Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran, 2023

Haran, Julien M., Marvaldi, Adriana E., Benoit, Laure, Oberlander, Kenneth, Stals, Riaan & Oberprieler, Rolf G., 2023, Revision of the enigmatic South African Cryptolaryngini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), with description of a new genus and twenty-two new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 877 (1), pp. 1-89 : 68-70

25. Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:55B2B09A-2A4F-4D0D-996F-8E93E874C0E9

Figs 1X , 2X , 3X , 4X , 5X , 7M–P , 8F

Differential diagnosis

Hadrocryptolarynx major gen. et sp. nov. is at present the only species in its genus. See diagnostic characters in key to genera for differential diagnosis with species of Cryptolarynx .

Etymology

The species name major refers to the large body size of some specimens of the species, seemingly the largest among the Cryptolaryngini . The specific epithet is an adjective in the masculine form.

Material examined

Holotype REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Klawer [13 km S]. 26.vii.2019. J. Haran leg.” “ 31.902° S 18.630° E. at base of Oxalis luteola . JHAR02464_0101. Cirad-CBGP coll.” “Holotype. Hadrocryptolarynx major . Haran 2023”; SAMC.

Paratypes REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA – Western Cape • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CBGP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMUK • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MNHN • 4 specs (preserved in ethanol); same collection data as for holotype; CBGP • 10 specs; Klawer 13 km S; 31.902° S, 18.630° E; 26 Jul. 2019; J. Haran leg.; at base of Oxalis luteola ; JHAR02486; CBGP • 1 ♂, 2 specs; Velddrif , 32.722° S, 18.194° E; 27 Jul. 2019; J. Haran leg.; near stands of Oxalis pes-caprae ; JHAR02482; CBGP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Worcester ; 33.650° S, 19.417° E; 23 Sep. 1973; L. Schulze leg.; collected from flowers in Karoo garden; E-Y:148; TMSA • 1 ♀; 10 km WSW of Uitvlugt, Zandkraal Farm ; 31.700° S, 18.767° E; 12 Sep. 1987; S. Endrödy-Younga leg.; dry coarse-sandy flat; E-Y:2490; TMSA • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 5 km S of Vanrhynsdorp ; 31.600° S, 18.733° E; 26 Sep. 1973; L. Schulze leg.; collected from Aizoaceae flowers; E-Y:162; TMSA • 1 ♂; Vanrhynsdorp S, Farm Wiedouw 309; 31.733° S, 18.783° E; 20–23 Sep. 1982; S. Louw leg.; NMBH 89711; SANC • 1 ♀; Namaqualand, Koekenaap dunes; 31.533° S, 18.233° E; 23 Sep. 1994; S. Endrödy-Younga and C.L. Bellamy leg.; pitfall traps 3 days; red sand dunes with patchy dense bushy vegetation; E-Y:3032; TMSA .

Description (♂)

MEASUREMENTS. Body elongate, length 2.0–6.0 mm.

COLOUR AND VESTITURE. Body integument black, antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish. Dorsal vestiture (pronotum + elytra) consisting of overlapping, recumbent, parallel-sided or bilaterally convex clothing scales, each 2–5 × as long as wide, truncate at apex, not aligned on interstriae, concealing integument. Colour of scales black, dark brown to pale brown, grey or white; darker scales usually concentrated medially over pronotum and on elytral interstriae 1–3; paler scales concentrated laterally and on pronotum and elytra, usually forming a transverse spot near middle of interstriae 1–3. Scales arising from strial punctures not different from those of rest of vestiture.

HEAD. Forehead slightly wider than epifrons near antennal insertions, scales recumbent. Eyes convex, in dorsal view distinctly exceeding outline of head, surrounded by a ring of short scales, on forehead directed towards occiput; distance between eye and scrobe less than width of an eye. Epifrons flat, as wide as forehead, epifrontal scales suberect and orientated laterad, towards scrobes, overlapping. Frons with 3 pairs of long erect lateral setae. Epistome without median seta. Antennae with funicle segment 1 longer than wide, as long as 2 and 3 combined, 2–4 subcylindrical, slightly angular on inside, 5–7 globular or moderately elongate.

THORAX. Pronotum moderately transverse (W:L ratio 1.15), widest near midlength, sides arcuate; apex and base subequal in width; integument densely punctate, spaces between punctures narrow, dull, surface regularly convex.

ELYTRA. Broadly ovate (W:L ratio 0.76), sides arcuate, widest near midlength.

LEGS. Slender. Tibiae with apical mucro, inner margin bisinuate; protibiae curved in apical half; mesotibiae curved in apical third; metatibiae straight. Protarsi with segments 1 and 2 isodiametric; meso and metatarsi with segments 1 and 2 2 × as long as wide.

ABDOMEN. Ventrites 1–4 with pale, recumbent, plumose scales intermixed with white suberect setae; ventrite 5 with a few scales near base, elsewhere setose only; ventrites 1–2 slightly concave medially, 5 convex medially.

TERMINALIA. Body of penis elongate (W:L ratio 0.3), as long as temones, acuminate at apex, in profile downcurved in apical third. Tectum narrow but distinct; endophallus with copulatory sclerite divided into two symmetrical, elongate structures. Parameroid lobes of dorsal plate of tegmen fused and jointly evenly rounded at apex, devoid of seta. Spiculum gastrale asymmetrical; divergence of basal arms V-shaped.

Sexual dimorphism

The sexes can be distinguished by the shape of the elytra (elongate and widest near midlength in male, shorter and widest at base in female) and by ventrites 1–2 (concave in male, convex in female), and half of females examined bear a series of long, suberect setae on interstriae 1–3–5–7.

