auinger, 1884). A1–A3. NHMW 1854/0035/0170, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). B1–B2. NHMW 1859/0037/0018a, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C1–C3. NHMW 1865/0001/0183, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D1–D2. NHMW 1859/0037/0018b, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). E1–E3. NHMW 1874/0025/0021, lectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). F1–F2. NHMW 2023/0338/0001, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 34.A. Euthria brunettii nov.sp., NHMW2023/0338/0007,paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus(Romania).B.Euthria walaszczyki nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0223, Grund (Austria). C. Euthria depressospira Bandat, 1943, NHMW 2023/0338/0008, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D. Euthria diluvii (Eichwald, 1830) NHMW 1860/0001/0224b, Boršov (= Porstendorf) (Czech Republic). E. Euthria fuscocingulata (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890). NHMW 2023/0338/0011, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). F. Euthria frausseni nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0338/0012, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). G. Euthria odiosa nov. sp. NHMW 2023/0348/0001, paratype, Steinebrunn (Austria). H. Euthria puschii (Andrzejowski, 1830), NHMW 2023/0350/0002, Bad Vöslau (Austria). I. Euthria stuetzii (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0254, Enzesfeld or Gainfarn (Austria). J. Euthria subnodosa (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1846/0037/0274, Steinebrunn and Gainfarn (Austria). K. Euthria yesimae nov. sp., RGM 794 572, paratype, Pınarlar Yaylası, Akpınar (Turkey).

FIGURE 44. Euthria stuetzii (Naumann, 1852). A1–A2. NHMW 2023/0351/0001, neotype, Enzesfeld (Austria). B1–B. NHMW 1999z0077/0017, Enzesfeld (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 2023/0351/0002, Enzesfeld (Austria). D1–D2. NHMW 2023/0351/0003, Enzesfeld (Austria). E1–E2. NHMW 1949/0005/0025, Steinebrunn (Austria).