Oligodia spirata ( Brocchi, 1814 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2019, Turritellidae (Gastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations about turritellid genera, Zootaxa 4681 (1), pp. 1-136 : 54-57

Oligodia spirata ( Brocchi, 1814)

Figs 6Q , 7I , 16F 1 – F 2 , 16G 1 – G 2 ,

* Turbo spiratus nob. — Brocchi, 1814: 369, pl. 6, fig. 19.

Turbo subangulatus nob. — Brocchi, 1814: 374, pl. 6, fig. 16.

Turritella subangulata— Eichwald, 1852: plate captions, pl. 10, figs 22a–b.

Turritella spirata— Eichwald, 1852: plate captions, pl. 10, figs 21a–b.

Turrit. [ella] subangulata Bronn — Eichwald, 1853: 279.

Turrit. [ella] spirata Brocchi — Eichwald, 1853: 281.

Turritella subangulata Brocc. — Hörnes, 1855: 428, pl. 43, figs 5–7.

[ Turritella (Belone) ] subangulata Bron. — Handmann, 1882: 213.

Turritella subangulata Brocc. var. polonica mihi — Friedberg, 1909: 262, pl. 3, figs 25–26.

Turritella subangulata Brocc. var. polonica Friedb. — Friedberg, 1914: 331, pl. 19, figs 17–18.

Turritella subangulata Brocchi var. silesiaca Q. — Quitzow, 1922: 18, pl. 1, fig. 17.

Turritella subangulata Brocchi var. incisa Q. — Quitzow, 1922: 18, pl. 1, fig. 18 [non Turritella incisa Brongniart, 1823 ; nec Turritella incisa Reeve, 1849 ; nec Turritella incisa Tenison-Woods, 1878 ].

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata Brocchi var. spirata Brocchi — Rutsch, 1929: 38, pl. 2, fig. 7.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata Brocc. var. spirata Bronn — Nitulescu, 1934: 87, pl. 2, figs 1–23, I-III, A-D, a–e.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata Brocchi var. polonica Friedberg, 1853 [sic] — Moisescu, 1955a: 128, pl. 11, figs 1–10.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata Brocchi var. pseudoscalaria var. n. — Moisescu, 1955a: 130, pl. 11, fig. 12.

Turritella (Zaria) spirata (Brocchi) — Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956: 385, pl. 2, fig. 29.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata Brocc. — Sieber, 1956: 238.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata spirata Brocc. — Sieber, 1958b: 147.

Turritella (Zaria) slovenica n. sp. — Ramovš, 1959: 6, figs 1–3, 6 (nomen nudum).

Turritella ( Torculoidella ?) spirata Brocchi — Sieber, 1960: 261, pl. 2, fig. 17, pl. 3, fig. 1.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata polonica Friedbg. — Sieber, 1960: 262, pl. 2, fig. 16.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata var. subacutangula (Orbigny, 1852) — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960: 114, pl. 32, figs 5–6.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata var. spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960: 114, pl. 32, fig. 7.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata var. depressecarinata Sacco, 1895 — Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov, 1960: 114, pl. 32, fig. 9.

Turritella (Zaria) aff. slovenica Ramovš — Pavlovsky, 1960: 213, pl. 1, fig. 2.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata spirata Brocchi — Marinescu, 1961: 525, pl. 3, fig. 12.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata polonica Friedberg — Marinescu, 1961: 526, pl. 3, figs 13a–13d.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata Brocc. var. polonica Friedbg. — Florei, 1961: 633, pl. 7, fig. 54.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata Brocchi — Atanacković, 1963: 69, pl. 12, fig. 3.

Turritella subangulata spirata Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz, 1966: 84, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Turritella subangulata Brocchi, 1814 — Strausz, 1966: 84, pl. 2, figs 5–6.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata spirata Brocchi, 1814 — Hinculov, 1968: 134, pl. 32, fig. 7.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata polonica Friedberg, 1909 — Hinculov, 1968: 134, pl. 32, figs 8a–8b.

