Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872)

Winterscheid, Heinrich, 2020, Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene, Phytotaxa 428 (2), pp. 113-121 : 116-118

Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872)

Fig. 3A–E .

Replaced synonym:— Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber , seeds according to Ludwig (1860: 122; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 9–12 [semina], non fig. 13 [folium]).

Lectotype (designated here):—[ MB. Pb. 2005/0627.1 (orig.-no. 135)!], illustrated in: Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 10, as Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber ), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 38), repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin ( MfN), Rudolph Ludwig collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”).

Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2005/0627 (orig.-no. 135)!].

Notes:—The first indication of an assigned name for the here-treated seeds of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen is a label in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, written by Alexander Braun possibly in 1850: “Semina ‘ Carpolithes lignit . Bronn’ / Salzhausen”. The following synonyms have also been utilized in the literature for these fossil seeds, but some of them were originally erected for fossil leaf-remains.

The first name in the literature is Anona lignitum Unger (1850: 441–442 —folia) and Unger (1860: 25; pl. 10, pro parte: fig. 7—semen; non figs 1–6—folia) from Salzhausen, which was published by Unger (1850) for leaves; only one seed was illustrated by Unger (1860) without visible specific traits and hence this name should only be used for leaf-remains. Later, Mai newly combined Anona lignitum to Magnolia lignita ( Unger 1860) Mai (1975: 571–575 ; pl. 35, figs 34–38; pl. 36, figs 39–49; pl. 37, figs 50–58).

Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) in Ludwig (1860: 122–123; pl. 47, pro parte: figs 9–12—semina; non fig. 13—folia) also refers to seeds and leaf-remains, but Magnolia attenuata C.O. Weber (1852: 192–193; pl. 22, fig. 1) was originally erected for late Oligocene leaves from fluviatile deposits in the Siebengebirge area near Bonn, and is therefore not available for fossil seeds. In the protologue of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingshausen (1868: 871–872 ; sine figuris), Ettingshausen refers to leaves and seeds of Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) illustrated in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 9–13). He stated that the leaf pictured in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 13) cannot attributed to Magnolia attenuata C.O.Weber 1852 because of different morphological traits, thus he only included the seeds in Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, fig. 9–12) to the taxon Magnolia ludwigii . Formally, Ettingshausen made Magnolia ludwigii a formal nomen novum for the seeds illustrated as Magnolia attenuata (non C.O.Weber 1852) by Ludwig (1860: pl. 47, figs 9–12). Subsequently Kirchheimer established a new name— Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1936: 85–86 ; pl. 8, fig. 1a–q)—for the above mentioned synonyms of Magnolia -seeds from the Miocene brown-coal of Bad Salzhausen in Vogelsberg, but he disregarded the priority of the previously published name Magnolia ludwigii by Ettingshausen (1868).

Occurrence and habitat:—In central Europe in late Oligocene and Miocene brown-coal and sand deposits of swampy and fluviatile habitats. In early Pliocene in southern Poland ( Mai 1975) and northern Italy ( Martinetto 1999), up to middle Pliocene in central Italy ( Martinetto 2001).

= Magnolia lignita ( Unger 1860) Mai (1975: 571–575 ; pl. 35, figs 34–38; pl. 36, figs 39–49; pl. 37, figs 50–58), syn. nov.

Basionym:— Anona lignitum Unger (1860: 25 ; pl. 10, pro parte: fig. 7 [semen]; non figs 1–6 [folia]).

Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1935: 717 , 720; text-figs 7–8), nom. nud.

Magnolia sinuata Kirchheimer (1936: 85–86 ; pl. 8, fig. 1a–q).

Lectotype (designated here):—[ MB. Pb. 2016/2470.1!], repository: Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin ( MfN), Alexander Braun collection. Locus typicus: Germany. Hesse: Wetterau, Bad Salzhausen near Nidda. Stratum typicum: Middle Miocene (Langhian), intravolcanic brown-coal deposits (“ Carpolithen-Kohle von Salzhausen ”).

Syntypes:—[MB.Pb.2016/2470.2!], illustrated in: Kirchheimer (1936: pl. 8, figs 1b–h, as Magnolia sinuata Kirchh. ), Mai (1975: pl. 35, fig. 34); [MB.Pb.2016/2470.3!].

Note:—The “ holotype,” designated by Mai (1975: 572), refers to the pictured specimen in Unger (1860: pl. 10, fig. 7) and not to a collection- or gathering-specimen. The database query on “OeTyp—Catalogue of Palaeontological Types in Austrian Collections”, available from: “https://www.oeaw.ac.at/cgi-bin/oetyp/query/” (accessed: 22 July 2019), did not match any result regarding seeds of Anona lignitum Unger.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh., Salzhausen near Nidda (Germany); middle Miocene (Langhian) brown coal of intravolcanic sediment deposits.A. Lectotype (white arrow) of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh. [MB.Pb.2005/0627.1] with syntypes. B. Original label with MB.Pb.2005/0627. C. Lectotype (white arrows, ventral and dorsal view) of Magnolia lignita (Unger) Mai [MB.Pb.2016/2470.1] with syntypes. D–E. Original labels with MB.Pb.2016/2470.