Macrocypraea cervinetta (Kiener, 1843)

Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. & Cavallari, Daniel C., 2020, A new species of Macrocypraea (Gastropoda, Cypraeidae) from Trindade Island, Brazil, including phenotypic differentiation from remaining congeneric species, PLoS ONE (e 0225963) 15 (1), pp. 1-26 : 20

Macrocypraea cervinetta (Kiener, 1843)

Fig 12A–12F

Synonymy see [ 3]. Complement:

Cypraea cervinetta Kiener, 1843 : pl. 6, Figs 1 and 2 .

Macrocypraea cervinetta : Meyer, 2003[ 16]: 411; 2004[ 20]: 135; Simone, 2004[ 3]: 39, Figs 5 and 6 , 71, 144–153; Paulay & Meyer, 2006[ 21]: 273, Table 2; Soriano, 2006[ 22]: 49, Table 3; Guevara-Fletcher et al., 2011[ 17]: 8, Table 5; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2012[ 23]: 286,

Table 1; Landa-Jaime et al., 2013[ 24]: 1125, Table 1; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2014[ 25]: 555,

Table 1, Fig 2J (17); Lorenz, 2017[ 2]: 289, text. figure., pl. 60; Torreblanca-Ramírez et al., 2017 [ 26]: 86, Table 1, Fig 2 (52).

Distribution. Gulf of California, Pacific Central to South America.

Material examined. As in [ 3].

Measurements. As in [ 3].

Remarks. The only representative of the genus in the Pacific. Conchologically, it can be readily distinguished from the remaining species by the marked anterior widening of the aperture ( Fig 12A and 12B ). Most other shell characters such as color, width/height ratio, and general outline overlap with M. zebra in varying degrees. The pair of anterior projections flanking canal relatively short (~1/12 of shell length; Fig 12B and 12C ), left edge oblique. Inner lip slope with relatively short, spaces teeth, mostly positioned perpendicular to longitudinal axis ( Fig 12E ). Anatomically, it differs from the remaining species of the genus in having a more anterior origin of the auricle; kidney with ventral lobe bearing a mosaic of pores instead of longitudinal folds; narrower rachidian tooth; narrower seminal vesicle; and a straighter penis with a rounder tip (Simone, 2004). Simone (2004) reported no significant anatomical differences between individuals from the Gulf of California (i.e., M. cervinetta californica ) and the Central-South America (nominal subspecies). Conchological distinctions between the two subspecies were discussed by Lorenz (2017: 290).

Figures

Fig 1. Schematic map of Americas showing approximate extension of the four studied species, color as indicated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g001

Fig 2. Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types. (A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed.

Fig 5. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g005

Fig 6. Macrocypraea mammoth anatomy. (A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm.

Fig 12. Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan). (A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225963.g012