Torculoidella subangulata subacutangula (d’Orbigny) — Atanacković, 1969: 198, pl. 9, fig. 3.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata spirata Brocchi — Csepreghy Meznerics, 1969: 19, pl. 2, fig. 13.

Torculoidella slovenica (Ramovš) — Atanacković, 1969: 199, pl. 9, figs 5–9.

Torculoidella slovenica (Ramovš) var. (n. var.?) — Atanacković, 1969: 199, pl. 9, fig. 10.

Turritella (Torculoidella) bieniaszi Friedb. — Rado & Mutiu, 1970: 148, pl. 5, figs 9–11 [non Turritella bieniaszi Friedberg, 1909 ].

Turritella subangulata Brocchi — Eremija, 1971a: 70, pl. 6, fig. 6.

Turritella subangulata spirata (Brocchi) — Eremija, 1971a: 71, pl. 6, fig. 4.

Turritella subangulata polonica Friedberg — Eremija, 1971a: 71, pl. 6, fig. 1.

Turritella subangulata Brocc. — Eremija, 1971b: 35, pl. 9, fig. 6.

Turritella (Zaria) spirata Brocchi, 1814 — Bohn-Havas, 1973: 1042, pl. 3, fig. 9

Turritella subangulata Brocchi — Chinta, 1973: 285, pl. 2, fig. 6/1.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata spirata Brocchi, 1814 — Nicorici & Sagatovici, 1973: 162, pl. 23, fig. 17.

Turritella (Zaria) slovenica Ramovš — Ramovš, 1974: 56, fig. 146.

Turritella spirata Brocchi, 1814 — Caprotti, 1975: 218, pl. 4, figs 4–7, pl. 5, figs 1–5.

Turritella (Zaria) spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Bałuk, 1975: 104, pl. 13, fig. 14.

Turritella (Zaria) spirata (Brocchi) — Steininger et al., 1978: 333, pl. 3, figs 8–10.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata polonica Friedberg, 1909 — Švagrovský, 1981: 124, pl. 40, fig. 4.

Turritella (Zaria) spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Švagrovský, 1981: 125, pl. 38, figs 7–10.

Turritella (Zaria) slovenica Ramovš — Mikuž, 1983: 121, fig. 6.

Turritella (Torculoidella) slovenica Ramovš, 1959 — Atanacković, 1985: 94, pl. 22, figs 1–3.

Turritella (Torculoidella) subangulata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Atanacković, 1985: 95, pl. 22, figs 13–14.

Turritella ( Torculoidella ?) spirata (Brocchi) — Schultz, 1998: 56, pl. 21, fig. 16.

Turritella spirata (Brocchi) — Landau et al., 2004: 17, pl. 2, fig. 11, pl. 3, fig. 7 (cum syn.).

Turritella (Zaria) subacutangula d’Orbigny, 1852 – Bałuk, 2006: 192, pl. 6, fig. 2.

Archimediella spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Chirli, 2006: 104, pl. 40, figs 9–15.

? Turritella subangulata Brocchi — Tiţă, 2007: 548, fig. 6/e.

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Mikuž, 2009: 12, pl. 2, fig. 23

Turritella (Zaria) subangulata spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Mikuž, 2009: 13, pl. 2, fig. 24

Turritella (Zaria) slovenica Ramovš, 1959 — Mikuž, 2009: 13, pl. 2, fig. 25.

Turritella (Zaria) subacutangula ( d’Orbigny, 1852) — Caze et al., 2010: 33, fig. 5D.

Turritella spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Popa et al., 2014: 8, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Oligodia spirata ( Brocchi, 1814) — Van Dingenen et al., 2016: 120, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Type material. Lectotype (Inv. Nr. 4972) stored in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, illustrated in Rossi-Ronchetti (1955, fig. 54) and Pinna & Spezia (1978, pl. 58, figs 4–4a); Crete Senesi ( Italy), Pliocene. Rossi- Ronchetti (1955) and Pinna & Spezia (1978) erroneously designated a holotype from a syntype series, which thus is the lectotype by fixation ( ICZN Art 74.6).

