Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921

Bertani, Rogério, 2023, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) with notes on related genera, Zootaxa 5390 (1), pp. 1-116 : 68-78

Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921

( Figs 12 , 16 ─18, 165─202)

Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921: 338 , 344; 1923: 244, 253, f. 90, 101, 155; Petrunkevitch 1939: 241; Roewer 1942: 251; Bonnet 1957: 2357; World Spider Catalog 2023.

Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leitão, 1921: 337 , 340; 1923: 244, 248, f. 94, 163; Petrunkevitch 1939: 239; Roewer 1942: 250; Bonnet 1957: 2356; World Spider Catalog 2023. New synonymy.

Diagnosis. Lasiodora subcanens males and females resemble those of L. camurujipe n. sp., L. sertaneja n. sp. (part) and L. klugi (part) by having spiniform setae not limited to the upper area of retrolateral maxilla ( Figs 176 ─177). They can be distinguished from those of L. klugi (part) and L. sertaneja n. sp. (part) by having the distal maxilla covered with several spiniform setae on most of its upper, median and lower areas; whereas, in these two species normally, there are only a few spiniform setae on the median and lower areas. From L. camurujipe n. sp., they differ by the retrolateral distal maxilla being covered with several short spiniform setae; and by the abundant whitish setae covering most carapace, dorsal chelicerae and legs ( Figs 199 ─200).

Type material. Lectotype male, two paralectotypes males, paralectotype immature male and paralectotype female, here designated, of Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921 , from Brazil, state of Espirito Santo, Rio Doce , E. Garbe col., 1906, MZUSP 132 , examined ( Figs 187 ─196) . Holotype immature male of Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leitão, 1921 , from Brazil, state of Espírito Santo, Rio Doce , Garbe col., 1906, deposited at MZUSP 142 , examined ( Figs 197 ─198) .

