Graphis perstriatula Nylander (1874: 176)

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Graphis perstriatula Nylander (1874: 176) .

Type :— INDIA. Andaman Island: 1867, S. Kurz s.n. (H-Nyl. 7779!, lectotype, here designated, based on annotation slip by D. D. Awasthi & K. P. Singh 1974) .

Thallus corticolous, whitish gray, continuous, smooth, corticate, dull to slightly glossy. Lirellae erumpent, with a basal to lateral thalline margin, elongate, up to 10–15 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent, very clear 3–7-striate, disc concealed, (tenella- morph). Exciple apically carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 2–4/ascus, hyaline, muriform, 6–9 × 2–3-septate, 22–38 × 11–15 μm.

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major) connorstictic acid (minor) (anal. Nakanishi et al. 2001).

Distribution and habitat:—Probably pantropical, reported from Costa Rica ( Lücking et al. 2008), Cuba (as G. polyschizans Vain. , not validly published), Lesser Antilles (as G. acuminata Vain. ), Puerto Rico (as G. sulcata Fink ), India (type locality), all synonyms from Lücking et al. 2008), Australia ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present) and one locality is reported from Thailand ( Nakanishi et al. 2001).

Remarks:—This species is habitually similar to Allographa striatula (Ach.) Lücking & Kalb (see above), but the latter has striatula -morph lirellae and medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores.

Material from Thailand reported:— Phitsanulok province: Nakhon Thai district, around Phu Hin Rong Kla visitor center, Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park , on bark of Podocarpus sp. , 1250 m, 17° N, 101° E, 24 February 1998, K. H. Moon 2286b & H. Kashiwadani .

* Graphis pinicola Zahlbruckner (1930: 43) . Fig. 7C . Type:— CHINA. Setschwan province : in jugi Linbinkou inter oppidum Yenyüen et castellum Kwapi, regione temperata, in cortice vivo

Pini armandi, 3000 m, 27°46’ N, 3 June 1914, Handel-Mazzetti 2829 ( W!, holotype) .

Thallus corticolous, off-white to greenish ochre, continuous, smooth, corticate, glossy. Lirellae erumpent, with a lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 3 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, mostly unbranched, but also sparsely to irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, disc concealed, (lineola- or deserpens- morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, (5–) 7 (–9)-septate, 20–38 × 5–9 μm; 7-septate, 27–32 × 11–12 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, corticolous and foliicolous ( Lücking et al. 2009); reported from U.S.A., Florida ( Seavey et al. 2017) , Africa ( Joshi et al. 2016), India (Awasthi & Singh 1972 as G. foliicola var. major Awasthi & Singh ) and is here reported from Thailand for the first time. It is locally rather common and was collected in Central and South Thailand in glades of tropical rainforests, roadside trees and plantations from 3 to 175 m elevation.

Remarks:—This is a variable species concerning the shape of the lirellae (two different morphs are possible) and the size of the ascospores.

Material from Thailand examined:— Prachuap Khiri Khan province: Thap Sakae district, tambon Huai Yang, in the area of Hat Wanakom National Park, in a makha plantation ( Afzelia xylocarpa ), 3 m, 11°22’54’’ N, 99°25’19’’ E, 5 October 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 1725, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42322)— Ranong province: Pungaban Waterfall at Phetkasem Road (Road #4), ca. 25 km NNE of Ranong City, parking area opposite of the waterfall on freestanding deciduous trees, 95 m, 10°03’56’ N, 98°40’10’’ E, 6 June 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. Kalb 41486)—Phang-Nga province: Mueang district, in the area of Suan Somdet Srinagarindra Thara, on bark of an unidentified tree in a tropical rainforest, 15 m, 08°24’59’’ N, 98°31’06’’ E, 29 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4316, 4327, 4331 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42321, 42320, 42319)— Phuket province: Thalang district, in the area of Kho Tosae, on bark of unidentified trees, 175 m, 07°53’58’’ N, 98°23’58’’ E, 24 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4146, 4179 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42334, 42336); dito, Mueang district, in the area of Khao Rang, on bark of an unidentified tree, 130 m, 07°53’37’’ N, 98°22’48’’ E, 22 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 4057 & U. Siebsri (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42326)— Trang province: Hat Samran district, tambon Hat Samran, on freestanding trees along the road from Yan Ta Khao to Thung Khai district, on bark of a Ta-khian tree ( Hopea odorata ), 4 m, 7°12’28’’ N, 99°36’00’’ E, 26 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2834, 2848 & R. Nokkhao, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42333, 42332)— Songkhla province: Rattaphum district, ca. 100 m from Phetkasem Road to Boriohat Waterfall, on bark of an unidentified tree in a tropical rainforest, 110 m, 06°59’45’’ N, 100°08’37’’ E, 26 May 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 2509, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42323).

* Graphis plumierae Vainio (1915: 161) . Fig. 7D . Type :—LESSER ANTILLES. Guadeloupe: Gourbeyre, ad corticem Plumierae roseae, P. Duss 1189 (TUR-Vainio 27732!, holotype).

Thallus corticolous, off-white or grayish, continuous, smooth or slightly uneven, corticate, dull, slightly glossy. Lirellae immersed, with a lateral thalline margin, elongate, up to 6 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent, entire, whitish pruinose, disc concealed, (caesiella- morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium inspersed (type A); ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, 5–7-septate, 20–25 × 5–6 μm; 5–8-septate, 18–28 × 7–8 μm (protologue).

Chemistry: norstictic acid (major) (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—No further reference to this obviously rare species aside the original description from Guadeloupe could be found in the literature until recently when it was found in India ( Mohabe et al. 2016) and in Portugal ( Lepista & Aptroot 2016). Here, it is reported from Thailand for the first time where it was collected from the bark of a red-cedar in South Thailand.

Remarks:—This species is well characterized in having caesiella -morph lirellae, an inspersed hymenium and small transseptate ascospores. G. crebra (see above) is similar, but is easily distinguished in having and open, white pruinose disc ( scripta -morph lirellae).

Material from Thailand examined:— Chumphon province: Tha Sae district, in the area of tambon Na Kratam , in a red-cedar plantation ( Acrocarpus fraxinifolius ), 20 m, 10°35’57’’ N, 99°09’44’ E, 7 June 2008, J. Sutjaritturakan 0854, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42421) .

Figures

FIGURE 7. A. Graphis omiana (scale = 0.5 mm); B. Graphis persicina (scale = 0.5 mm); C. Graphis pinicola (scale = 0.5 mm); D. Graphis plumierae (scale = 0.5 mm); E. Graphis prunicola (scale = 0.8 mm); F. Graphis schroederi (scale = 1 mm); G. Graphis subducta (scale = 0.6 mm); H. Graphis subhiascens (scale = 1.2 mm).