Studied material. 1 spec. NHMW 1869/0001/0186a, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 43, fig. 6) as Turritella subangulata Brocchi ; 1 spec. NHMW 1869/0001/0186b, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 43, fig. 7) as Turritella subangulata Brocchi ; 1 spec. NHMW 1846/0037/0381a, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 43, fig. 5) as Turritella subangulata Brocchi ; 1 spec. NHMW 1963/0640/0000, Marz ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1960, pl. 2, fig. 16) as Turritella subangulata polonica Friedberg ; 1 spec. NHMW 1963/0554/0000, Baden ( Austria) , illustrated in Sieber (1960, pl. 2, fig. 17); 35 spec. NHMW 2010/0004/04168, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 71 spec. NHMW 2010/0004/0415, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 27 spec. NHMW 1846/0037/0380, Steinebrunn and Möllersdorf ( Austria) ; 16 spec. NHMW 1846/0037/0381, Steinebrunn and Möllersdorf ( Austria) ; 8 spec. NHMW 1997z0178/1365, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 9 spec. NHMW 1868/0051/0021, Perchtoldsdorf ( Austria) ; 18 spec. NHMW 1858/0015/0170, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 8 spec. NHMW 1865/00001/0437, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou ( Czech Republic) ; 4 spec. NHMW 1860/0001/0276b, Hlohovec ( Czech Republic) ; 11 spec. NHMW 1865/0015/0095, Lysice ( Czech Republic) ; 3 spec. NHMW 1865/0036/0047, Drnovice ( Czech Republic) ; 10 spec. NHMW 1861/0040/0442, Boskovice ( Czech Republic) ; 7 spec. NHMW 1861/0040/0524, Boskovice ( Czech Republic) ; 3 spec. NHMW 1863/0036/0125, Jerutek at Lysice ( Czech Republic) ; 21 spec. NHMW 1862/0029/0066, Rudice ( Czech Republic) ; 17 spec. NHMW 1864/0040/1098, Borač ( Czech Republic) ; 15 spec. NHMW 1871/0010/0097, Sedlec (= Porzteich) ( Czech Republic) ; 53 spec. NHMW 1864/0001/0378, Jaroměřice ( Czech Republic) .

Illustrated material. Fig. 7I : NHMW 2018/0272/0009, Gainfarn ( Austria), Figs 16F 1 –F 2 : NHMW 1869/0001/0186, SL: 37.9 mm, MD: 10.3 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 16G 1 –G 2 : NHMW 1846/0037/0381, SL: 34.8 mm, MD: 11.3 mm, Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1855, pl. 43, fig. 5).

Revised description. For a description see Landau et al. (2004) and Van Dingenen et al. (2016); additions: base nearly flat covered by numerous delicate spiral threads. Lateral sinus angle low, nearly orthocline; deep with vertex above mid-whorl; faint inflection point below adapical suture, forming sigmoidal growth line; second inflection point stronger close to abapical suture passing via narrow sinus into weakly opisthocyrt basal sinus. Inner lirae present, comprising up to eight prominent palatal lirae and two or three very weak basal lirae.

Shell measurements. Complete specimens are extremely rare, and the aperture is damaged in all available specimens; the largest specimens with partly preserved base attain about 40 mm in height and 11.5 mm in diameter. AA = 24°, PA = 20°. Lateral sinus (n = 10): LS angle = 8.1° (σ = 2.3°), LS p = 0.6 (σ = 0.03), LS d = 4.0 (σ = 0.5).

Discussion. This species was discussed in detail by Landau et al. (2004) who provided a long list of synonyms from the Proto-Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic (which is not repeated herein). The Paratethyan specimens agree with Pliocene ones in their multispiral protoconch; Van Dingenen et al. (2016) described two main morphs: the spirata morphotype with very prominent carina, formed by the B primary, and the subangulata morphotype with more convex whorls and weaker carina. In the Paratethyan material both morphotypes can be found in the same collection-lots but the spirata -morph clearly predominates by far.