Life history

Adults of Hadrocryptolarynx major gen. et sp. nov. were at several localities found in dense stands of Oxalis luteola , most specimens collected from the base of the plants. As in Cryptolarynx , some specimens were observed to form small holes in the soil, below the leaves of various surrounding plants ( Fig. 7O ). The weevils are active during the day on open fields but may also climb onto vegetation. Adults were collected between July and September.

Distribution

Hadrocryptolarynx major gen. et sp. nov. was mostly collected in the northwestern regions of the Western Cape province, from Koekenaap to Velddrif and inland to Vanrhynsdorp and Worcester ( Fig. 13 ).

Remarks

Specimens of Hadrocryptolarynx major gen. et sp. nov. were collected in sympatry with those of C. spinicornis sp. nov. Amplification of the standard mitochondrial barcode fragment failed repeatedly for this species, and the fragments of the only two specimens that successfully amplified (JHAR02464_0101 and JHAR02486_0101) yielded five regions with large nucleotide deletions. By contrast, all remaining nucleotides aligned well with those of the various species of Cryptolarynx sequenced and showed no traces of stop codons. This fragment is probably of pseudogene origin caused by a mismatch between the primers and the actual mitochondrial copy of the COI fragment.

Figures

Fig. 1 (Part I) (next page). Habitus of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (dorsal view). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 2 (Part I) (next page). Male genitalia of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966. Penis in dorsal and lateral view (left), tegmen in dorsal view (middle) and details of apex of a parameroid lobe and spiculum gastrale in dorsal view (right). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 3 (Part I) (next page). Habitus of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 (lateral view). A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 4 (Part I) (next page). Head of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966. A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 5 (Part I). Ventrites of males of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966. A. C. vitis (Marshall, 1957). B. C. subglaber Haran sp. nov. C. C. squamulatus Haran sp. nov. D. C. muellerae Haran sp. nov. E. C. hirtulus Haran sp. nov. F. C. robustus Haran sp. nov. G. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov. H. C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. I. C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. J. C. estriatus (Marshall, 1957), with details of a cuticular carina (white arrows). K. C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. L. C. pilipes Haran sp. nov. Not to scale.

Fig. 7 (previous page). Habitus in natura, host plants and biotopes of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 Cryptolarynx and Hadrocryptolarynx Haran gen. nov. (part 2). A. Habitus of C. oberprieleri Haran sp. nov. on and at base of Oxalis glabra Thunb., Stellenbosch (JHAR01201). B. Patch of O. glabra, biotope of C. oberprieleri Haran sp. nov., Stellenbosch (JHAR01485). C. Burnt area near Montagu with patches of Oxalis pes-caprae L. resprouting; biotope of C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov. (JHAR01528). D–F. Habitus, Oxalis cf. odorata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, host and biotope of C. spinicornis Haran sp. nov., Sutherland (JHAR02512). G. Habitus of C. marshalli Haran sp. nov., near Worcester (JHAR02355). H. Oxalis imbricata Eckl. & Zeyh., hosting adults of C. marshalli Haran sp. nov., near Worcester. I. Shale Renosterveld vegetation type on hillsides at Worcester, biotope of C. marshalli Haran sp. nov. (JHAR02355). J. Habitus of C. oberlanderi Haran sp. nov., near Worcester (JHAR02353). K. Oxalis depressa Eckl. & Zeyh., hosting adults of C. oberlanderi Haran sp. nov., near Worcester. L. Habitus of C. san Haran sp. nov., Langebaan Dune Strandveld vegetation type near West Coast National Park (JHAR02484). M. Habitus of male of Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov., Klawer (JHAR02464). N. Habitus of female of Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov., Klawer. O. Gallery formed by Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov. under a leaf of Amaryllidaceae J.St.-Hil. P. Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld vegetation type near Vanrhynsdorp, biotope of Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov.

Fig. 8 (next page). Structural details and measurements of Cryptolaryngini Van Schalkwyk, 1966. A. Cryptolarynx spinicornis Haran sp. nov., cephalic view, arrows indicating width of forehead (top) and of epifrons (bottom). B. Head of C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov., lateral view, arrows indicating distance between eye and scrobe. C. Head of C. pyrophilus Haran sp. nov., in cephalic view, arrows showing prothoracic scales near eyes (top), position of scape when antennae in repose (middle) and position of clubs near procoxae when in repose (bottom). D. C. namaquanus Haran sp. nov., dorsal view, arrows indicate length and width dimensions of pronotum and elytra as measured.E. Metafemora and metatarsus of C. variabilis Haran sp. nov. (left) and C. carinatus Haran sp. nov. (right), arrows indicating position of proximal inner carina in latter species (highlighted with a white line in C. variabilis Haran sp. nov.) and short apical mucro. F. Metatarsus of Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov., arrow indicating elongate segment 2 (longer than wide). G. Hindleg of C. vitis (Marshall, 1957), arrow indicating apical mucro. H. Antenna of C. spinicornis Haran sp. nov., arrows pointing at inner tooth of funicle segments 2 and 4. I. Protibia of C. armatus Haran sp. nov., arrow pointing at inner preapical expansion proximally of mucro. J. Penis of C. oberprieleri Haran sp. nov., dorsal view, black arrows indicating length of penis body and temones and white arrows indicating width of penis body as measured; bottom arrow indicating copulatory sclerite. K. Ovipositor, Crypolarynx variabilis Haran sp. nov. L. Sternite VIII, same species. M. Spermatheca, same species. N. Ovipositor, Hadrocryptolarynx major Haran gen. et sp. nov. O. Sternite VIII, same species. P. Spermatheca, same species. Q. Right maxilla, same species. Not to scale.

Fig. 13. Distribution maps of species of Cryptolarynx Van Schalkwyk, 1966 and Hadrocryptolarynx Haran gen. nov.