Newmanella radiata ( Bruguiére, 1789 ), Bruguiere, 1789

Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2016, First discovery of a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Balanomorpha: Tetraclitidae) in the western Pacific, with a note on the new status of Neonrosella Jones, 2010, Zootaxa 4098 (2), pp. 201-226 : 203-212

Newmanella radiata ( Bruguiére, 1789)

Figures 2 –8

Lepas indiae orientalis ex violaceo radiata Chemnitz, in Martini & Chemnitz, 1785: 319, pl. 99, fig. 842.

Balanus radiata Bruguiére, 1789: 168 .— Bruguiére 1789: pl. 164, figs 5, 5a.

Balanus radiatus .— Ranzani, 1818: 75.— Lamarck 1818: 393.— Ranzani 1820: 39.—Jay 1839: 7.

Conia radiata .— Blainville 1824: 378.— Blainville 1825: 598.—Blainville 1827: pl. 85, figs 5, 5a.

Tetraclita (Conia) radiata .— Gray 1825: 104.

Tetraclita radiata .— Darwin 1854: 343, pl. 11, figs 5, 5a.— Weltner 1897: 258.— Gruvel 1903: 161.— Gruvel 1905: 291.— Schmalz 1906: 65, pl. 6, fig. 4.— Hoek 1907: xvi.— Pilsbry 1916: 259, pl. 61.— Pilsbry 1927: 38.— Nilsson-Cantell 1939: 5.— Pope 1943: 244.— Pope 1945: 368.— Pilsbry 1953: 27.— Southward 1962: 163.— Ross 1968: 18.

Newmanella radiata .— Ross 1969: 242, figs 3, 4.— Ross & Perreault 1999: 2, 4.

Material examined. Neotype. SIO-BIC C12193. 1 specimen, near Turtle Rocks, Bimini, the Bahamas (1 Jul. 1967). Neoparatypes. SIO - BIC 12194-12198. 5 specimens, near Turtle Rocks, Bimini, the Bahamas (1 Jul. 1967). Other materials. SIO-C7218. 2 specimens, Vieques Sound, Puerto Rico, (19 Oct. 1966). SIO-C7218. 2 specimens, Vieques Sound, Puerto Rico, (19 Oct. 1966). C6056. 2 specimens, Margarita Is, Venezuela (28 May 1968). SIO- C7199. 3 specimens, Colon Bay, Panama (collection date unknown). SIO-C7204. 2 specimens, Vieques Sound, Puerto Rico (19 Oct. 1966). SIO-C7206. 1 specimen, Scotts Head Bay, Dominica (1 May 1966). C7207. 6 specimens, near Turtle Rocks, Bimini, the Bahamas (1 Jul. 1967). SIO-C7218. 2 specimens, Vieques Sound, Puerto Rico (19 Oct. 1966). C7231. 2 specimens, southern part of Gulf of Paria, midway between Trini (collection date unknown).

Diagnosis. Parietes white. Scutum with shallow lateral depressor muscle crests. Rami of cirrus II without triangular spines; basipods of cirri IV, V and VI with triangular spines. Fourth and fifth mandibular teeth adjacent. Maxillule with cutting margin below notch not protruding.

Description. Shell white, low conic; surface smooth with radiating lines ( Fig. 2 A–C). Orifice pentagonal, diamond-shaped ( Fig. 2 A–C); radii broad with horizontal striations, summits oblique; alae with summits less oblique than those of radii. Base of parietes with several rows of irregularly sized tubes, shell basis calcareous ( Fig. 2 B). Scutum triangular, height similar to width ( Fig. 2 D); dorsal surface with horizontal striations ( Fig. 2 E); ventral surface with adductor ridge long, extending from basal margin to half height of tergum ( Fig. 2 D. G); articular ridge and articular furrow narrow ( Fig. 2 D); lateral scutal depressor muscle crests shallow ( Fig. 2 D). Tergum triangular; longitudinal furrow on dorsal surface broad, shallow; spur narrow ( Fig. 2 D, E) with faciole open, tip rounded ( Fig. 2 E); articular ridge high, occupying almost 1/3 of scutum when articulated ( Fig. 2 F), deep, wide ( Fig. 2 D, G); area with lateral depressor muscle crests thin (Fig, 2D); scutal margin smooth, without conspicuous teeth ( Fig. 2 D).