Bałuk (2006) separated the Miocene shells as Turritella (Zaria) subacutangula d’Orbigny, 1852 from the Pliocene type. Turritella subacutangula was introduced by d’Orbigny (1852: 5, nr. 62) as new name for Turritella acutangula sensu Grateloup (1846) . Cossmann & Peyrot (1922) considered the French taxon a mere variation of T. spirata based on a more prominent carina and very weak secondary spiral cords. It is found along with typical specimens of Oligodia spirata in Langhian deposits of Saubrigues, suggesting that a taxonomic separation is unjustified. Landau et al. (2004) doubted if occurrences from the Miocene North Sea, described by A.W. Janssen (1984) are conspecific with O. spirata based on the shorter protoconch. Van Voorthuysen (1944), however, described shells with 2.5 or probably even 3 protoconch whorls from the middle Miocene of the North Sea. This protoconch type is almost identical with that of Pliocene specimens described by Landau et al. (2004).

Four species or subspecies (variety) names have been proposed for Paratethyan occurrences of O. spirata . In our opinion, Turritella subangulata polonica Friedberg, 1909 , T. s. silesiaca Quitzow, 1922, T. s. incisa Quitzow, 1922 and Turritella slovenica Ramovš, 1959 are subjective junior synonyms of O. spirata . Of these, Turritella slovenica Ramovš, 1959 is a nomen nudum, as it was described in an unpublished PhD. Atanacković (1969) made the name available. Turritella subangulata pseudoscalaria Moisescu, 1955 is based on an extreme morph and its taxonomic status is not clear.

Note: Haustator polonica Schröder, 1995 , from the Cretaceous of Poland, was placed in Turritella by Kaim (2004), and thus becomes a secondary homonym of Turritella polonica Friedberg, 1914 . Based on the broad conical multispiral protoconch, which is broader than the early teleoconch whorl, a closer relation with Turritellidae and especially with Haustator and Turritella is highly unlikely and no replacement name will be needed.

Paleoenvironment. The species is frequent in basinal clays of the Vienna Basin, which formed in about 250 m water depth ( Hohenegger et al. 2008). Nevertheless, it appears also in smaller numbers shallow sublittoral settings (e.g. Gainfarn). Overall, Oligodia spirata seems to have preferred offshore environments, whereas its congener O. bicarinata dwelled in shallow water habitats.

Distribution. Central Paratethys. A ubiquitous species in the Paratethys; the following list provides just some examples. Ottnangian (early Miocene): Switzerland ( Rutsch 1929); Badenian (middle Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Platt ( Austria) ( Sieber 1960); Carpathian Foreland Basin: Borač, Boskovice, Drnovice, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Jerutek at Lysice, Lysice, Rudice ( Czech Republic); Korytnica, Gliwice Stare, Małoszów, Józefów, Benc- zyn, Żegocina, Skoczów, Bogucice, Brzeźnica, Zgłobice, Gliwice ( Poland) ( Quitzow 1922; Bałuk 1975); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Möllersdorf, Vienna-Pötzleinsdorf, Perchtoldsdorf, Gainfarn, Steinebrunn, Niederleis ( Austria) ( Sieber 1953, 1956, 1959b; Mandic et al. 2002), Devínska Nová Ves ( Slovakia) ( Švagrovský 1981); Sedlec (= Porzteich), Hlohovec ( Czech Republic); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Mattersburg, Marz, Forchtenau ( Sieber 1960); Mecsek Mountains ( Hungary) ( Strausz 1966); Pannonian Basin: Várpalota, Szob, Szokolya ( Hungary) ( Báldi 1960; Strauss 1966); Krško Basin: Brvi južno od Cerkelj ( Slovenia) ( Mikuž 2009); southern Pannonian Basin: Jazovac, Hrvaćani, Reljevac, Mali Prnjavor, Čaklovica, Malinovac ( Bosnia Hercegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Prnjavor Basin: Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Eremija 1971a); Bahna-Orşova Basin: Bahna ( Romania) ( Tiţă 2007); Zarand Basin: Minişul de Sus ( Romania) ( Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Caransebeş-Mehadia Basin: Valea Sălişte, Valea Calvei, Valea Satului ( Romania) ( Hinculov 1968); Transylvanian Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus, Buitur ( Romania) ( Nitulescu 1934; Moisescu 1955a; Caze et al. 2010); Dacian Basin: Târnene, Staropatica, Opanec ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Eastern Paratethys. Konkian (middle Miocene): Georgia ( Popov 1986). Proto-Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic. Middle Miocene: northeastern Spain; Aquitaine Basin ( France), Loire Basin ( France); late Miocene: Loire Basin ( France); Pliocene: Estepona (northeastern Spain), Loire Basin ( France), Roussillon ( France), central Mediterranean ( Italy), eastern Atlantic ( Morocco, Tunisia); Pleistocene: Italy (see Landau et al. 2004 and Van Dingenen et al. 2016 for details and references). North Sea Basin. Hemmoorian (late Burdigalian to early Langhian) to Langenfeldian (Serravallian and early Tortonian): Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands (van Voorthuysen 1944; A.W. Janssen 1984).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Paleogeography of the Paratethys during the early Miocene (Burdigalian, Eggenburgian, Sakaraulian) and the middle Miocene (Langhian, Badenian, Tarkhanian) (modified after Popov et al. 2004 and Neubauer et al. 2015).