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Paraíba: without locality, 1 male ( IBSP ref. 29527) ; Pernambuco: Olinda [7°59’S, 34°50’W], 1 male, J. C. Silva, ref. 54968 ( IBSP 6385 ) ; Minas Gerais: Manhumirim [20°21’S, 41°57’W], 1 female, 2 April 1970, ref. 4689 ( IBSP 4057 ) ; Espírito Santo: without locality, 1 male, E. Nahada, 9 March 1959 ( IBSP 3499 ) ; 1 male, H. J. S. Neto, ref. 56206 ( IBSP 6389 ) ; Afonso Cláudio [20°4’S, 41°7’W], 1 female, without collector data, 12 November 1988 ( IBSP 11007 ) ; Aracruz [19°49’S, 40°16’W], 1 female, Aracruz Florestal S /A, 7 October 1986, ref. 53010 ( IBSP 7960 ) ; 1 female, without collector data, 7 October 1986 ( IBSP Ref. 53010) ; 1 female, 7 October 1986, Ref. 53010 ( IBSP 8967 ) ; between Aracruz and Coqueiral , 1 male, February 1981, ref. 29477 ( IBSP 4868 ) ; Cachoeiro de Itapemirim [20°50’S, 41°7’W], 1 female, no collector data ( IBSP Ref. 42110) ; 1 male, A. Cerruti ( MNRJ 13719 ) ; Colatina [19°32’S, 40°37’W], 1 male, 1 immature male, A. Algiesi, January 1979, ref. 24091 ( IBSP 4597 ) ; 1 male, U. V. Oliveira, 16 February 1968 ( IBSP 3847 ) ; Ibiraçu (19°47’06.6”S, 40°25’29.2”W), 1 male, F. R. Ortiz, 14 December 2017 ( MNRJ 7762 ) ; Iconha [20°47’S, 40°48’W], 1 male, N. F. Nunes, ref. 53567 ( IBSP 6380 ) ; 1 male, same collector, ref. 54018 ( IBSP 6383 ) ; Iuna [20°21’S, 41°32’W], 1 female, I. C. Machado, 20 January 1989, ref. 57991 ( IBSP 9904 ) ; Santa Teresa [19°56’S, 40°35’W], 1 male, M. Rocon ( MNRJ 13730 ) ; Santa Teresa, Santa Lucia biological station [19°58’S, 40°32’W], 1 immature male, Exp. Aracné, 13–18 January 2004 ( MNRJ 12918 ) ; 1 male, R. L. Kollmam, 5 April 1999, in a house backyard ( MNRJ 12934 ) ; Serra Pelada [20°0’S, 41°1’W], 1 female, Distrito Eclesiástico Serandú, 24 September 1986, ref. 52948 ( IBSP 7977 ) ; Vila Velha [20°20’S, 40°17’W], 2 males, A. A. Balbino, February 1983, ref. 43430 ( IBSP 4758 ) ; Vila Velha, Cobras island [20°19’S, 40°18’W], 1 male, R. A. K. Ribeiro & C. A. Falcetti, 27 January 2002 ( IBSP 9546 ) ; Vitoria [20°17’S, 40°17’W], 1 male, 28 February 1977, ref. 20079 ( IBSP 3915 ) ; 1 female, without collection data ( IBSP 6451 ) ; 1 male, P. Wiemer, 3 May 1965 ( IBSP 3915 ) ; Vitória, Sitio Estância Sol Nascente, Tabuleiro , 1 female, abdomen missing, A. Piuchi, 17 January 1990, ref. 61494 ( IBSP 10097 ) ; Vitoria, Boi island [20°18’S, 40°16’W], 1 female, J. L. Gasparini, February 1994 ( MZUSP 27621 ) ; Rio de Janeiro: without locality, 2 males, S. S. Ricci, ref. 56134 ( IBSP 6394 ) ; 3 immature males, L. Mariano, ref. 77788 ( IBSP 6902 ) ; Arraial do Cabo [22°57’S, 42°1’W], 1 male, 2 unidentifiable immatures, Prof. B. Manchal, 9 March 1980 ( MNRJ 7763 ) ; Campos [21°45’S, 41°19’W], 1 male, without collector data ( IBSP Ref. 82256) ; Campos, Saco da Anta , 1 female, N. Baptista, 24 May 1979, ref. 25258 ( IBSP 4451 ) ; Campos, Bacia Italva (close to Cimento Paraiso ), 1 male, 3 immatures, J. F. Pinheiro & R. M. Cruz, 18–22 February 1980 ( MNRJ 13698 ) ; Petrópolis [22°30’S, 43°10’W], 1 immature male, A. Beltrão, June 1984 ( MNRJ 12938 ) ; 1 female, same collector, 6 April 1984 ( MNRJ 12911 T.59) ; Vassouras [22°24’S, 43°40’W], 1 female, 29 December 1967 ( IBSP 3836 ) ; São Paulo: São Paulo [23°34’S, 46°36’W], 1 male, Angelo, 31 March 1954 ( IBSP 3354 ) ; Osasco [23°32’S, 46°47’W], 1 male, M. Balduino, 16 March 2002, ref. 88949 ( IBSP 9603 ) .

Redescription. Male (IBSP 4758). Carapace 23.56 long, 22.55 wide, chelicera 11.20. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 23.96, 11.49, 19.63, 19.21, 10.50, 84.79. II: 22.41, 10.88, 18.03, 18.81, 9.88, 80.01. III: 20.19, 9.46, 16.62, 19.61, 9.02, 74.90. IV: 22.86, 10.19, 20.27, 26.84, 10.21, 90.37. Palp: 14.44, 8.24, 12.11, –, 5.04, 39.83. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 3.89, 4.34, 5.59, 4.15, palp = 3.05; patellae I–IV = 4.40, 4.33, 4.26, 4.24, palp = 3.50; tibiae I–IV = 3.58, 3.17, 3.31, 3.25, palp = 3.69; metatarsi I–IV = 2.21, 2.24, 2.33, 2.31; tarsi I–IV = 1.99, 1.84, 1.93, 1.85, palp = 3.39. Abdomen 23.52 long, 14.45 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.76 long, 0.81 wide, 1.10 apart; PLS, 3.72 basal, 2.85 middle, 3.99 distal; midwidths 1.77, 1.45, 1.04, respectively.

