Liogenys species

Cherman, Mariana A., Basílio, Daniel S., Mise, Kleber M., Frisch, Johannes, Smith, Andrew B. T. & Almeida, Lúcia M., 2021, Liogenys Guerin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) of northern South America and Central America: taxonomic overview with four new species, Zootaxa 4990 (2), pp. 201-226 : 203

Key to Liogenys species from northern South America and Central America

1. Clypeus bidentate ( Fig. 5A–B ), only anterior margin of clypeus indented; distal maxillary palpomere evenly convex, without a fovea…................................................................... Liogenys macropelma Bates, 1887

- Clypeus quadridentate ( Fig. 1A–D ), anterior and lateral margin of clypeus indented; distal maxillary palpomere with an elongate, concave fovea................................................................................ 2

2. Angle between lateral and anterior teeth on clypeus slightly or strongly acute ( Fig. 1C ); males with lateral expansion along the parameres length entirely visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 1F )...................................................... 3

- Angle between lateral and anterior teeth on clypeus right or obtuse ( Fig. 1A ); males with lateral expansion along the parameres at least partially hidden in dorsal view or absent ( Fig. 1E )..................................................... 4

3. Frons and clypeus glabrous ( Fig. 1C–D ); angle between lateral and anterior teeth on clypeus strongly acute; pronotum moderate coarsely punctate; males with pygidium convex medially ( Fig. 7D ) and females with pygidium strongly inflated ( Fig. 7E )...................................................................... Liogenys quadridentata Blanchard, 1851

- Frons and clypeus with bristles ( Fig. 2C ); angle between lateral and anterior teeth on clypeus slightly acute; pronotum strongly coarsely punctate; pygidium almost flat, sometimes slightly depressed medially ( Fig. 2F )............................................................................................ Liogenys clipeosetosa Cherman , new species

4. Ventrites II, III, and sometimes IV with tubercles medially, tubercles variable in strength ( Fig. 8E )...................................................................................... Liogenys schneiderae Cherman , new species

- All ventrites smooth, without tubercles.................................................................... 5

5. Clypeal emargination clearly wider than the dorsal diameter of one eye ( Fig. 1B )..... Liogenys quadridens ( Fabricius, 1798)

- Clypeal emargination as wide as or narrower than the dorsal diameter of one eye ( Fig. 4B )........................... 6

6. Body and pronotum purplish brown, strongly darker than elytra; clypeal emargination strongly angulate; pronotum with anterolateral margin reflexed ( Fig. 3C ); pygidium without sexual dimorphism, weakly convex in both sexes.......................................................................... Liogenys genieri Smith & Cherman , new species

- Body and pronotum reddish brown, slightly darker than elytra; clypeal emargination rounded; pronotum with anterolateral margin not reflexed, pygidium weakly convex in males and strongly convex to inflated in females....................................................................................... Liogenys granadina Cherman , new species

Figures

FIGURE 1. Clypeus and pronotum: Liogenys quadridens (Fabricius, 1798) A) male, B) female; L. quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 C) male, D) female. Parameres of E) L. quadridens and F) L. clipeosetosa Cherman new species. Black arrows indicate: A, C) angle between anterior and lateral teeth on clypeus; lateral expansion along the parameres F) entirely visible or E) partially hidden, E) disc of subapical portion and base of apex elevated.

FIGURE 2. Liogenys clipeosetosa Cherman new species male holotype views: A) dorsal, B-C) dorsal and clypeus of female, D) lateral, E) posterior, F) posterolateral of pygidium, and parameres G) dorsal and H) lateral. Black arrow indicates the F) medial depression of pygidium.

FIGURE 3. Liogenys genieri Smith & Cherman new species male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) detail of anterolateral margin of pronotum reflexed, D) lateral, E) pygidium, and parameres E) dorsal and F) lateral.

FIGURE 4. Liogenys granadina Cherman new species male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) lateral, D) pygidium, and parameres E) dorsal and F) lateral.

FIGURE 5. Liogenys gebieni Moser, 1921 lectotype views: A) dorsal, B) dorsal of female paralectotype, C) labels, D) lateral, E) pygidium, and dorsal view of F) one paramere compared with G) parameres of the Liogenys macropelma Bates, 1887 lectotype.

FIGURE 7. Liogenys quadridentata Blanchard, 1851 male lectotype views: A) dorsal, B) labels, C) pygidium, D) lateral, E) lateral of pygidium in females, and parameres F) dorsal and G) lateral. Black arrow indicates the E) inflated pygidium of females.

FIGURE 8. Liogenys schneiderae Cherman new species male holotype views: A) dorsal, B) clypeus and pronotum, C) lateral, D) pygidium, E) ventral of abdomen, black arrows indicate the tubercles at ventrites II–III, and parameres F) dorsal and G) lateral.