Fraudiziba paratethyca, Harzhauser & Landau, 2021

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2021, The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 4983 (3), pp. 1-72 : 35-38

Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom.

Figs 9D 1 –D 2 , E 1 –E 2 , F 1 –F 2 , G, 10D 1 –D 2 , E 1 –E 2

[ Mitra ] obtusangula [Partsch]— Hörnes 1848: 17 [nomen nudum].

Mitra obtusangula Partsch — d’Orbigny 1852: 54, nr. 923 [nomen nudum].

Mitra goniophora Bell. — Hörnes 1852b: 100 (pars), pl. 10, figs 8–9 (non fig. 10) [non Bellardi, 1850].

Mitra goniophora Bellardi — Neugeboren 1860: 11 [non Bellardi, 1850].

[ Mitra ] goniophora Bell. — Auinger 1871: 8 [non Bellardi, 1850].

[ Mitra ] goniophor a Bell.—Hoernes 1880: 125 [non Bellardi, 1850].

Mitra goniophora Var. b— Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 78.

Mitra goniophora Bell. var. — Friedberg 1911: 15, pl. 1, fig. 8, text-fig. 5.

Mitra goniophora Beil. [sic]—Friedberg 1928: 578, pl. 37, fig. 24 [non Bellardi, 1850].

? Mitra goniophora Bellardi — Peyrot 1928: 106, pl. 9, figs 9, 24.

Mitra goniophora austriaca n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 56 [non Mayer-Eymar, 1898].

M [itraria]. (M [itraria].) goniophora perangulata (Peyr.) — Sieber 1958a: 154 [non Peyrot, 1928],

Mitra goniophora austriaca Mezn. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 47, pl. 6, figs 4–5, 8, 10 [non Mayer-Eymar, 1898].

Mitra goniophora transsylvanica n. sp. — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 47 (pars), 140, pl. 6, figs 1–2, 15–16 [non Hoernes & Auinger, 1880].

Mitraria (Mitraria) goniophora var. austriaca (Meznerics 1950) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960. 159, pl. 42, fig. 8 [non Mayer-Eymar, 1898].

Mitra goniophora Bellardi, 1850 — Strausz 1966: 364, text-fig. 159, pl. 41, figs 20–23 [non Bellardi, 1850].

Mitra (Mitraria) goniophora austriaca Mezn. — Kókay 1966: 62, pl. 9, fig. 6 [non Hoernes & Auinger, 1880].

Mitra goniophora transsylvanica (Csepreghy-Meznerics) —Bałuk 1970: 119 [non Hoernes & Auinger, 1880].

Mitra goniophora transsylvanica Csepr. -Mezn.— Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 31, pl. 14, figs 8–9 [non Hoernes & Auinger, 1880].

Mitra goniophora Bellardi 1850 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1059, pl. 6, figs 1, 2 [non Bellardi, 1850].

Mitra goniophora transsylvanica Meznerics 1954 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1116, pl. 5, figs 19–20, pl. 9, fig. 8 [non Mitra transsylvanica sensu Meznerics 1954 ].

Mitra goniophora Bellardi — Krach 1981: 71, pl. 19, figs 3–5 [non Bellardi, 1850].

Mitraria (Mitraria) goniophora ( Bellardi, 1850) — Bałuk 1997: 32, pl. 8, figs 3–4 [non Bellardi, 1850].

Mitraria (Mitraria) goniophora austriaca (Meznerics) — Schultz 1998: 70, pl. 28, fig. 7 [non Hoernes & Auinger, 1880].

Mitraria goniophora ( Bellardi, 1850) s. l. — Harzhauser 2002: 108, pl. 8, fig. 20 [non Bellardi, 1850].

non Mitraria (Mitraria) cf. austriaca ( Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1950) — Bałuk 1997: 33, pl. 11, fig. 7.

Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 1846/0037/0108, SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 10.1 mm, Pötzleinsdorf-Vienna ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 8), figs 9D 1 –D 2. Paralectotype: NHMW 2020/0103/0001, SL: 24.9 mm, MD: 8.2 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 9), figs 9F 1 –F 2; NHMW 2020/0105/0001, SL: 29.2 mm, MD: 8.9 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), figs 9E 1 –E 2. Note that specimen NHMW 1866/0045/0031 from Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 10), is formally also a type specimen but is excluded from Fraudiziba paratethyca . The specimen is a juvenile Mitridae (probably Episcomitra sp. ).

