Mallochia aurantia ( Santos & Aguiar, 2008 ) Supeleto & Santos & Aguiar, 2019

Supeleto, Fernanda A., Santos, Bernardo F. & Aguiar, Alexandre P., 2019, Revision of Distictus Townes, 1966 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with descriptions of ten new species, European Journal of Taxonomy 542, pp. 1-64 : 8-11

Mallochia aurantia ( Santos & Aguiar, 2008) comb. nov.

Distictus aurantium Santos &Aguiar, 2008: 36–39 . Original description, figure, phylogenetic assessment.

Distictus aurantius – Yu et al. 2012 . Listed, specific epithet changed.

Comments

The considerable differences between the type species Distictus tibialis and D. aurantium Santos & Aguiar have already been stressed in Santos & Aguiar (2008: 32, 38). Those differences prompted the authors to include both species in a phylogenetic analysis based on 65 morphological characters, including 19 outgroup taxa, mostly from the group the genus was supposed to belong to, the subtribe Gabuniina ( Gabunia genus group sensu Santos 2017). The two species were recovered as sister groups and hence classified within the same genus. However, examination of further comparative material of Distictus and Mallochia shows that several species of the latter genus show character states similar to species of Distictus (see ‘Comments’ section for the genus above). The characters that consistently separate the two genera are precisely those that set D. aurantium apart from the other species of the genus, such as T1 without anterolateral tooth, fore wing crossvein 3r-m absent and vein 2Cua <0.60 × as long as crossvein 2cu-a. In fact, the species is quite similar to specimens of the Nearctic Mallochia strigosa (Cresson, 1872) . Hence, Distictus aurantium is hereby transferred to Mallochia .

Nomenclature

Yu et al. (2012) changed the neutral specific epithet aurantium to the masculine aurantius , to match Distictus , which is masculine. The ICZN (1999) states, in Article 34.2.1, that “ If a species-group name is a noun in apposition its ending need not agree in gender with the generic name with which it is combined and must not be changed to agree in gender with the generic name ”. The epithet was originally intended as a name in aposition, but this was not stated, making the emendation to aurantius acceptable. In an equivalent action, the epithet is now changed to aurantia to match Mallochia , which is feminine.

Material examined

Total of 13 specimens, 4 ♀♀ and 9 ♂♂.

Holotype

BRAZIL – Espírito Santo State • ♀; Santa Maria de Jetibá, Fazenda Clarindo Krüger ; 29 Nov.–6 Dec. 2002; MTTavares, C.O. Azevedo exped.; Malaise trap; Pt. B6; UFES.

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Espírito Santo State • 1 ♀; Fazenda Paulo Seick, Área 1 ; 3–10 Dec. 2004; M.T. Tavares exped.; Pt. B3; UFES • 1 ♂; Domingos Martins, Mata Pico do Eldorado ; 3–10 Dec. 2004; M.T. Tavares exped.; Malaise trap; Pt. T4; UFES • 1 ♂; Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica Santa Lúcia ; 9–13 May 2006; M.T. Tavares exped.; Malaise trap; Pt. B1; UFES • 2 ♂♂; Conceição do Castelo, Ribeirão do Meio ; 17–24 Mar. 2007; A.P. Aguiar exped.; near lagoon ; Malaise trap; UFES • 2 ♂♂; Domingos Martins, Mata Pico do Eldorado ; 3–10 Dec. 2004; M.T. Tavares exped.; Pt. T6; UFES .

URUGUAY • 2 ♂♂; 40 km NW of Tacuarembó; 2–9 Feb. 1963; J.K. Bouseman leg.; AMNH .

Other material

ARGENTINA • 1 ♀; Misiones, Mado, Puerto Magdalena ; 22 Oct. 1964; A. Kovac leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Salta, El Alisal , 45 km W of Salta; alt. 1950 m; 1–29 Dec. 1987; S. Peck and J. Peck leg.; USUC .

BRAZIL – Bahia State • 1 ♂; Ilhéus, Fazenda São José ; 9 Dec. 2003; J. Cardoso and J. Maia leg.; Malaise trap; Pt. 2; UFES .

Distribution records

Brazil (BA, ES), Argentina, Uruguay.