Carapace: 1.04 longer than wide; cephalic area moderately raised, thoracic striae conspicuous. Fovea: 2.89 wide. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 1.11 high, 2.28 long, 2.94 wide. Clypeus 0.52 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.58, ALE 0.80, PME 0.44, PLE 0.59, AME–AME 0.65, AME–ALE 0.36, AME–PME 0.21, ALE–ALE 1.89, ALE–PME 0.44, PME–PME 1.59, PME– PLE 0.14, PLE–PLE 2.16, ALE–PLE 0.37, AME–PLE 0.53. Eye group 2.83 wide, 1.50 long. Maxilla: Length 7.42, width 4.38. Cuspules: ca. 308 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.86 long, 3.81 wide, with ca. 103 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Chelicera: basal segment with 11 teeth in row on promargin and denticles in basal area. Sternum: 10.39 long, 8.45 wide.

Legs: leg formula: I = IV II III. Length leg IV to I: 1.06. Stridulatory apparatus: Retrolateral maxilla: small to large spiniform setae on distal upper, middle and lower areas, interspersed with some plumose setae ( Figs 171 ─172). Leg I prolateral coxa: confluence of sutures region with 6 brownish, elongated, somewhat spatulated stridulatory setae and several short ones (Figs 173─174). Region above sutures with plumose setae and some curved spiniform setae. Region below sutures covered with plumose setae having no incrassate base (Fig. 175). Coxa I retrolateral face covered with plumose setae and a group of small spiniform setae on upper region. Retrolateral face of coxae II─ III lacking spiniform setae. Coxa II prolateral face with same apparatus as in leg I; in legs III and IV, the stridulatory setae are very slender. Scopula: Tarsi I – IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I ─II fully scopulated; III 1 /2, IV 1 /4 distal. Metatarsus IV divided by row of 3─4 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia 0-1-0, p4-3-2; leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-1ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-3ap, p0-1-0, metatarsus v0-0- 2ap; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-2-2ap, p1-2-1, r0-1-1, metatarsus v1-4-3ap, p0-1-1, r1-0-1; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v1-5-3(1ap), p0-1-0, metatarsus v21(4ap), p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.31─0.36; LA, I, 0.37─0.42; MM, III, 0.69─0.74; LM, I, 0.40─0.43. MP and LP regions bald.

Palp ( Figs 165 –167). Palpal bulb pyriform, embolus slightly shorter than tegulum length, slightly flattened laterally at distal region, apex short and thick. Prolateral keels present. PS forming embolus edge distally. A present, short. R present, sharp, with a series of denticles on its edge. SA present, well developed. Bifid tibial spur (Figs 168─169) with processes originating from common base, both straight, retrolateral longest and with a curvature at its distal portion. A single, flattened, rhomboidal spine contiguous to the internal upper face of retrolateral process, and three such spines at the internal face of prolateral process. Metatarsus I curved at its basal third, when folded touches apex of retrolateral process.

Color pattern (in alcohol): Carapace, chelicerae and legs black. Carapace and chelicerae covered with a dense layer of whitish setae. Longer setae on legs whitish. Coxae of legs ventrally and sternum reddish brown, covered with short dark brown setae and longer brown scattered setae. Labium and maxillae reddish brown. Abdomen dorsally black, and ventrally dark brown with abundant long light brown setae. Femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi of legs and palp with conspicuous whitish stripes. Apex of leg segments with whitish rings on apex.

