Panscopus (Phymatinus) gemmatus (LeConte), 1857

Spanton, Timothy G. & Anderson, Robert S., 2016, A Taxonomic Revision of Weevils of the Genus Panscopus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Tropiphorini), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 15) 70, pp. 1-86 : 28-30

Panscopus (Phymatinus) gemmatus (LeConte), 1857

( Plate 1 , Figs. 10 , 36 , 59 , 75 , Map 11 )

Tyloderes gemmatus LeConte 1857: 56 . Lacordaire 1863:159 (footnote);LeConte1869:381,1874:456.

Phymatinus gemmatus LeConte 1869: 382 . Horn 1876: 54.

Panscopus (Phymatinus) gemmatus ; Pierce 1913: 391, 392; Leng 1920: 312; Buchanan 1927: 27, 1936: 8; Schenkling and Marshall 1931: 39 (catalog); Van Dyke 1935: 10; Blackwelder 1939: 66; Bousquet et al. 2013: 345.

Panscopus gemmatus ; Hatch 1971: 388; O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 62; Bright and Bouchard 2008: 258.

Type Material. Holotype (MCZ No. 8415) in LeConte collection ( MCZC). This specimen bears no specific locality, date, or collector information, but a dark blue label indicates it was collected in Washington or Oregon. Horn (1876) indicated the geographical distribution of this species as “ California and Oregon ”, suggesting that he had not at that time seen specimens from Washington. Given the color coded label on the holotype indicating Washington and Oregon, the type specimen was likely collected in Oregon.

Specific Epithet. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin noun “ gemma” meaning bud, precious stone, or jewel, plus the suffix “- atus”, to form an adjective meaning “jewelled”, undoubtedly referring to the jewelled or sequined appearance of this weevil with the vestiture of metallic green scales observed under magnification.

Diagnosis. Larger size, shiny tubercles on the pronotum, and vestiture of metallic green scales distinguish specimens of P. gemmatus from representatives of all other Panscopus species.

Redescription. Females: Length 8.3–11.2 mm (n = 10); width across elytra 3.3–4.2 mm (n = 10). Males: Length 8.7–10.9 mm (n = 10); width across elytra 3.0– 3.7 mm (n = 10). Head: Slight depression between eyes at base of frons; rostrum parallelsided, in dorsal view, from frons to point of articulation of antennae, thence wider distally; thin median longitudinal carina extending length of rostrum. Antennae: Scape extending to middle of eye when laid close to rostrum, scape vestiture of slightly flattened, blunt, appressed setae directed apically, integument clearly visible among setae; antennomeres 2–8 with sparse vestiture of thin, acute, decumbent setae, integument clearly visible. Pronotum: Wider than long; median longitudinal sulcus shallower posteriorly, deeper and wider anteriorly; dorsal surface with shiny, round tubercles, each tubercle with a seta at apex; vestiture of densely distributed, striate, metallic-colored scales covering integument except tubercles. Elytra: Together broadly oval in shape, wider than pronotum; posterior declivity reflexed, sloped slightly anteroventrally at apex; in lateral view, oddnumbered elytral intervals raised, with rows of shiny, rounded tubercles projecting from them, each tubercle with slightly flattened, blunt, decumbent seta projecting from apex, few such tubercles on even intervals, not in continuous rows as in oddnumbered intervals; elsewhere, integument densely covered with striate, appressed, overlapping scales, cupreous to pale green in color. Legs: Tibia 1 and 2 with row of thin spines on ventro-lateral margin in distal 1/2–2/3; tibia 3 without such spines, corbellar area closed at apex of tibia 3. Abdomen: With 5 ventrites, 1 and 2 convex in females; in males, ventrite 1 concave medially, ventrite 2 nearly flat or with slight concavity. Genitalia: Females ( Figs. 10 , 36 ): Tergum VIII broadly convex dorsally and conical apically, sternum VIII (spiculum ventrale) with apical expansion broadly spadeshaped, convex ventrally, with rounded at apices, cleft medially in apical portion, with fine setae posteriorly; coxites 1 and 2 broadly angular in dorsal and ventral views, rounded at apex in lateral view, styli with 3 or 4 setae apically; vagina with pair of crescent-shaped sclerites internally, near confluence of common oviduct; spermatheca smooth, sickle-shaped, broadly thickened in basal 2/3, narrowed apically. Males ( Figs. 59 , 75 ): Aedeagus with median lobe decurved, concave ventrally; apex with broad flat projection, narrow and acute in lateral view; manubrium of tegmen approximately as long as median lobe; median struts of aedeagus nearly 1.5X length of median lobe, internal sac membranous with small, sclerotized structures comprised of a small v-shaped sclerite with broadly rounded lateral lobes in ventral and dorsal views.

