Ctenitis grisebachii (Baker) Ching (1940: 250)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

15. Ctenitis grisebachii (Baker) Ching (1940: 250) . Figs. 10B , 19F–G , 20D . Nephrodium grisebachii Baker in Hooker & Baker (1868: 285). Dryopteris grisebachii (Baker) Kuntze (1891: 812) . Type:— CUBA, 1859–1860, Wright 1055 (lectotype K 000590311!, designated here, isolectotypes K 000590310!, K 000590312!, K 001096163!, K 001096164!, B 20 0052230!, B 20 0052231!, BM 000605204!, BM 000605205! BR 0000005798568!, BR 000000583942!, GH 00021049!, GH 00021050!, LE!, NY 02005973!, P 01381339!, PH 00019281 [image!], US 00067023!, YU 000802 [image!], YU 000803 [image!], YU 000804 [image!]).

Ctenitis molinae Stolze (1977: 40) . Type: — GUATEMALA. Chimaltenango: slopes of Volcán Fuego, 20 September 1942, Steyemark 52120 (holotype US 00067032!, US 00067033!, isotypes F 1161549!, F 1161550!, F 1161551!).

Ctenitis sotoana Rojas-Alvarado (2001: 468) , syn. nov. Type:— COSTA RICA. Cartago: Paraíso, Cuenca del Río Reventazón , Orosi , Río Macho. Estación Biológica Río Macho y alrededores, 1550–1800 m, 3 December 1997, Rojas 4163 (holotype INB 0002821838 [image!], isotypes CR, MO).

Stems erect or ascending, 1.5–3.4 cm diam., scales (6.1) 10.6–35.4 × (0.3) 0.8–1.5 mm, castaneous, subclathrate, linear-lanceolate, entire, without fimbriae; leaves 100–150 cm long; petioles 51–70 cm × 0.2–5.0 mm, with 7 vascular bundles at base, stramineous or tan, scales 13.74–18.71 × 0.24–0.80 mm, castaneous, subclathrate, not tangled, patent or retrorse, flattish, stiff, linear-lanceolate with truncate base and attenuate apex, entire, without fimbriae, catenate trichomes absent or sparse abaxially, sparse glandular trichomes; laminae 50–75 × 40–70 cm, width wider than 2/3 of length, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid basally, 2-pinnate-pinnatifid or 2-pinnate-pinnatisect medially and apically, deltate, apex confluent; rachises more or less straight, stramineous or tan, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, rare catenate trichomes abaxially, sparse or absent glandular trichomes; pinnae 10–15 pairs, the basal ones stalked to 65.0 mm long, the medial ones stalked to 19.0 mm long, the apical ones stalked to 5.0 or sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically enlarged, the medial 21–51 × 9–14 cm, lanceolate, apex attenuate; adaxial pinnae axes with sparse or absent scales on pinna rachis 1.2–2.2 × 0.2–1.5 mm, castaneous, linear, catenate trichomes dense on pinna rachis and costa, sparse on costule, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse catenate trichomes; abaxial pinnae axes with scales sparse on pinna rachis and costa, 0.9–2.5 × 0.1–0.4 mm, castaneous, clathrate or subclathrate, patent or ascending, flattish, stiff, linear-lanceolate with truncate base and attenuate apex, entire, without fimbriae, catenate trichomes sparse on pinna rachis, costa, rare on costule and veins, bacilliform trichomes absent or sparse on pinna rachis, costa, costule and veins, glandular trichomes absent or very sparse on pinna rachis, costa and costule, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse catenate and bacilliform trichomes; pinnules 9–16 pairs, the basal ones stalked to 2.5 mm long, the medial ones stalked to 0.76 mm long or sessile, the apical sessile, the medial 5.0–9.0 × 1.4–2.5 cm, lanceolate, incised more than 3/4 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, almost pinnatisect, basal segments as long or longer than the next, apex attenuate or acute; ultimate segments 7–15 pairs, 2.6–5.7 mm wide, entire, crenate or serrate, apex acute or rounded, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple or 1-forked, 4–8 pairs (before forking) per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments end at margin well above the sinus; sori medial or inframedial, indusia conspicous, entire, with catenate and bacilliform trichomes; spores with coarse, irregular echinae.

