Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini, 2019

Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2019, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81 - 90, Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5), pp. 57-95 : 65-69

82. Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini , sp. nov.

( Figs 6-8 )

Distinct from similar looking Laccaria spp. mainly by nrITS data and the large basidiomata with pileus measuring 40-95 mm diam. and stipe 80-150 × 12-65 mm.

TYPUS. — India. Sikkim, South district, between Rayong and Damthang , 27°15.258’N, 88°21.643’E, 2244 m a.s.l., under Castanopsis sp. in temperate broadleaf forest, 24.VIII.2017, Kanad Das, KD 17-20 (holo-, CAL [ CAL 1754 ]!).

MYCOBANK. — MB 830142.

GENBANK. — MK584157 (nrITS, holotype), MK575505 (nrITS).

ETYMOLOGY. — Referring to the Indian Himalaya (“indohimalayana”) in the state of Sikkim, the type locality.

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. Sikkim:East district, Fambon Lho wildlife sanctuary, 27°21.631’N, 88°33.922’E, 2098 m a.s.l., under Castanopsis sp. in temperate broadleaf forest, 26.VIII.2017, Kanad Das, KD 17-46 (CAL[CAL 1755]).

DESCRIPTION

Pileus

40-95 mm diam., plano-convex to applanate, gradually infundibuliform when mature and radially sulcate throughout; surface glabrous, hygrophanous, brownish orange/Sahara when wet and light orange when dry; margin wavy to irregularly lobed, sometimes slightly uplifted at maturity.

Lamellae

Subdecurrent, subdistant to rather close (8-9/cm at pileus margin) at maturity, greyish red to dull red or paler or concolorous to pileus, unchanging on bruising; edge entire; lamellulae present in 5 series.

Stipe

80-150 × 12-65 mm, twisted, strongly fibrillose-striate, darker than pileus, brown with silky to pinkish fibrils, surface wet, base strigose with whitish to pink-white basal mycelium.

Context

Pithy.

Odor

Strong fungal smell.

Spore print

White.

Basidiospores

6.88-7.60-8.26 × 6.59-7.19-8.09 Μm, (n = 30, Q = 1.01-1.02- 1.13), mostly subglobose, sometimes globose; ornamentation inamyloid, echinulate; under SEM ornamentations composed of long dense spinoid warts (0.9-1.5 × 0.8-1.0 Μm) with intermediate small isolated warts (0.4 × 0.5 Μm) never forming any reticulum, with shorter warts always surrounding hilum area; hilum blunt; suprahilar plage inamyloid.

Basidia

25-44 × 9-11.5 Μm, clavate or rarely subclavate, 2- to 4-spored; mature sterigmata 3-7.5 × 2-2.5 Μm.

True hymenial cystidia

Absent.

Sterile cells on face of lamellae

Common, 15.5-39 × 3-5 Μm, mostly cylindrical with rounded apex, often with sub-fusoid apex, thin-walled, hyaline.

Sterile cells on edge of lamellae

18.8-28.6 × 3.6-6.0 Μm, cylindrical with rounded to subfusoid apex, thin-walled, hyaline.

Hymenophoral trama

Up to 95 Μm thick, composed of subparallel to interwoven, cylindrical, hyaline hyphae (3-5.5 Μm wide); subhymenium undifferentiated.

Pileipellis

Up to 100 Μm thick, a cutis composed of repent, parallel to subparallel, mostly interwoven, cylindrical, hyaline, with walls up to 1 Μm thick, hyphae (4.5-9.5 Μm wide).

Stipitipellis

Composed of repent, subparallel, interwoven, cylindrical, hyaline hyphae (3-10 Μm wide);

Caulocystidia

Absent.

Clamp-connections

Present in all tissues.

NOTES

This Asian species is characterized by the combination of a large (40-95 mm diam.) brownish orange pileus,very tall (80-150 mm) darker stipe with white basal mycelium and strigose base,mediumsized globose to subglobose (Q = 1.01-1.02-1.13) basidiospores ornamented with isolated spines up to 1.5 Μm high mixed with smaller intermediate warts, and its occurrence under broadleaf trees in temperate forests.Some species like Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke , L. proxima (Boud.) Pat. , L. torosa H.J. Cho &Y.W.Lim , L. pseudomontana Osmundson et al. , L. versiforma H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim are somewhat similar, but all these close taxa have a much smaller pileus and shorter stipe. Moreover, the European L. laccata has subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (Q = 1-1.3) basidiospores, while the European L. proxima has also subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (Q = 1.2-1.35), larger basidiospores (8-11[12.5] ×[6.5]7-8.7[9.2] Μm) with spines <1Μm high, and a pileus which is squamulose at centre. The Asian L. torosa lacks a strigose stipe base with white basal mycelium, while L. versiforma possesses spines “1 Μm in length”.The North American L. pseudomontana has basidiospores with fine spines “1 (-1.8) Μm in length, 0.4- 0.6 Μm wide at base” ( Mueller 1992; Vellinga 1995; Osmundson et al. 2005; Vesterholt 2012; Cho et al. 2018). Another recently discovered Indian species, L. violaceotincta K.P.D. Latha et al. , occurs in the tropical region and has distinctively smaller greyish violet coloured basidiomata with pileus 4-38 mm diam. and stipe 16-50 × 1.5-4 mm ( Latha et al. 2019).

Our nrITS-based phylogenetic analysis ( Fig.6 ) suggests, however without support, that the new species ( MK584157 and MK575505 ) is sister to a subclade bearing L.proxima ( JX504152 ) and two samples from Portugal,submitted in NCBI as L.bicolor , but apparently representing a still undescribed species.Other suggested, phylogenetically close species include the Asian L. parva H.J. Cho & Y.W. Lim and American L. pseudomontana .

Order RUSSULALES Kreisel ex P.M.Kirk, P.F.Cannon & J.C.David Family RUSSULACEAE Lotsy

Figures

FIG. 6. — A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram inferred from raxmlGUI (Silvestro & Michalak 2012) based on nrITS sequences. One thousand bootstrap replicates were analyzed to obtain the nodal support values. Bootstrap support values (>70%) obtained from ML analysis are shown above or below the branches at nodes. Two collections (KD 17-20 and KD 17-46) of the novel Indian species Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini, sp. nov., are shown in bold red with GenBank accession numbers MK584157 and MK575505 respectively.

FIG. 7. — Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini, sp. nov. (KD 17-20, holotype): A, B, fresh basidiomata in the field and basecamp; C, lamellae; D, E, transverse section through pileipellis; F-H, sterile elements on the face of the lamellae; I, 2- to 4-spored basidia; J, K, sterile elements on the edge of the lamellae; L, transverse section through stipitipellis; M, N, basidiospores under SEM. Scale bars: D-L, 10 µm; M, N, 2 µm.

FIG. 8. — Line drawings of Laccaria indohimalayana K. Das, I. Bera & Vizzini, sp. nov. (KD 17-20, holotype): A, basidiospores; B, basidia; C, sterile elements on face of the lamellae; D, sterile elements on edge of lamellae; E, hyphal elements in pileipellis. Scale bars: A-E, 10 µm.