Life History. One record was seen of a specimen that was taken from litter under Douglas fir on 15 March 1972 in Oregon, which might suggest that adults overwinter. Other than this, nothing is known of the life history of this species.

Plant Associations. Adults of this species have been taken from plants of nine genera representing four families of dicotyledonous angiosperms, as well as two genera of coniferous gymnosperms. Most of the plants are woody shrubs of the families Rosaceae , Ericaceae , and Aceraceae . The greatest number (60%) was taken from rosaceous shrubs, with the genus Rubus accounting for 55% of plant records for this species. These records suggest that adults of P. gemmatus eat the foliage of a wide variety of plants, or, perhaps, they are using the plants for purposes other than feeding. Possibly the leaves of such plants provide suitable perches for matefinding. These records suggest a preference for woody plants over herbaceous plants. Records from label data include also specimens having been taken from under the bark of a stump of Tsuga (Endl.) Carrière (Pinaceae) and “on weeds”. One specimen label reads “willow and alder”.

Geographical Distribution. This species occurs in the Pacific region, in coastal moist forests from the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver Island in British Columbia south through western Washington and Oregon ( Map 11 ). The few elevation records available are between sea level and 900 m.

Chorological Affinities. The range of this species is overlapped by the combined ranges of P. spantoni , P. squamosus , and P. michelbacheri .