Selected specimens examined:— ECUADOR. Galapagos: Isabela Island, E. rim of Vulcan Alcedo , 23 May 1974, van der Werff 1209 ( CAS) ; Galapagos: James Island , 1905–1906, Stewart 958 ( CAS) .

Habitat and distribution:—Terrestrial in wet mountain forests, 1000–1950 m. Mesoamerica ( Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica), West Indies ( Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola) and South America ( Ecuador — Galapagos; Fig. 20D ; Tab. 01).

Notes:— Ctenitis grisebachii can be recognized by its scales on petiole, rachis and costa abaxially, which are not tangled, stiff, flattish, uniformly castaneous or brown, linear-lanceolate with truncate base, entire and without fimbriae ( Figs. 19F – G ). The scales on petiole and rachis are patent or retrorse, the indusium is large and

A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF CTENITIS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 51 conspicuous with catenate and bacilliform trichomes. Ctenitis grisebachii is similar to C. equestris and C. ampla (see corresponding notes). Some old specimens from Galapagos Islands were identified as C. ampla , but they are C. grisebachii , and then firstly recorded to South America.

Baker described Nephrodium grisebachii ( Hooker & Baker 1868) and indicated the collection Wrigth 1055. As usual for that time, Baker did not designate a holotype neither specified a herbarium. In K, where he worked, there are five sheets of that collection, only two of them with the name N. grisebachii written in Baker’s handwriting. Beyond K, several sheets are spread in other herbaria. Christensen (1920) cited that K held the type, Proctor (1985) and Mickel & Smith (2004) indicated that what is in K consisted the holotype, and cited an isotype in US. However, the sheets in K are not clearly labelled as being part of a single specimen (Art. 8.3, 40 Note 1 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012). Thereby there is no holotype but syntypes (Art. 9.5 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012). Then, we designate here as lectotype (Art. 9.11 and 9.12 of ICN — McNeill et al. 2012) one specimen in K with a medial portion of a lamina and a label handwritten by Baker.

Ctenitis sotoana decribed by Rojas-Alvarado (2001) was based on collections from Costa Rica and Nicaragua. After examining images of holotype, paratype and sheets from Costa Rica and Nicaragua identified as C. sotoana , we concluded that it is not different from C. grisebachii . Its protologue also allow us to consider C. sotoana as a new synonym of C. grisebachii .

Figures

FIGURE 10. Spores of Ctenitis from South America. A: C. glandulosa (Salino 13626, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). B: C. grisebachii (Underwood 445, NY). C: C. laetevirens (Schimitt 561, BHCB). D: C. megalastriformis (Tuomisto 13393, UC). E: C. microchlaena (Mickel 2626, NY). F: C. nervata (Almeida 1682, BHCB). G: C. nigrovenia (Salino 15212, BHCB). H: C. paranaensis (Kozera 356, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). I: C. refulgens var. refulgens (Salino 15242, BHCB). J: C. refulgens var. peruviana (Schunke 5941, NY). K: C. submarginalis var. submarginalis (Verdi 1843, BHCB). L: C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia (Pietrobom 5015, BHCB). Scales bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 19. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–C: Ctenitis fenestralis (Salino 7285, BHCB). A: abaxial surface of a portion of a pinna. B: abaxial costa scale. C: adaxial costa scale. D–E: C. flexuosa (Luederwaldt 1890, UC). D: abaxial surface of a portion of pinnule. E: abaxial costa scale. F–G: C. grisebachii (Grayum 3707, MO). F: abaxial surface of a portion of pinnule. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Distribution of four species of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. fenestralis. B: C. flexuosa. C: C. glandulosa. D: C. grisebachii.