Redescription. Female (MZUSP 27621). Carapace 28.26 long, 26.42 wide, chelicera 17.31. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 20.19, 12.63, 16.45, 15.11, 8.60, 72.98. II: 18.47, 11.44, 14.56, 14.26, 8.04, 66.77. III: 16.75, 10.05, 12.89, 14.74, 7.90, 62.33. IV: 19.80, 10.40, 15.92, 20.20, 8.39, 74.71. Palp: 14.99, 9.36, 11.23, –, 9.44, 45.02. Midwidths: femora I–IV = 4.38, 4.45, 5.20, 4.62, palp = 3.48; patellae I–IV = 4.68, 4.69, 4.58, 4.66, palp = 4.00; tibiae I–IV = 3.96, 3.83, 3.78, 3.73, palp = 3.37; metatarsi I–IV = 2.97, 2.81, 2.71, 2.70; tarsi I–IV = 2.75, 2.77, 2.77, 2.67, palp = 2.93. Abdomen 29.91 long, 25.12 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 3.64 long, 1.31 wide, 1.66 apart; PLS, 4.34 basal, 3.27 middle, 4.91 distal; midwidths 2.15, 1.81, 1.32, respectively.

Carapace: 1.07 longer than wide; cephalic area noticeably raised, thoracic striae deep. Fovea: 4.85 wide. Eyes and eye tubercle: Tubercle 1.10 high, 2.57 long, 3.69 wide. Clypeus 0.87 wide. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.68, ALE 0.78, PME 0.37, PLE 0.73, AME–AME 0.61, AME–ALE 0.59, AME–PME 0.34, ALE–ALE 2.50, ALE–PME 0.59, PME–PME 1.90, PME–PLE 0.26, PLE–PLE 2.94, ALE–PLE 0.65, AME–PLE 0.91. Eye group 3.70 wide, 1.79 long. Maxillae: Length 8.60, width 5.88. Cuspules: ca. 365 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 3.74 long, 4.95 wide, with 223 cuspules spaced by ca. one diameter from each other on anterior third center. Chelicera: basal segment with 14 teeth in row on promargin and denticles in basal area. Sternum: 12.04 long, 10.49 wide.

Legs: leg formula: I = IV II III. Length leg IV to I: 1.02. Stridulatory apparatus: Retrolateral maxilla: small to large spiniform setae on the distal upper, middle and lower areas, interspersed with some plumose setae ( Figs 176 ─177). Leg I prolateral coxa: confluence of sutures region with 6 brownish, elongated, somewhat spatulated stridulatory setae and several short ones (Figs178─179). Region above sutures with plumose setae and some curved spiniform setae. Region below sutures covered with plumose setae having no incrassate base (Fig. 180). Coxa I retrolateral face covered with plumose setae and a group of small spiniform setae on the upper region. Retrolateral face of coxae II─III lacking spiniform setae. Coxa II prolateral face with same apparatus as in coxa Il; in coxae III and IV, the stridulatory setae are very slender. Scopula: Tarsi I–IV fully scopulate. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulated; III 1/2, IV 1/3 distal. Metatarsus IV divided by row of 2–3 setae. Spination: palp: femur p0-0-1ap, patella 0, tibia v1-3-3ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-0; leg I: femur p0-0-1, patella 0, tibia v0-0-2ap, metatarsus v0-0-1ap; leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-0-2ap, p0-1-1, metatarsus v1-0-3ap; leg III: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-2-2ap, p1-1-1, r0-1-0, metatarsus v6-0-4(3ap), p1-1-1, r0-1-0; leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia v0-1-5(2ap), p0-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus v23(4ap), p0-1- 1, r0-1-1. Urticating setae: Position, type and length range: MA, I, 0.27–0.30; LA, I, 0.27–0.30; MM, I, 0.52–0.55, several intermediates between I and III; LM, I, 0.29–0.31; MP, only intermediates between I and III, 0.51–0.58; LP, I, 0.31–0.35.

Spermathecae (Fig. 170): Two short spermathecae separated by heavily sclerotized short area, spermathecal stalk considerably narrower than spermathecal bulb.

Color pattern: As in male.

