Immoderatus foldvarii, Papp, 2004

Papp, L., 2004, Immoderatus Gen. N. Of Copromyzinae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 50 (1), pp. 45-53 : 48-52

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.12586908
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/524B879B-FF9F-FFA7-2D60-5345FC682A16
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Immoderatus foldvarii
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Immoderatus foldvarii View in CoL sp. n.

( Figs 1–17 View Figs 1–3 View Figs 4–8 View Figs 9–15 View Figs 16–17 )

Holotype male: THAILAND, Mae Ta Man elephant park, 45 km N ofChiang Mai, 01. 12. 2003 – swept on elephant dung, leg. Földvári, Peregovits & Szappanos, No 25.

Paratypes: 11 males, 17 females ( HNHM, 3 males, 4 females in alcohol): same as for holotype [genitalia of 2 males and females each in a plastic microvial with glycerol, wings ofa specimen pre - pared on a slide] .

Measurements in mm: body length 0.77 (holotype), 0.72–0.85 (paratype males), 0.75–0.95 (paratype females), wing length 0.68 (holotype), 0.65–0.75, 0.66–0.77, wing breadth 0.25 (holotype), 0.24–0.33, 0.26–0.34.

General colour dark to black; some parts ofbody with brownish grey microtomentum.

Head much longer than high. Head with frons broad, frons mostly dark microtomentose. Anterior part covered with adpressed small scales; ifall the large central area offrons, which includes ocelli, back to occiput, is interpreted as frontal (ocellar) triangle, this triangle is bordered by a densely hatched stripe ( Fig. 1 View Figs 1–3 ). Face (prefrons) black, with extremely deep and strongly microtomentose antennal concavities. Interantennal tubercle small. Three pairs ofshort lateroclinate fronto-orbitals; a row ofmedioclinate inner orbitals. No ocellar pair, a number ofsmall postocellar setulae, postocellar setae indistinct. A pair oflong outer verticals. Presence or absence ofinner verticals difficult to inter - pret, as longer, paired setae between outer verticals absent. Eye much reduced, slightly oval. Scape and pedicel black. Pedicel with a 0.105–0.11 mm long dorsal sub-basal seta ( Fig. 2 View Figs 1–3 ). First flagellomere rounded, ca. 0.060 mm long with dorsal arista. First flagellomere with 5 extremely long dorsal setae, not much shorter than arista (longest 0.110 –0.115 mm), in addition with 3–4 0.037 –0.045 mm long apical and ventral setae and with shorter cilia. Arista 0.135 –0.142 mm long, i.e. a little more than 2 times as long as 1st flagellomere, practically bare. Vibrissa rather long, about as long as antenna. Gena narrow. 5–6 peristomals. No genal seta.

nification. Scales: 0.2 mm for Figs 4–5, 8 View Figs 4–8 , 0.1 mm for Fig. 6 View Figs 4–8 , 0.4 mm for Fig. 7 View Figs 4–8

sublateral view, 15 = genital complex, lateral view. Scale: 0.2 mm for Fig. 9 View Figs 9–15 , 0.1 mm for Figs 10–15 View Figs 9–15

Thorax black, dark microtomentose. Prothorax ( Fig. 3 View Figs 1–3 ) consisting ofextremely reduced scler - ites. Anepisternum present as a narrow oblique sclerite, medially only 0.04 mm broad, without setae. Anepimeron membranous. Katepisternum with 1 comparatively long seta at dorsal margin.

Legs short and thick, black, but trochanters, knees, apices oftibiae, and tarsi somewhat lighter. Fore femur thickened, with longer setae on dorsal side and sub-basally on ventral side. Mid femur with 1 anterior apical seta and with a number ofmedium-long setae. Hind femur very thick with a dorsal seta at apical 1/4. Fore tibia with 3 long dorsal setae: at apical 1/4, medially and subapically. Mid tibia without the usual subapical crown ofsetae, but with a strong ventroapical spur and with a shorter, though rather thick, anterodorsal spur ( Fig. 5 View Figs 4–8 ). Hind tibia extremely thick, only 3 times longer than thick ( Fig. 7 View Figs 4–8 ), with an extremely long and thick ventroapical spur, with a long (0.057 mm) dorsal seta opposite the base ofventroapical spur and with 3 pairs ofantero- and postero-dorsal setae.

