Myxia hernandezi Bahder & Bartlett, 2021
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5027.3.7 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA03BD95-7FD5-48A1-B886-C657992DD5F2 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/672087BE-E646-0937-9ED4-FB53DC350FFB |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Myxia hernandezi Bahder & Bartlett |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Myxia hernandezi Bahder & Bartlett sp. n.
( Figures 1–6 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 )
Type locality. Costa Rica, Alajuela, Reserva Privada el Silencio de Los Angeles , Hotel Villa Blanca .
Diagnosis. Body yellowish, frons with “M-shaped” white marking and median light orange patch traversing median carina. Vertex longer at midline than wide at base, median carina present, evanescent distally. Hind tibiae lacking spines, forecoxae lacking denticle at distal end of trailing margin. Medioventral process of pygofer opening large, subtriangular. Gonostyli distally bifid in lateral view, dorsal process hooked cephalad, in ventral view with tooth in distal third of medial margin. Periandrium subtending and broadly fused to aedeagus, in lateral view ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ) apically prolonged into two robust, ventrally hooked, apical spines. Aedeagal shaft with two lateral, fin-like processes curved ventrad, endosoma membranous, curved dextrally, bearing two subapical processes.
Description. Color. General body color yellow to yellowish-white, slightly darker on mid-dorsal tergites of abdomen, paler ventrally ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Legs near white. Head with frons bicolored, dorsally orangish and with elongate orangish patch on midline extending approximately 1/3 length from frontoclypeal suture, outlining a white “Mshaped” patch on ventral half of frons, traversing entire width, ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Lateral ocelli reddish. Forewings transparent, veins pale.
Structure. Body length (with wings), male 5.95 mm (n=2), female 6.19 mm (n=5); body length (without wings), male 4.42 mm, female 4.51 ( Table 3). Head. Head in dorsal view (including eyes) narrower than pronotum, in lateral view obtusely rounded from posterior margin of vertex to frontoclypeal suture ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Vertex from dorsal view roughly quadrate, disc concave, longer at midlength than broad at widest point (at posterior margin), lateral margins diverging posteriorly, anterior margin truncate at transverse carina, posterior margin medially incised with sinuate margins median carina nearly obsolete (most evident posteriorly) ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Frons broadly ovate, much longer than wide, sides convexly arched, narrowest between eyes, expanding ventrally to below antennae, narrowed at frontoclypeal suture, median carina evident, median ocellus distinct ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Lateral ocelli conspicuous on genae below anterior margin of eyes (above level of antennae). Frontoclypeal suture straight, clypeus triangular (roughly equilateral), median carina evident. Antennae with scape very short, pedicel bulbous, about as wide as tall bearing conspicuous sensory plaques, flagellum elongate and bristle-like with bulbous base.
Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view very short (medially nearly hidden below posterior margin of vertex), concave posteriorly; median carina weak, lateral portions expanded, reaching tegulae, postocular carinae extending from pronotal midline to ventro-lateral corner of pronotum ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ); in lateral view paradiscal region broad, extended to ventral level of antennae, posterior margin concave, forming point at ventroposterior margin. Mesonotum longer than wide; anterior margin roundly convex, tricarinate, lateral carinae nearly parallel, diverging slightly posteriorly, median carina weaker on scutellum ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 );in lateral view mesonotum weakly concave at leading margin of scutellum ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ). Spinulation for hind tarsal segments 8-8-7.
Fore wing. Fore wings elongate, costal and trailing margin subparallel (slightly expanded distally, weakly concave at apex of clavus); apex of clavus just past forewing midlength, Pcu+A1 fused about midlength of clavus (at about 1/3 forewing length), reaching wing margin well before CuP, fork of ScP+RA from RP near wing midlength, CuA fork nearly at claval margin distad of ScP+RA from RP (C1 cell much longer than C5), ScP+R+MP fused at base forming long stem from basal cell. Branching pattern RA 2-branched (leading branch weak), RP 3-branched, MP 4-branched; CuA 2-branched (distally fused forming closed ‘procubital cell’ [i.e., Emeljanov 1996] and marginal C6 cell); crossveins ir and im present.
Terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view bell-shaped, narrowest dorsally, widest ventrally ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ), leading margin diagonal and weakly concave, trailing margin sinuate, weakly convex. In ventral view, medioventral process of pygofer opening subtriangular, large, longer than wide (midlength approximately 2× width at base) ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Gonostyli in lateral view irregularly sinuate on both dorsal and ventral margin, widest near midlength, ventral margin with distinct lobe at base; subapical process on dorsal margin present, hooked cephalad ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ); in ventral view, margins nearly parallel, narrowed and medially curved distally, sclerotized tooth on inner margin at 2/3 length, apex diagonally truncate ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Periandrium fused to ventral side of aedeagus, asymmetrical, serrate on ventral margin ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 & 6 View FIGURE 6 ), with distal lobe on dorsal margin ( Fig. 6A, P View FIGURE 6 1 View FIGURE 1 ), two curved ventro-apical processes (P2 & P3), and ventral a process on right lateral side, directed caudad ( Fig. 6D, P View FIGURE 6 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Aedeagal shaft with two, lateral fin-like flaps near shaft midlength, left flap ( Fig. 6A, A View FIGURE 6 1 View FIGURE 1 ) more robust than right (A2). Endosoma well developed, dextrally curved from aedeagal apex, with two sclerotized processes on ventral margin near apex ( Fig. 6D View FIGURE 6 ), longer process on lateral margin (F1) and shorter process mesad (F2). Anal tube short and stout in lateral view, apex downcurved, weakly asymmetrical; ventral margin nearly straight to level of paraproct, more strongly concave distally ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ); in dorsal view apex rounded; paraproct distinct, approximately columnar.
Plant associations. Palm ( Geonoma sp. ), Arecaceae .
Distribution. Costa Rica (Alajeula).
Etymology. The specific epithet is an honorific for Esteban Josué Hernández Arce at Hotel Villa Blanca, who has provided valuable guidance and information on the habitat where the new species was found and has always supported and been accommodating to research needs. Pura vida primo.
Material examined. Holotype male “ Costa Rica, Alajuela / Los Angeles Cloud Forest / Coll.: B.W.Bahder / 16.V.2018 / Host: Geonoma sp. palm // Holotype / Myxia hernandezi ” (FSCA) Paratypes, Los Angeles Cloud Forest [16 May 2018] (3 males, FLREC) .
Sequence data. For the COI gene, a 543 bp product was generated (GenBank Accession No. MZ 234085 View Materials ). Based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, there was strong bootstrap support (95) for placement of Myxia hernandezi sp. n. adjacent to M. delta within the Myxia clade ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Based on the multiple pairwise comparison, Myxia hernandezi sp. n. differed by an average of 16.5% (±2.3) from other species in Myxia with species in Myxia differing by an average of 18.1% (±1.4) among each other ( Table 4). Myxia hernandezi sp. n. differs by an average of 18.8% (±0.3) to members of the genus Haplaxius , 20.4% to Nymphomyndus caribbea , and 19.2% to Oecleus mackaspringi ( Table 4).
For the 18S gene, a 1,294 bp product was generated (GenBank Accession No. MZ 262449 View Materials ). Based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, there was strong bootstrap (99) support for the placement of Myxia hernandezi sp. n. in the genus Myxia adjacent to M. delta ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Additionally, there is strong bootstrap support (99) for the genus Myxia overall based on the 18S gene ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Based on the multiple pairwise comparison, Myxia hernandezi sp. n. differed by an average of 1.2% (±0.2) from other species in Myxia with species in Myxia differing by an average of 0.9% (±0.2) among each other ( Table 5). Myxia hernandezi sp. n. differs by an average of 2.6% (±0.2) to members of the genus Haplaxius , 2.8% to Nymphomyndus caribbea , and 2.6% to Oecleus mackaspringi ( Table 5).
For the H3 gene, a 328 bp product was generated for Myxia hernandezi sp. n. (GenBank Accesion No. MZ 274043 View Materials ) as well as all other taxa used for molecular comparisons ( Table 2). The Maximum Likelihood phylogeny showed strong bootstrap support (98) for the placement of Myxia hernandezi sp. n. adjacent to M. delta and moderate bootstrap support for Myxia as a monophyletic clade (75) ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). The consensus tree generated using COI, 18S, and H3 demonstrated very strong bootstrap support (100) for the placement of Myxia hernandezi sp. n. within the genus Myxia and also demonstrated strong support (96) for Myxia as a clade ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Based on the multiple pairwise comparison, Myxia hernandezi sp. n. differed by an average of 4.6% (±1.2) from other species in Myxia with species in Myxia differing by an average of 4.9% (±0.6) among each other ( Table 6). Myxia hernandezi sp. n. differs by an average of 12.7% (±0.6) to members of the genus Haplaxius , 10.4% to Nymphomyndus caribbea , and 12.2% to Oecleus mackaspringi ( Table 6).
Remarks. The morphological features of Myxia hernandezi sp. n. strongly support its placement within Myxia , particularly the form of the parameres with a dorsal process and the subtended periandrium. Furthermore, there is strong molecular support from three different loci (mitochondrial, nuclear and ribosomal) for the placement of Myxia hernandezi sp. n. in Myxia . Based on superficial morphological characters and details of the terminalia, Myxia hernandezi sp. n. most closely resembles M. delta relative to other described species of Myxia . These similarities also appear to be supported by the molecular evidence available.
| MZ |
Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.