Remarks. The holotype immature male of Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leitão, 1921 deposited at MZUSP has the retrolateral maxilla with several spiniform setae on its upper, medium and lower distal areas (Fig. 198) and the body covered with whitish setae, diagnostic characters of L. subcanens . The type locality, Rio Doce (Doce River) in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil and the collector and year, Garbe, 1906, are the same as for Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921 . Therefore, I consider that Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leitão, 1921 and Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921 are synonyms. Mello-Leitão (1921) described Lasiodora dulcicola in page 340, whereas L. subcanens was described in page 344 of the same article. However, as the first reviser ( ICZN 1999, Article 24.2), and taking into account that L. dulcicola holotype is an immature male, I choose Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921 as senior synonym of Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leitão, 1921 .

Distribution. Brazil, from southern state of Espirito Santo in the north to state of Rio de Janeiro in the south and state of Minas Gerais close to the boundary of state of Espirito Santo in the west ( Figs 201 ─202). The Rio Doce (Doce River) seems to be a dispersal barrier to the north, and maybe the Paraíba do Sul River, a barrier to the south. However, there are some records for the Rio de Janeiro city and other localities that seems probable. Other records for the state of São Paulo and mountains near Petropolis in the state of Rio de Janeiro seems questionable (see distribution and notes on natural history of Lasiodora above).

Natural history. Lasiodora subcanens occurs in areas of Brazilian Atlantic Forest, from the shore line to 700 m a. s. l.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Strict consensus of three cladograms obtained with setk.run and concavity 7.8125. All characters non-additive. Fit = 7.38251, length = 161.30. Absolute/relative Bremer support are in each node. The names of the genera and species in the cladogram are in accordance with the results obtained in the cladistic analysis carried out here, and do not consider the new genera and transfers proposed by Galleti-Lima et al. 2023.

FIGURES 165─170. Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921. (165–169) male (IBSP 4758). (165–167) left palp bulb. 165, retrolateral. 166, prolateral. 167, dorsal. (168─169) left tibial apophysis. 168, ventral. 169, prolateral. 170, female (MZUSP 27621), spermathecae. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 171─175. Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921, male (IBSP 4758), stridulatory apparatus. (171─172) left maxilla, retrolateral. 171, general view. 172, detail of spiniform setae on upper, middle and lower areas. (173─175) left coxa I, prolateral. 173, general view. 174, detail of stridulatory setae. 175, detail of area below suture. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 176─180. Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921, female (MZUSP 27621), stridulatory apparatus. (176─177) left maxilla, retrolateral. 176, general view. 177, detail of spiniform setae on upper, middle and lower areas. (178─180) left coxa I, prolateral. 178, general view. 179, detail of stridulatory setae. 180, detail of area below suture. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 187─192. Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921, male lectotype (MZUSP 132). (187─188) left palp bulb. 187, retrolateral. 188, prolateral. (189─190) left coxa I, prolateral. 189, general view. 190, detail of stridulatory setae. 191, left maxilla, retrolateral. 192, left tibial apophysis, ventral. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 197─198. Lasiodora dulcicola Mello-Leitão, 1921, holotype immature male (MZUSP 142). 197, left coxa I, prolateral. 198, right maxilla, retrolateral. Scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 199─200. Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921, live. 199, male, Vila Velha, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. 200, female, São José do Calçado, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Photos: Rogério Bertani.

FIGURES 201─202. Maps showing records of Lasiodora subcanens Mello-Leitão, 1921 in southeastern Brazil. 201, relief. 202, biomes. Forested areas on Fig. 202 are in green shades (Brazilian Atlantic Forest). Brown areas are of Cerrado. “?” represents dubious record.

FIGURES 8–15. Stridulatory setae of prolateral coxa I, males. 8, L. parahybana, Brazil, state of Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho. 9, L. sertaneja n. sp. (IBSP 4127B). 10, L. camurujipe n. sp. (MNRJ 7764). 11, L. franciscana n. sp. (IBSP 8050). 12, L. subcanens (IBSP 9546). 13, L. klugi (MNRJ 7742). 14, L. benedeni (IBSP 84328). 15, L. klugi, Brazil, state of Bahia, Ilhéus. Scale bar = 1 mm.