Material Examined. More than 740 specimens were examined. CANADA: British Columbia: Engelwood, 31.VIII.1949, Hemlock (1, CNCI). Queen Charlotte Islands: Clayoquot Arm, 1.VIII. 1951, F. I. S. 1951, Hemlock (1, CNCI); Graham Island, 5.6 km E. Rennell Sound, 8.VII.1984, R.S. Anderson, Menziesia (2, CMNC); Juskatla, 7.VII.1959, F.I.S. 1959, Hemlock (1, CNCI); Klanawa River, 2.VIII.1948, J.M. Kinghorn, Picea sitchensis (1, CNCI); Kwuna Point, 19.VIII. 1946, M.G. Thomson (2, CASC); Kwuna Point, Sandspit, 26.VI.1946, M.G. Thomson (1, SMDV); Mesachie Lake, 200m, 16.VII.1980, H. & A. Howden (2, CMNC); Moresby Island, Mosquito Lake Campground, 4.VII.1984, R.S. Anderson, Rubus parviflorus (10, CMNC; 1 CNCI; 1, CWOB). Vancouver Island, Parker Creek, 23.V.1949, G.S. Brown (1, SMDV); Parker Creek, 23.V.1949, J.M. Kinghorn (19, SMDV); Port Hardy, 30.V. 1947, J.O. Little, Tsuga heterophylla (5, SMDV); Port Renfrew, 23.VII.1946, H.E. Vey (1, SMDV); Port Renfrew, 1.VI.1949, Hemlock (1, CNCI); Port Renfrew, 2.VI.1949, F.I.S. 1949, Hemlock P49-296 (1, CNCI); Victoria, 1.VIII.1943 (1, SMDV); Victoria, 9.VII.1950, I. Radcliffe (1, SMDV). USA: Oregon: (1, CMNH); H.C. Fall collection (1, MCZC). Benton Co., Alsea, 4.VI.1922, A.L. Lovett (2, OSAC); Blodgett, 11.V.1947, B. Malkin (2, FMNH); Blodgett, 27.VI, Darlington (1, MCZC); Corvallis, 13 km N McDonald Forest, 27.VI.1973, L. Russell (1, USNM); Corvallis, 13.III.1935, K. Gray (1, AMNH); Corvallis, 2.VII, B G. Thomson (1, CWOB); Corvallis, 13.VII.1987, R. Rosenstiel (1, CWOB); Mary’ s Peak, 4.VI.1914, Van Dyke collection (1, CASC); McDonald Forest, Sec4 T1S R5W, 19.VII.1974, R.L. Westcott (1, CWOB); Philomath, 13 km W., 12.V.1983, D.S. Chandler, sweep, vegetation (2, CWOB); Philomath, 21.VII. 1939, F.G. Aitken (1, AMNH). Clackamas Co., Alder Creek, 8.VII.1927, Darlington (1, MCZC); Eagle Creek Post Office, 4.VII.1940, K. Gray, J. Schuh (2, CWOB). Clatsop Co., Astoria, 25.V. (3, CMNH); Astoria, 25.VI, Liebeck (4, MCZC); Astoria, 25.VI, Hubbard & Schwarz (1, MCZC); Astoria, 25.V, Horn coll. H 8277 (4, MCZC); Astoria, 25.V, H. W. Wenzel (3, OSUC); Astoria, 24.V, Hubbard & Schwarz (32, USNM); Cannon Beach, E.C. Van Dyke: 9.VI.1927 (1, CASC), 11.VI.1927 (62, CASC), 13.VI.1927 (5, CASC), 14.VI.1927 (15, CASC), 17.VI.1927 (8, CASC), 18.VI.1927 (1, CASC); Olney, 15.VI. 1925, Van Dyke collection (9, CASC); Saddle Mountain, 17.VII.1969, K.J. Goeden (2, ODAC); Saddle Mountain State Park, 26.VI.1965, M.C. Lane (5, OSAC); Seaside, 31.VII.1958, M.C. Lane (4, OSAC); Seaside, 27.VI.1933, E.L. Sleeper collection (1, USNM);Warrenton, 13.VIII.1957, K. Goeden, Salix and Alnus (1, ODAC). Columbia Co., Goble, 22.V.1938, K. Gray & J. Schuh (1, CWOB); Scappoose, 29.V.1945, Anderson, on weeds (1, USNM). Coos Co., Coos Bay, B. Malkin, 10.IX.1951 (1, FMNH), 23.V.1947 (1, FMNH), 9-10.VII.1951 (1, OSAC); Hauser, 6.V.1939, A.T. McClay (1, UCDC); Hauser, 6.V.1939, L.G. Gentner (3, USNM); Marshfield, Van Dyke, 11.VI.1914 (5, CASC; 2, CNCI; 3, CUIC; 1, CMNC; 5, ISUI; 6, MCZC), 12.VI.1914 (2, CASC), 14.VI.1914 (11, CASC; 1, OSAC); Marshfield, 14.VI.1914, Blaisdell collection (10, CASC). Douglas Co., Gardiner, 16 km E: Smith River, Otter Slough, 27.V.1964, J.D. Vertrees (1, AMNH); Reedsport, 20.VI.1939, T.G. Aitken (14, AMNH). Lane Co., Florence, 12.VI.1936, Van Dyke collection (2, CASC); Florence, 10.VII.1914, Wickham collection (1, USNM); Florence, 11 km N., 3.V.1962, Vertrees, Carter et al. (1, CWOB); Florence, 11 km S: Siltcoos Beach, 3.V.1962, Vertrees, et al. (1, AMNH); Glenada, B. Malkin: 