Keys to species of Distictus Townes, 1966

Females

1. Metasoma mostly orange (RGB 226,93,5), reddish (200,52,5) or reddish-brown (175,53,8), T2–8 mostly without posterior yellow stripes ( Figs 7D , 9C , 14E ), at most T2–3 with incomplete stripe ( Fig. 6D ) .................................................................................................................................. 2

– Metasoma black (23,5,2) or dark brown (31,11,2), at least T2–3 with posterior yellow stripes ( Figs 4C , 10D , 11C ) .......................................................................................................................... 9

2. Supra-clypeal area entirely pale yellow ( Fig. 13A, C ), rarely with blackish marks ( Fig. 15 A–B); orbital band on malar space complete, rarely ventrally briefly interrupted ( Fig. 15 A–B) ............... 3

– Supra-clypeal area with blackish or reddish-brown marks ( Figs 7A , 9A ); orbital band on malar space interrupted ......................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Metapleuron entirely black ( Fig. 15C ); mesosternum entirely black; fore and mid coxae pale yellow, without dorso-apical brown spot ( Fig. 15G ); central yellow mark on mesopleurum extending to sternaulus ( Fig. 15G ); posterior area of propodeum rugulose ( Fig. 15F ); anterior margin of propodeum medially distinctly concave ( Fig. 15F ) .......................... Distictus tibialis ( Brullé, 1846)

– Metapleuron with distict yellow mark ( Fig. 13D ); mesosternum with large yellow marks; fore and mid coxae pale yellow, usually with dorso-apical brown spot ( Fig. 13D ); central yellow mark on mesopleuron extending beyond sternaulus ( Fig. 13D ); posterior area of propodeum strigate-rugulose ( Fig. 13B ); anterior margin of propodeum medially slightly concave ( Fig. 13B ) .............................. ............................................................................................................. Distictus paratibialis sp. nov.

4. Propodeum with sublateral elongate yellow marks ( Figs 7C , 14B ); mesosoma black or reddishbrown with distinct yellow marks ( Figs 9C , 14E ); mesoscutum centrally with yellow spot; wings hyaline; epomia distinct only after diverging from pronotal collar .................................................. 5

– Propodeum without sublateral elongate yellow marks, only with propodeal crests bright yellow ( Fig. 5B ); mesosoma almost entirely black, with a few, tiny yellow spots ( Fig. 5C ); mesoscutum centrally without yellow spot; wings infuscate ( Fig. 5C ); epomia complete ..................................... ..................................................................................................................... Distictus ardens sp. nov.

5. Orbital band continuous on temple ( Fig. 9C ); mesosoma black with yellow marks; malar space blackish; scutelar carina black ( Fig. 12B ) ........................................................................................ 6

– Orbital band interrupted on temple ( Fig. 14E ); mesosoma reddish-brown with yellow marks; malar space reddish-brown; scutelar carina mostly yellow ( Fig. 14B ) ........................................................ .................................................................................................................. Distictus terrosus sp. nov.

6. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum medially broadly arched forwards ( Figs 6B , 9B ); sublateral yellow marks of propodeum comma-shaped ( Figs 6B , 9B ); T2 with posterior yellow stripe; hind femur blackish and dark brown; epicnemial carina irregular or distinctly sinuous .......................... 7

– Anterior tranverse carina of propodeum medially weakly bent ( Fig. 7C ); sublateral yellow marks of propodeum not comma-shaped ( Figs 7C , 12F ); T2 without posterior yellow stripe; hind femur mostly reddish or light orange; epicnemial carina more or less uniformly curved .......................... 8

7. Posterior area of propodeum strigate ( Fig. 6B ); small yellow marks on collar and mesopleuron ( Fig. 6D ); T3 with blackish marks and narrow posterior yellow stripe ( Fig. 6D ); hind tibia blackish, except base, orange; spiracle of T1 not prominent; clypeus black, centrally with small yellow spot ( Fig. 6A ); thyridium about as wide as long .............................................. Distictus asterios sp. nov.

– Posterior area of propodeum strigate-rugulose ( Fig. 9B ); extensive yellow marks on collar and mesopleuron ( Fig. 9C ); T3 entirely reddish ( Fig. 9C ); hind tibia deep yellow, except apical 0.1 blackish; spiracle of T1 slightly prominent; clypeus almost entirely yellow ( Fig. 9A ); thyridium distinctly wider than long ( Fig. 9B ) ...................................................... Distictus commatus sp. nov.