Fore basitarsus large and thick, about as long as tarsomeres 2 and 3 combined. Mid basitarsus ( Fig. 6 View Figs 4–8 ) with an extremely thick and long ventroapical thorn and 3 other ventral thorns. Mid tarsomere 2 and 3 each with a strong apical thorn. Hind basitarsus ( Fig. 8 View Figs 4–8 ) with three anterior (anteroventral) thorn. Hind tarsomeres 2 and 3 each with an apical (anterior to ventral) thorn, which is longer and setiform on tarsomere 3. All tarsomeres with a pair ofdorsal (i.e. antero- and postero-dorsal) long thin setae ( Figs 6, 8 View Figs 4–8 ).

Wing peculiar ( Fig. 4 View Figs 4–8 ) both in form and venation. Wing membrane and veins unicolorous yellowish. R-M at distal part ofmid third ofdiscal cell. Costal vein with 2 long setae proximally to R 1 break, 13 to 15 long setae on 2nd and 3rd costal section. Wing vein ratios: C-sections 1–3 (paratype): ca. 0.075 mm, 0. 105 mm, 0.342 mm, M vein index = 0.336 mm / 0.105 mm = 3.2, dM-Cu ca. 0.033 mm, R-M-dM-Cu / dM-Cu ratio ca. 3.5. Halter dark grey, knob usually darker than stem.

Abdomen with well-sclerotized preabdominal sclerites. Terga black, broad, with fine setae also on lateral margins. Preabdominal sterna broad but less sclerotized, 5th sternum broad, unmodified. Postabdominal sclerites well-sclerotized, darker than preabdomen; 6th to 8th sterna strongly asymmetrical as in other copromyzine genera ( Figs 9–11 View Figs 9–15 ).

Male genital morphology peculiar, as described above. Epandrium strongly convex (globose), without ventral lateral cleft but fused and closed ventrally as in some genera of Limosininae . Epandrium with a pair ofcomparatively long subdorsal (caudal) setae. Cerci distinct but small, not fused with epandrium ( Fig. 10 View Figs 9–15 ), without setae. Surstylus ( Fig. 11 View Figs 9–15 ) long thin, digitiform with a longer medial subapical seta and with 2 small apical setae. Hypandrium small. Phallic complex ( Fig. 15 View Figs 9–15 ) rather compact. Phallus with rather normal distiphallus, basiphallus with a thick, intricately sclerotized dorsal projection, which is almost as large as distiphallus ( Fig. 15 View Figs 9–15 ). Phallapodeme slen- der, comparatively short, strongly curved in its distal third. Epiphallus seemingly absent. Ejaculatory apodeme ( Figs 14–15 View Figs 9–15 ) mushroom-shaped with an additional sclerite at its distal part.

Female tergite 7 with a pair ofextremely long setae. Cercus with a long apical and 2 thick dor - sal setae ( Fig. 16 View Figs 16–17 ). Two spermathecae ( Fig. 17 View Figs 16–17 ), similar in shape but uneven in size (two females dissected), spermathecae not globular as in several genera ofCopromyzinae ( Lotophila , Crumomyia , Achaetothorax , Gymnometopina , Metaborborus , etc., see NORRBOM & KIM 1985 a,b, PAPP & NORRBOM 1992). Ducts laterally directed, which again is peculiar (similar lateroclinate ducts are known in Sphaeromitra ROHÁČEK & MARSHALL, 1998 , Homalomitrinae ), but the shape ofthe spermatheca ofthis species is otherwise unique amongst sphaerocerids.

This new species is so peculiar that I think a new genus deserves to be erected for it. However, I have no objective criteria to separate generic or specific characters. For this reason, some characters are given in both the generic and specific descriptions.

I name this new species to honour my young colleague, Dr MIHÁLY FÖLDVÁRI, one ofthe collectors ofthe type series, and who also collected much other invaluable dipterous material during his joint 2003 collection trip to Viet Nam and Thailand .

Acknowledgements – This study was supported by the National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA,

No. T 042540). I am grateful to the two reviewers for advice.