24-. V.1947 (1, FMNH), 14. IX.1941 (2, FMNH), 20.VII.1941 (1, FMNH), VI-VII.1951 (1, OSAC). Triangle Lake, 16. VII.1952, B. Malkin (4, FMNH; 3, OSAC), 19. V-8.VI.1957 (1, FMNH; 2, OSAC); Lincoln Co., Cape Perpetua, 11.VI.1951, B. Malkin (1, FMNH); Depoe Bay, 21.V.1965, M. C. Lane (1, OSAC); Newport, 24.V.1967, Brown & Goeden, resting on pine (1, ODAC); Otis, 21.V.1965, M.C. Lane (12, OSAC); Otis, 12.V.1942, R.E. Rieder (2, CWOB); Siletz, 12.VI.1963, N.L.H. Kraus (1, USNM); Tidewater, J. Schuh 21.VI.1935 (1, AMNH), 1.VII.1934 (1, CWOB); Tidewater, 20 km E., 6.VII.1973, R.L. Penrose (1, ODAC); Toledo, 24.VII.1928, J.E. Davis (1, AMNH); Toledo, 9. VIII.1909, Moznette (1, MCZC); Waldport 22. VI.1930, J.E. Davis (1, AMNH; 1, CWOB); Waldport, 5.VI.1925, E.C. Van Dyke (1, CASC); Waldport, 6.VI.1925, E.P. Van Duzee (1, CASC);Waldport (1, OSAC). Lincoln Co., DeLake, 5.V.1939, M.C. Lane (2, OSAC); 10.V.1941, F.W. Nunenmacher (1, FMNH). Linn Co.: Silver Creek, 3.VIII.1949 (1, OSAC), 1.VIII.1948 (1, OSAC). Marion Co.: Silver Creek Falls (Silver Falls), 29.V.1938, K. Gray & J. Schuh (1, AMNH; 1, USNM; 1, CWOB); Silver Creek Falls, 8.VII.1949 (1, OSAC); Silver Falls State Park, 23.VI.1939, M.A. Cazier collection (16, AMNH); Stayton, 7.V.1962, F. Beck, pear tree (2, OSAC); Niagara Park, 23.IV.1972, R.L. Westcott, Acer macrophyllum (1, CWOB). Multnomah Co.: Gresham, 26.IV.1945, J. Schuh, raspberry (2, CWOB; 1, FMNH; 3, UAIC; 1, USNM); Horsetail Falls, 35 km E of Portland, 19.IV.1967, K. Goeden, sweeping Rubus parviflorus (3, ODAC); Portland, 9.V.1941, Schuh & Gray, Acer macrophyllum (4, CWOB; 2, CNCI; 1, FMNH; 2, UAIC; 1, USNM); Portland, 28.VI.1927, E.C. Van Dyke (1, CASC); Portland, 11.V.1955, V. Roth, Oemleria cerasiformis (2, ODAC); Portland, 22.V, Hubbard & Schwarz (2, USNM); Portland, V.1904, F.H. Shoemaker (1, USNM). Polk Co., Buell, 6.6 km S, 7.VII.1974, R. L. Penrose (1, ODAC). Tillamook Co.: Austin Ck., Little Nestucca River, 16.VII.1973, W. Wittmer (3, CWOB); Oswald West State Park, 8 km N Nehalem, 14.VIII.1961, D.R. Smith, Salal (1, OSAC); Blaine, 11 km E: Forestry Service Rd. 533, Suislaw National Forest, 15.III.1972, E.M. Benedict, litter under Douglas Fir (1, CMNC); Cape Lookout, 19.VII.1982, R.L. Westcott (1, ODAC); Cape Lookout, 10.VII.1977, R.L. Penrose, dead Hemlock (1, ODAC); Cape Lookout, 24.VII. 1955, H.A. Hacker (2, UMAA); Cape Lookout, Kiwanda Viewpoint, 4 km N, 2.4 W Sand Lake., 4.XI.1972, Benedict (1, CMNC); Cascade Head Experimental Forest, 24.VI.1961, S.L. Wood et al. (1, CWOB); Flowerpot Creek, ridge to N.W., Sec.8, T1S, R10W, 17.VII.1982, R.L. Westcott (5, ODAC; 11, CMNC); Garibaldi, 6.IV.1940, K. Gray & J. Schuh (1, USNM); Hemlock, 5.IV. 1949 (1, OSAC); Nehalem, 31.V.1957, F.P. Larson, “caneberries” (1, ODAC); Sand Lake, 7.IV.1940, D.M. & K.M. Fender (1, FMNH); Tierra Del Mar, 18.IV.1949 (1, OSAC); Tillamook, 22.V. 1935 (1, CNCI); Tillamook, 27.III.1919, A.C. Burrill (1, USNM). Tillamook Co., Boyer, K.M. & D.M. Fender, 28.V.1939 (8, OSAC), 4.VII.1938 (2, OSAC); Boyer, 4.VII.1938, E.W. Jones (3, UICM); Little Nestuca River, 23.VI.1940, K.M. Fender (3, CASC; 3, UCDC); Little Nestuca River, 23.VI.1940, B. Malkin (1, FMNH); Little Nestuca River, 23.VI.1940 (22, FMNH). Washington, Co., Cornelius Pass, N. side, 19.3 km N.W. Portland, 18.VI.1968, K. Goeden, Thimbleberry (1, CWOB). Yamhill Co., Carlton-Meadow Lake, 5.VI.1942, K.M. Fender (2, OSAC); Grande Rhonde Agency, 13.5 km W., 3.V.1972, R.L. Penrose (1, CWOB). “ Oregon ” (1, MCZC); Wickham Collection (1, USNM); 6.V.1939, A.T. McClay Collection (1, UCDC); E.C. Van Dyke (1, MCZC). County unknown: Turner, J. Ferguson (1, LACM). Washington: Clallam Co., Forks, 5.VII.1920, E.C. Van Dyke (22, CASC); Forks, 2.VII.1920, Van Dyke collection (3, CASC); Forks, 4.VII.1920, E.P. Van Duzee (15, CASC); Klahowya State Park, Soleduck R., Olympic National Forest., 30. VI.1974, P.H. Arnaud, Jr. (1, CASC); Sol Duc Hot Springs, 20.VI.1936, Van Dyke collection (2, CASC). Clark Co., La Center, 18.VI.1979, D.C., Cascade berries (1, WSU). Grays Harbor Co.: Copalis Beach, 7.VI.1961 (1, OSUC); Hoquiam, 27.VI.1914, Van Dyke collection (3, CASC); Hoquiam, 29.IV.1904, Burke, Tsuga heterophylla (1, USNM); Hoquiam, 26.V.1905, Burke, Tsuga heterophylla (1, USNM); Hoquiam, 27.IV.1904, Burke, Huckleberry (3, USNM); Hoquiam, Burke (1, USNM): Hoquiam, 5.VII.1904, Burke, under bark, Tsuga stump (2, USNM); Hoquiam, 29.IV. 1904, Burke, Huckleberry (1, USNM); Hoquiam, 27.IV.1904, Burke, Huckleberry (2, USNM); Hoquiam, 2.V.1904, Burke, Huckleberry (1, USNM); Hoquiam, Burke, Acer circinatum (1, USNM); Hoquiam, 13.V.1904, Burke, Tsuga heterophylla (2, USNM); Humptulips, 28.V.1914, E.C. Van Dyke (12, CASC); Humptulips, 29.V. 1914, E.C. Van Dyke (5, AMNH; 16, CASC; 8, CWOB; 6, CMNC; 3, INHS; 1, MCZC; 1, FMNH; 3, OSUC; 1, TAMU; 10, USNM); Humptulips, 29.V.1914, Blaisdell collection (9, CASC); Humptulips, 23.VII.1938, Van Dyke collection (1, CASC); Lake Quinault, 18.VI.1936, Van Dyke collection (3, CASC); Acosta, 26.V.1944,“GMH, GFP”, “cherry leaf, Prunus sp. ”(1, USNM); Quinault, D.J. & J.N. Knull, 8.VII.1960 (5, OSUC), 11.VII.1960 (6, OSUC), 14.VII.1960 (6, OSUC); Quinault, W.W. Baker, 10.X.1933 (2, UCDC), 17.X.1934 (1, UCDC). Jefferson Co., Hoh River Forest, 20.VIII.1968, R. Thomson (1, OSAC); Olympic National Park, Hoh River, 18.VII.1953, K.M. Fender (2, OSAC); Olympic National Park, 2.1 km N.E. hwy 101, Queets R. Road., 25.VI.1987, T.G. Spanton & B.V. Brown, Rubus parviflorus (24, CMNC); Olympic National Park, 2.1 km N.E. hwy 101, Queets R. Rd., 22-24.VI.1987, B.V. Brown, mushroom baited trap (1, CMNC). Lewis Co., Doty, 6.4 km W., 22& 23.VIII.1970, R.L. Westcott, Acer circinatum (5, CWOB). Pacific Co., Bay Center, 6.VIII.1931 (1, OSAC); Bay Center, 17.VII.1931 (1, OSAC); Bruce Port Park, 4.V.1957, M.H. Hatch (4, OSAC); Ilwaco, 26.V. (1, USNM); Ilwaco, 6.VI. 1918, A. Spuler (2, WSU); Nasel River, 4.VIII. 1930, 9.IX.1929 (2, OSAC); South Bend, VII.1898, M. Laugallis (1, WSU). Pierce Co., Electron, 21.VII.1936, Van Dyke collection (7, CASC); Electron, 4.VI.1933, W.W. Baker (1, CNCI); Electron, J. Wilcox, 2.VI.1933 (4, OSAC), 14.V.1933 (1, ( OSAC); Electron, 23& 24.VI.1933, S.E. Crumb (2, OSAC); Mt. Rainier National Park, Longmires, 13.VII.1936, Van Dyke collection (12, CASC). Skamania Co., Carson, 4.V.1952 (1, OSAC); N. F. Cipsus R., 25.VI.1934, J.L. Wilcox (1, OSAC); Taklakh Pond, 24.VI.1934, J.L. Wilcox (1, OSAC). Counties unknown: Blue Lake, VI.1931, J. Bassett, truck crop #1340 (1, USNM); Capalla Beach (sic) [Copalis Beach], 16.VI.1936, Van Dyke collection (4, CASC); Columbia National Forest., 7.VI.1912, N. Dearborn (1, USNM); “Morrison, Wash Terry”, Hubbard & Schwarz (1, USNM); Olympic National Forest, 19.VII.1958, D.J. & J.N. Knull (3, OSUC); Rainier National Park, Tahoma Creek, 900 m, 20.VII.1935, M.C. Lane (1, OSAC); Riffe Lake, 15.V.1932, W.W. Baker, truck crop #1445 (1, USNM); “W.T.”[Washington Territory]”, Nason collection (1, INHS); “W. T.” (3, MCZC). Doubtful records: “Cal.”, LeConte collection (1, MCZC).