FIGURE 2. Miocene chronostratigraphy after Gradstein et al. (2012) with regional Paratethys stages after Popov et al. (2004) and Piller et al. (2007).

FIGURE 6. Growth line traces of Turritellidae species based on own data; bold: type species of genera; black: Paratethyan species; asterisk: non-Paratethyan species (unknown basal sinuses are left blank).

FIGURE 7. Internal lirae in selected Turritellidae species. A. Archimediella abundans (Handmann, 1882), NHMW 2018/0307/0001, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania). B. Archimediella abundans (Handmann, 1882), NHMW 2018/0307/0002, Coşteiu de Sus (Romania). C. Archimediella carpathica new sp., NHMW 2018/0272/0006, Gainfarn (Austria). D. Archimediella hoernesi (Rolle, 1856), NHMW 2018/0308/0001, Wetzelsdorf (Austria). E. Archimediella hoernesi (Rolle, 1856), NHMW 2018/0308/0002, Wetzelsdorf (Austria). F. Helminthia vermicularis (Brocchi, 1814), NHMW 2018/0272/0007, Gainfarn (Austria). G. Helminthia vermicularis (Brocchi, 1814), NHMW 2018/0181/0010, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). H. Oligodia bicarinata (Eichwald, 1830), NHMW 2018/0272/0008, Gainfarn (Austria); I. Oligodia spirata (Brocchi, 1814), NHMW 2018/0272/0009, Gainfarn (Austria). J. Ptychidia vindobonensis (Handmann, 1882), NHMW 2018/0181/0011, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 16. A–E. Oligodia bicarinata (Eichwald, 1830). A1–A2. Grund (Austria), NHMW 1851/0002/0061. B1–B2. Mikulov, (Czech Republic), NHMW 1846/0037/0378. C1–C2. Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 1963/0513/0000. D. Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 1860/0001/0275a. E1–E2. Bilosirka, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine, NHMW 2018/0193/0001. F–G. Oligodia spirata (Brocchi, 1814), Baden (Austria). F1–F2. BNHMW 1869/0001/0186. G1–G2. NHMW 1846/0037/0381. H–J. Oligodia sulcomarginalis (Sacco, 1895). H. Holotype, Steinebrunn (Austria), NHMW 1864/0001/0587. I. Mikulov-Kienberk (Czech Republic), NHMW 2018/0203/0002. J. Mikulov-Kienberk (Czech Republic), NHMW 2018/0203/0003. K. Oligodia? sp., Niederleis (Austria), NHMW 1963/0053/0000.