Cirrus I with unequal rami; posterior ramus (14-segmented) about 2/3 length of anterior rami (21-segmented) ( Fig. 3 A); intermediate segment of posterior ramus protuberant ( Fig. 3 B); segments of anterior ramus normal; lesser curvature of both rami without spines; setae on both rami serrulate ( Fig. 3 C, D). Cirrus II with unequal rami; posterior ramus (16-segmented) about 1.5 length of anterior ramus (8-segmented) ( Fig. 3 E); setae on both rami serrulate ( Fig. 3 F, H); terminal segment of anterior ramus bearing a few bi-pinnate setae ( Fig. 3 G); lesser curvatures of segments of both rami not bearing spines. Cirrus III with posterior ramus antenniform (19- segmented), about 1.5 times length of anterior ramus anterior (10-segmented) ( Fig. 4 A); segments on lesser curvature of the both rami bearing triangular shaped spines ( Fig. 4 B–D); lesser curvature of entire anterior ramus bearing hook-shaped triangular spines ( Fig. 4 A) (observations from 6 specimens (SIO-C7207) from the Bahamas and 1 specimen (SIO-C7204) from Puerto Rico); posterior ramus with distal 3 segments not bearing hook-shaped spines ( Fig. 4 A). Cirrus III with serrulate and bidentate setae ( Fig. 4 E–H). Cirri IV–VI long, slender, anterior and posterior rami similar length ( Figs 5–6 ); basis of cirri IV–VI bearing triangular spines ( Figs 5 B, C, 6B, E); greater curvature of proximal segment of anterior rami bearing triangular spines ( Fig. 5 B, D, 6C, F). Cirrus IV, anterior ramus 22-segmented, posterior ramus 24-segmented ( Fig. 5 A), lesser curvature of anterior ramus bearing triangular spines ( Fig. 5 E–G). Cirrus V, anterior ramus 25- segmented, posterior 26-segmented ( Fig. 6 A). Cirrus VI, anterior ramus 24 segmented, posterior ramus 25 segmented ( Fig. 6 D). Cirrus IV with intermediate segments of both rami in bearing 2 pairs of long serrulate and 1 pair of short simple setae ( Fig. 5 F, H). Intermediate segments of both rami of cirri V and VI bearing 3 pairs of long serrulate and 1 pair of short simple setae ( Fig. 6 G, H). Penis basi-dorsal point absent; annulations along whole length; setae sparsely distributed ( Fig. 6 I); tip with a few bundles of setae ( Fig. 6 J).

Maxilla bi-lobate, taller than broad, serrulate setae on both lobes ( Fig. 7 A, B), surface with short spines ( Fig. 7 C). Maxillule with V-shaped notch, two large spines above notch, cutting margin below notch straight, with 10 large setae ( Fig. 7 D-F). Mandible with 5 teeth ( Fig. 7 G, H), first largest, separated from remainder, fifth smallest, located adjacent to fourth; second, third and fourth teeth bidentate, fourth with cutting edge serrated ( Fig. 7 H); lower margin straight, with ~16 fine setae; inferior angle sharp ( Fig. 7 H). Mandibulatory palp rectangular (Fig. 8A); serrulate setae on superior margin (Fig. 8B–D). Labrum with V-shaped notch (Fig. 8E–H), 5 large teeth on each side of cutting margin ( Fig. 7 G, H);