Figures

Plate 1. Panscopus gemmatus, dorsal habitus. From Bright and Bouchard (2008), used with permission.

Map 11. Geographical distribution of Panscopus gemmatus.

Figs. 9–16. Panscopus species, sternum 8 (spiculum ventrale), ventral (a) and left lateral (b) views. 9) P. acutisetus; 10) P. gemmatus; 11) P. spantoni; 12) P. squamosus; 13) P. michelbacheri; 14) P. johnsoni; 15) P. bakeri; 16) P. longus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs. 33–36. Panscopus species, coxites and vagina, dorsal (a), ventral (b), and left lateral (c) views. 33) P. capizzii;

Figs. 59–61. Panscopus species, aedeagus, dorsal (a), ventral (b), and left lateral (c) views. 59) P. gemmatus; 60) P. spantoni; 61) P. squamosus. b = belt of tegmen; is = internal sac; mb = manubrium of tegmen; ml = median lobe; ms = median strut; t = tegmen. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs. 74–76. Panscopus species. 74) P. ovatipennis: a) Dorsal view of tergum 7 (t7), pygidium (pg), and apex of apical tubular structure (at), b) Ventral and c) Lateral views of spiculum gastrale (sg), pygidium, and apical tubular structure; 75) P. gemmatus: a) Dorsal view of pygidium, b) Ventral view of spiculum gastrale and pygidium; 76) P.abruptus: a) Lateral and b) Ventral views of spiculum gastrale and pygidium. Scale bar = 1mm.