8. Hind femur reddish, apically blackish ( Fig. 7D ); supra-clypeal area with three blackish marks that are almost connected centrally to form an inverted Y ( Fig. 7A ); median tubercle of clypeus large; orbital band widely interrupted on malar space, broadly disconnected at eye margin ( Fig. 7A ); spiracle of T1 not prominent; propodeum sublaterally with small yellow dot basad tranverse carina ( Fig. 7C ) ....................................................................................................... Distictus ateles sp. nov.

– Hind femur fully bright orange ( Fig. 12D ); supra-clypeal area without three blackish marks that are almost connected centrally to form an inverted Y, only with two oblique blackish marks on ventral 0.3 ( Fig. 12A ); median tubercle of clypeus small; orbital band shortly interrupted on malar space, nearly fused at eye margin ( Fig. 12A ); spiracle of T1 slightly prominent; propodeum sublaterally with distinct yellow spot basad tranverse carina ( Fig. 7C ) ................................................................. ................................................................................................................. Distictus notabilis sp. nov.

9. T4–8 blackish or dark brown, with wide posterior yellow stripes ( Figs 4C , 11C ); scutellar carina yellow; hind coxa mostly yellow, dorso-apically with large dark brown mark ( Figs 4C , 11C ); sternaulus moderately deep; epicnemial carina irregular; propleuron yellow; S2–5 bright or pale yellow ............................................................................................................................................. 10

– T4–8 blackish, without posterior yellow stripes ( Fig. 10D ); scutellar carina black; hind coxa black, dorso-basally with large yellow mark ( Fig. 10D ); sternaulus deeply impressed; epicnemial carina clearly sinuous; propleuron black; S2–5 brownish, with narrow posterior pale yellow stripes ......... ..................................................................................................................... Distictus daelus sp. nov.

10. Hind tibia blackish ( Fig. 4C ); mesoscutum coriarious, matte and with lateral yellow marks; pale yellow marks on mesosoma ( Fig. 4 B–C); fore wing vein 3-M distinctly longer than 2-M; metapleuron rugulose; supra-clypeal area pale yellow, centrally with small blackish marks ( Fig. 4A ); fore and mid coxa pale yellow, with small dorso-apical brown spots; hind t1–4 whitish ................................ ................................................................................................................. Distictus apaensis sp. nov.

– Hind tibia bright yellow ( Fig. 11C ); mesoscutum densely punctate, shiny and without lateral yellow marks ( Fig. 11 B–C); bright yellow marks on mesosoma; fore wing vein 3-M about as long as 2-M; metapleuron lineate; supra-clypeal area bright yellow, without blackish marks ( Fig. 11A ); fore and mid coxa dorsally bright yellow, without dorso-apical brown spots; hind t1–4 bright yellow .......... ..................................................................... Distictus mexicanus Kasparyan & Ruíz-Cancino, 2005

Males

1. Metasoma mostly orange (RGB 226,93,5) ( Fig. 15E ), reddish (200,52,5) or reddish-brown (175,53,8) ( Fig. 14D ), rarely one or more of T2–4 with posterior yellow stripe ( Figs 8D , 10F ); hind tibia entirely yellow, or blackish only at apex .......................................................................................... 2

– Metasoma blackish, all tergites with wide posterior yellow stripe (as in Fig. 11C ); hind tibia deep yellow with basal 0.1 blackish .................... Distictus mexicanus Kasparyan & Ruíz-Cancino, 2005

2. Orbital band continuous on temple ( Fig. 15E ); scutellar carina black; mesosoma black or dark brown with extensive yellow marks ( Fig. 10F ) ........................................................................................... 3

– Orbital band interrupted on temple ( Fig. 14D ); scutellar carina almost entirely yellow; mesosoma reddish-brown with extensive yellow marks ( Fig. 14D ) .................................................................... .................................................................................................................. Distictus terrosus sp. nov.

3. T2–3 without posterior yellow stripes, rarely T2 with posterior yellow stripe ................................ 4

– T2–3 with posterior yellow stripes ................................................................................................... 6

4. Metapleuron rugulose; propodeum posteriorly rugulose ou strigate-rugulose (as in Fig. 15F ); propleuron entirely pale yellow; mid coxae entirely pale yellow; T1 mostly orange, sometimes blackish; malar space pale yellow .................................................................................................... 5

– Metapleuron lineate; propodeum posteriorly distinctly striate (as in Fig. 7C ); propleuron entirely black, sometimes with small posterior yellow spot; mid coxae ventrally blackish; T1 mostly black; malar space black ......................................................................................... Distictus ateles sp. nov.