Additional material. NHMW 1855 /0045/0631, 4 specimens, Grund ( Austria) , NHMW 1997 z/0178/1432, 21 specimens , NHMW1859 /0027/0180, 20 specimens , NHMW 1863 /0015/0921, 25.2 mm, 8.3 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria) figs 10G, NHMW 2010 /0004/0981a, SL: 23.0 mm , MD: 8.3 mm, figs 10D 1 –D 2, NHMW 2010 /0004/0981b, SL: 20.1 mm , MD: 7.5 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , figs 10E 1 –E 2, NHMW 2020 /0103/0002, 22 specimens, Gainfarn ( Austria) , NHMW 1871 /0010/0329, 26 specimens, Steinebrunn ( Austria) , NHMW 1997 z/0178/1112, 2 specimens, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , NHMW 2010 /0004/0981, 8 specimens, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , NHMW 2010 /0004/0980, 30 specimens, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , NHMW 1852 b/0012/0035, 1 specimen, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , NHMW 1989 /0089/0039, 10 specimens, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) , NHMW 1848 /0003/0008, 1 specimen, Ritzing ( Austria) , NHMW 1866 /0040/0113, 4 specimens, Marz ( Austria) , NHMW 1847 /0037/0047, Rohrbach at Mattersburg ( Austria) , NHMW 1869 /0001/0435, 6 specimens, Forchtenau ( Austria) , NHMW 1847 /0046/0018, 1 specimen, Szob ( Hungary) , NHMW 1846 /0037/0109, 15 specimens, Mikulov ( Czech Republic) , NHMW 1860 /0001/0122, 5 specimens, Mikulov ( Czech Republic) , NHMW 1860 /0142/0003, 3 specimens, Boršov ( Czech Republic) , NHMW 1868 /0001/0100, 1 specimen, Sudice ( Czech Republic) , NHMW 2016 /0177/0856, 32 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , NHMW 2016 /0177/0855, 7 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , NHMW 1973 /1615/0093, 7 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , NHMW 2016 /0177/0857, 1 specimen, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , NHMW A 1570 , 46 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , NHMW 2018 /0248/0321, 32 specimens, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania) , NHMW 1867 /0019/9932, 1 specimen, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) , NHMW 1862 /0001/0525, 3 specimens, Bujtur ( Romania) , NHMW 1853 /0038/0005, 1 specimen, Korytnica ( Poland) .

Type locality. Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria), Vienna Basin .

Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Group.

Age. Middle Miocene, late Badenian (Serravallian).

Etymology. Referring to the Paratethys Sea.

Diagnosis. Fraudiziba species of medium size, solid, moderately slender fusiform, with high spire, rounded shoulder, high last whorl, moderately narrow aperture, moderately short siphonal canal, intense colour pattern of subquadrate dots on shoulder and spirally arranged dots or dashes on last whorl.

Revised description. Shell medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform, solid. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, high conical, fifth to sixth whorl convex in profile, coinciding with development of rounded shoulder. Suture of early teleoconch whorls incised, faintly canaliculate, narrowly impressed on later whorls. Shoulder persisting on last whorl, varying from indistinct, bulgy, to roundly angulated, never carinate. Last whorl high, subcylindrical, slowly contracting. Aperture moderately narrow, posteriorly narrowly angulated. Columellar callus narrow, extending from adapical columellar fold to tip of siphonal canal, thickened and sharply delimited from base in adult specimens. Columella with four oblique folds, decreasing in strength abapically, fifth columellar fold subobsolete. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight, with shallow siphonal notch. Shell surface smooth except for spiral cords on base and fasciole.

Colour pattern under UV light consisting of large subquadrate to axially elongate blotches on shoulder and about four wide spaced spiral rows of subquadrate dots below shoulder on last whorl (figs 10D–E).

Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 12.5–30.6 mm, MD: 5.3–10.1 mm, AA: 35–43°, SL/MD: 3.0–3.7, AL/ AW: 5.0–5.6, AH/S: 2.2–2.7.

Discussion. The oldest name for this Paratethyan species is ‘ Mitra obtusangula ’, written by Paul Maria Joseph Partsch (1791–1856) on collection labels in the NHMW. The name was published as nomen nudum by Hörnes (1848) and d’Orbigny (1852). Soon after, Hörnes (1852b) identified the Viennese specimens as Mitra goniophora Bellardi, 1850 , which was originally described from the Tortonian of Italy. Fraudiziba goniophora ( Bellardi, 1850) has angulated whorls, a moderately high spire relative to a high and subcylindrical last whorl and a spiral sculpture of narrow spiral grooves, most prominent below the angulation [see syntypes in Bellardi (1850, 1887a) and Ferrero-Mortara et al. (1981, pl. 48, fig. 11a, b)]. Subsequently, the original concept of F. goniophora was broadened by numerous misidentifications of Paratethyan material as ‘ Mitra goniophora ’ with completely smooth shell and comparably higher spire. Csepreghy-Meznerics (1950) recognized these differences and separated the slender and smooth Paratethyan morphotypes as Mitra goniophora austriaca referring to the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, figs 8–10). This designation was unfortunate in two aspects. Firstly, the name was already preoccupied by Mayer-Eymar (1898: 83) for another Mitridae from Baden ( Austria). Secondly, the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 10) from Steinebrunn ( Austria) is clearly not conspecific with the other syntypes from Vienna-Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria) and Mikulov ( Czech Republic) (see also Landau et al. 2013: 214). To clarify the status, we designate a lectotype for Mitra austriaca sensu Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1950 and propose Fraudiziba paratethyca as new name for it.