Remarks. Newmanella radiata was originally named by Martini and Chemintz (1785) in a non-binomial name as Lepas indiae orientalis ex violaceo radiata . Bruguiére (1789) was the first to give the binomial name Balanus radiata and mentioned the habitat as the Indian Ocean, but did not mention a type locality. There is no information on the deposition of any type specimens of Balanus radiata . Ross (1969) revised the Tetraclitidae and erected Newmanella , assigning Newmanella radiata as the type species and concluding that the distribution of N. radiata is from Florida to the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean. In the present study, we record a species of Newmanella from the Pacific that is morphologically close to N. radiata described by Ross (1969) from the Caribbean. Without setting up a neotype for N. radiata , the taxonomic status of N. radiata is unstable. Any Newmanella species collected in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which are similar to the shell and opercular illustrations in Bruguiére (1789), can be identified as N. radiata , as there is no type specimen and no type locality for comparison. It is, therefore, essential to designate a neotype for N. radiata to facilitate further taxonomic comparisons of morphologically close species. The present study follows the suggestion of Ross (1969) that N. radiata is confined to the Caribbean waters, selecting a specimen of N. radiata collected from Bimini in the Bahamas as the neotype.

Detailed descriptions of Newmanella radiata are scarce. Most previous literature (e.g. Bruguiére 1789; Darwin 1854; Schmalz 1906; Pilsbry 1916) described N. radiata based on shells and opercular plates (scutum and tergum). Ross (1969) was the first to provide descriptions and drawings of soft parts (cirri, penis and mouth parts) of N. radiata collected from the Caribbean. The present study further illustrates the detailed morphology of N. radiata for comparative taxonomic studies.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Newmanella radiata (Bruguiére, 1789). A, Dorsal view and B. Ventral view of external shell collected from Vieques Sound, Puerto Rico (SIO Ci 7218 - 1). C. External shell of another individual from Vieques Sound, Puerto Rico (SIO Ci 7218 - 2). D. Ventral view and E. Dorsal view of scutum and tergum from (SIO Ci 7218 - 2). F. Articulated scutum and tergum (SIO-Ci 7218 - 2). G. Scutum and tergum of sample from Bimini, the Bahamas (SIO Ci 7207), showing the parameters of scutum and tergum measured for morphological analysis. cm—carina margin, bm—basal margin, th—tergum height, sw—spur width, sh—spur height, ar—width of articular ridge, adr—distance of adductor ridge to basal margin, scw—scutum width, schscutum height.

FIGURE 3. Newmanella radiata (Bruguiére, 1789). A. Cirrus I. B. Magnified view of posterior ramus of cirrus I. C. Magnified view of anterior ramus. D. Distal segment of anterior ramus. E. Cirrus II. F. Anterior ramus. G. Blade-shaped serrulate setae on cirrus II. H. Distal segment of posterior ramus. ant—anterior ramus. pos—posterior ramus. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 4. Newmanella radiata (Bruguiére, 1789). A. Cirrus III. B. Basis of cirrus III, showing triangular spines. C. Anterior ramus, showing triangular spines. D. Magnified view of triangular spines on anterior ramus. E. Distal segment of anterior ramus, showing the serrulate setae. F Serrulate setae. G. Bidentate serrulate setae. H. Distal segment of posterior ramus. antanterior ramus. pos—posterior ramus. Double arrows indicate the segments that bear triangular spines. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 5. Newmanella radiata (Bruguiére, 1789). A. Cirrus IV. B. Proximal segments of anterior ramus. C. Basis showing triangular spines. D. Spines on greater curvature of proximal segment of anterior ramus. E. Intermediate segments of anterior and posterior rami. G. Intermediate segment of anterior ramus. G. Triangular spines on anterior ramus. H. Distal segment of anterior ramus. ant—anterior ramus. pos—posterior ramus. Double arrows indicate the segments that bear triangular spines. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 6. Newmanella radiata (Bruguiére, 1789). A. Cirrus V. B. Basis of cirrus V. C. Greater curvature on proximal segment of anterior ramus. D. Cirrus VI. E. Basis of cirrus VI. F. Greater curvature of proximal segment of anterior ramus. G. Intermediate segment of cirrus VI. H. Intermediate segments of anterior ramus. I. Penis. J. Distal end of penis. Scale bar in µm.

FIGURE 7. Newmanella radiata (Bruguiére, 1789). A. Maxilla. B. Serrulate setae on maxilla. C. Spines on surface of maxilla. D. Maxillule. E Notch of maxillule. F. Cutting margin of maxillule below notch. G. Mandible. H. Teeth 1 – 4 of mandible. Scale bar in µm.