5. Metapleuron fully black ( Fig. 15E ), without yellow mark; mesosternum entirely black, rarely with small pale yellow marks; scape dorsally brown, sometimes apically with small yellow spot ........... ..................................................................................................................... Distictus tibialis sp. nov.

– Metapleuron black with distinct yellow mark (similar to Fig. 13D ); mesosternum almost or entirely pale yellow; scape dorsally pale yellow, rarely light brown ............................................................... ............................................................................................................. Distictus paratibialis sp. nov.

6. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum almost straight ( Fig. 8B ); T4 with posterior pale yellow stripe ( Fig. 8 C–D); pronotum polished smooth along collar ( Fig. 8C ); propleuron mostly yellow; sternaulus moderately deep ( Fig. 8C ); mesopleuron shiny and weakly striate on dorsal area between hypoepimeron and epicnemial carina ..................................................... Distictus caligaris sp. nov.

– Anterior transverse carina of propodeum centrally distinctly arched forwards ( Fig. 10G ); T4 without posterior yellow stripe ( Fig. 10F ); pronotum distinctly striate along collar; propleuron entirely dark brown; sternaulus deeply impressed (as in Fig. 10D ); mesopleuron matte and almost entirely lineate .......................................................................................................... Distictus daelus sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 7. Distictus ateles sp. nov., holotype (USUC), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Areolet of fore right wing. C. Propodeum + first two tergites, dorsal view. D. Habitus. E. Apex of ovipositor, left side.

Fig. 9. Distictus commatus sp. nov., holotype (USUC) ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Propodeum + first two tergites, dorsal view. C. Habitus D. Apex of ovipositor, left side.

Fig. 14. Distictus terrosus sp. nov. A. Head, frontal view; holotype (UFES45302). B. Mesosoma + first tergite, dorsal view; holotype. C. Habitus of female paratype (CNCI). D. Habitus of male paratype (UFES45297). E. Habitus of holotype. F. Apex of ovipositor, left side, holotype.

Fig. 6. Distictus asterios sp. nov., holotype (USUC), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Propodeum + first two tergites, dorso-lateral view. C. Apex of ovipositor, left side. D. Habitus.

Fig. 4. Distictus apaensis sp. nov., holotype (CNCI), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Mesosoma, left view. C. Habitus. D. Apex of ovipositor, left side.

Fig. 10. Distictus daelus sp. nov. A–E. Holotype (USUC), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Mesosoma, left side. C. Apex of ovipositor, left side. D. Habitus. E. Propodeum + hind coxae + first tergite, dorsal view. F. ♂, dorsal view. G. ♂, close-up of propodeum and basal tergites.

Fig. 11. Distictus mexicanus Kasparyan & Ruíz, 2005, paratype (USUC), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Mesosoma, dorso-lateral view. C. Habitus. D. Apex of ovipositor, left side.

Fig. 13. Distictus paratibialis sp. nov. A. Head, frontal view;paratype (IBRP).B. Mesosoma +first tergite, dorsal view; holotype (LAPIS5907). C. Head, frontal view; holotype (LAPIS5907). D. Mesosoma, left side; holotype (LAPIS5907). E. Apex of ovipositor, left side, holotype (LAPIS5907).

Fig. 15. Distictus tibialis (Brullé, 1846). A–B. Head, frontal view (A: UFES; B: CNCI). C. Mesosoma, left side (UFES). D. ♀, habitus (DZUP). E. ♂, habitus (UFES45305). F. Propodeum + coxae + first tergite, dorsal view (UFES51229). G. ♀, habitus (UFES). H. Apex of ovipositor, left side (UFES45337).

Fig. 5. Distictus ardens sp. nov., holotype (USUC), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Propodeum + first two tergites, dorso-lateral view. C. Habitus. D. Apex of ovipositor, left side.

Fig. 12. Distictus notabilis sp. nov., holotype (AMNH), ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head + mesosoma, dorsal view. C. Head + mesosoma, right side. D. Habitus. E. Apex of ovipositor, left side. F. Dorsal view. G. Propodeum and metapleuron, left side.

Fig. 8. Distictus caligaris sp. nov., holotype (USUC), ♂. A. Head, frontal view. B. Propodeum + hind coxa + first tergite, dorsal view. C. Habitus. D. Dorsal view.