Graphis emersa Müller Arg. (1893: 132)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis emersa Müller Arg. (1893: 132) .

Type:— AUSTRALIA. Queensland: corticola prope Brisbane, Bailey 217 ( G!) .

Thallus corticolous, whitish to whitish gray, continuous, smooth, dull. Lirellae prominent, lacking a thalline margin, short to elongate, straight, curved or sinuous, unbranched, labia convergent, entire, black, not pruinose, disc concealed ( nuda -morph). Exciple completely carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 7–9- septate, 24–28 × 6–7 μm, 7–11-septate, 30–40 × 7–9 μm (holotype, Lücking et al. 2009), 8–9-septate, 30 × 8 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major), subnorstictic acid (trace), connorstictic acid (trace) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical ( Lücking et al. 2009). This species was already reported from North- Thailand, Loei province ( Poengsungnoen et al. 2010) and here from several districts in South-Thailand, alluding to a wide distribution in the country. It is growing on the bark of freestanding trees along the road or in plantations from 15– 190 m.

Remarks:—Short lirellae and elongate lirellae are often growing together on the same thallus. Graphis emersa is distinguished by prominent lirella with entire labia, a completely carbonized exciple, a clear hymenium, transversely septate, small ascospores and the presence of norstictic acid. Similar is G. assimilis Nyl. , but this species differs in having immersed to erumpent lirellae ( lineola -morph).

Material from Thailand examined:— Chumphon province: Mueang district, in the area of tambon Wangmai, in a langsat plantation ( Lansium parasiticum ), 60 m, 10°31’25’’ N, 99°02’04’’ E, 31 May 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 527 & N. Sawangwong (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42370); dito, Patieu district, tambon Chum Kho, in the forest on the right side of the road to Bangson Bay, on bark of trees in a secondary forest, 15 m, 10°26’31’’ N, 99°26’46’’ E, 15 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2462, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42374); dito, Luang Suan district, tambon Wang Tako, in the area of Moo 13, in a betel palm plantaion ( Areca catechu ) 190 m, 09°55’54’’ N, 99°02’30’’ E, 14 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1017, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42373).