The majority of specimens in the NHMW collections show rounded bulgy shoulders with an indistinct angulation, whereas specimens with a weak angulation are exceptional. In addition, the material at hand demonstrates considerable variability in size and spire height. Due to the presence of numerous co-occurring intermediate morphologies, we find no reason to split the material into different species.

As discussed by Peyrot (1928: 107), Fraudiziba perangulata ( Peyrot, 1928) , from the Langhian of Manciet ( France), is highly reminiscent of the Paratethyan species, but is much smaller at the same growth stage ( Figs 11A–C ) [The French species is represented by a lot of 10 syntypes stored in the Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux ( France). To clarify the status of this species we select specimen MHNBx 2014.35.15.8, illustrated in Peyrot 1928, pl. 9, fig. 25, as lectotype].

Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp., from the Serravallian of Turkey, has a similar shell shape but differs in its colour pattern of large subquadrate blotches.

Palaeoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic environments.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Kleinebersdorf ( Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria) ( Sieber 1958a) Boršov, Sudice ( Czech Republic) (own data);

Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1997; own data); Roztocze Hills: Łychów, Węglinek ( Poland) ( Krach 1981); Nowy Sącz Basin: Niskowa ( Poland) (Bałuk 1970); Voronyaky Hills: Podhorce (Pidhirtsi) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1911); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zborów (Zboriv) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1911, 1928); Vienna Basin: Gainfarn, Steinebrunn, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Mikulov ( Czech Republic); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Mattersburg, Marz, Forchtenau ( Austria) (own data); Oberpullendorf Basin: Ritzing (own data); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota, Szob, Letkés, Herend, Pécsszabolcs, Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza ( Hungary) ( Kókay 1966; Strausz 1966; Bohn-Havas 1973); Bükk Mountains, ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969, 1972); Cserhát Mountains ( Hungary) Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus Coşteiu de Sus, Bujtur ( Romania); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Târnene, Trifonovo (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

? Northeastern Atlantic. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Salles ( France) ( Peyrot 1928).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Map of central and south–eastern Europe, representing the area that was partly covered by the Central Paratethys Sea (for detailed maps with the localities mentioned in the text see Kroh (2005) and Nosowska (2020). The white insert corresponds to the area that is restored in the palaeogeographic map below. B. Palaeogeography of the Middle Miocene Paratethys Sea (modified from Harzhauser & Landau 2017) showing the most important sedimentary basins (NAFB: North Alpine Foreland Basin, E–Sopr B: Eisenstadt–Sopron Basin).

FIGURE 2. Measurements for shell morphology and whorl profiles. SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, AA: apical angle, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height. AL: aperture length. AW: aperture width. S: length of siphonal canal.

FIGURE 9. A1–A2. Fraudiziba mathiasi (Bałuk, 1997), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1854/0035/0085. B1–B2. Fraudiziba mathiasi (Bałuk, 1997), holotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 2020/0101/0001. C1–C2. Fraudiziba mathiasi (Bałuk, 1997), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1854/0035/0100. D1–D2. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom., lectotype, Pötzleinsdorf-Vienna (Austria), NHMW 1846/0037/0108. E1–E2. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom., paralectotype, Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0105/0001. F1–F2. Fraudiziba paratethyca nov. nom., paralectotype, Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 2020/0103/0001. G. Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 1863/0015/0921. H1–H2. Fraudiziba subcarinata (Bellardi, 1887), Modra- Kráľová (Slovakia), NHMW 2020/0102/0001. I1–I2. Fraudiziba subcarinata (Bellardi, 1887), Bujtur (Romania), NHMW 1861/0033/0010. J1–J2. Fraudiziba rudolfi (Bałuk, 1997), holotype, Pöls (Austria), NHMW 1861/0001/0238.

FIGURE 10. A1–A2. Fraudiziba mathiasi (Bałuk, 1997), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1854/0035/0085. B1–B2. Fraudiziba subcarinata (Bellardi, 1887), Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia), NHMW 2020/002/0001. C. Fraudiziba subcarinata (Bellardi,

FIGURE 11. A1–A2. Fraudiziba perangulata (Peyrot, 1928), lectotype, Manciet (France), MHNBx 2014.35.15.8. B1–B2. Fraudiziba perangulata (Peyrot, 1928), Manciet (France), 2014.35.15.46.0. C1–C2. Fraudiziba perangulata (Peyrot, 1928), Manciet (France), 2014.35.15.46.0 (pictures provided by Laurent Charles, Muséum de Bordeaux). D1–D2. Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp., holotype, Seyithasan (Turkey), NHMW 1847/0058/0387. E1–E2. Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp., paratype, Seyithasan (Turkey), NHMW 1847/0058/0388. F1–F2. Fraudiziba ottomanica nov. sp., paratype, Seyithasan (Turkey), RGM 77 882, in UV light.