Penniverpa alvatra Irwin & Webb

Webb, Donald W. & Metz, Mark A., 2008, A revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae), Zootaxa 1720, pp. 1-45 : 7-10

Penniverpa alvatra Irwin & Webb

( Figs. 1–6 , 78 , 89 )

alvatra Irwin and Webb (1992:88 checklist, 107 male desc. 109 dist., Figs. 79 male ant., 80 male max. palp., 81 male wing, 82– 87 male genit., 88–89 fem. genit.) ( Penniverpa ). Type locality Brazil, Roraima, Río Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá. Holotype male in INPA.

alvadusta Irwin and Webb (1992:88 checklist, 106 fem. desc., 107 dist., Figs. 77–78 fem. genit.) ( Penniverpa ). Type locality Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus. Holotype female in INPA. New synonym.

A re-examination of the holotype female and two paratypes of Penniverpa alvadusta confirmed that the variation in abdominal coloration was conspecific with that observed in the paratype females of P. alvatra . Penniverpa alvadusta is thus synonymized under P. alvatra . As first reviser, I chose P. a l v a t r a as the valid name for this species because the holotype of P. a l v a t r a is a male and would best serve the stability and universality of nomenclature.

Diagnosis. The male of Penniverpa alvatra is similar to P. dives in having the tibiae concolorous with the femora; the gonocoxite lacking dark reddish brown macrosetae ( Fig. 1 ); in having setae continuous across the posterior margin of sternite 8 ( Fig. 1 ); the ventral lobe lacking a PVL ( Fig. 2 ); and the LGP of the gonostylus ( Fig. 2 ) lacking a VMP. It differs from P. dives in having the LGP of the gonostylus ( Fig. 2 ) with short apical setae and the distiphallus in dorsal view ( Fig. 13 ) with small spines dorsolaterally or a few short dorsal spinous projections. The female differs from P. d i v e s in having white pubescence posterolaterally on tergites 1–3 and 5–6 ( Fig. 78 ).

Redescription of MALE. Variation (n=4)

Body length 7.0–8.0, 7.3 mm.

Head. Length 0.77–0.90, 0.86 mm. Ocellar tubercle dark reddish brown, pubescence gray; setae black, elongate. Ommatidia of equal size. Frons with silver pubescence; setae absent. Antenna dark brown, gray pubescense on scape and pedicel, antenna/head length 0.69–0.77, 0.74; scape length 0.12–0.18, 0.16 mm; width 0.09–0.10, 0.10 mm, length/width 1.3–1.8, 1.6, scape/pedicel length 1.5–2.0, 1.9, scape/flagellum width 0.9–1.0, 1.0, setae dark brown, short; pedicel length 0.08–0.09, 0.08 mm, width 0.10 mm, length/width 0.8– 0.9, 0.8; flagellum length 0.38–0.42, 0.40 mm, width 0.10 mm, length/width 3.8–4.2, 4.0, flagellum/scape length 2.3–3.3, 2.7. Maxillary palpus dark brown; length 0.38–0.44, 0.41 mm, width 0.06–0.08, 0.07 mm, length width 5.5–7.0, 6.4. Occipital setae white, sparse dorsally; macrosetae dark reddish brown, extending ventrally in single row from lateral end of postocular setae.

Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Mesonotum black, pubescence silver gray, dense; setae white, elongate, erect intermixed with black, short subappressed setae. Pleuron pubescence silver gray; setae white on propleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, laterotergite and scutellum. Wing. Membrane pale whitish brown, veins brown; pterostigma pale brown; length 5.2–6.5, 6.2 mm, width 1.8–2.3, 2.1 mm, length/width 2.9–3.0, 2.9. Halter dark brown. Legs. Coxa dark brown, pubescence gray, setae white; hindcoxa with anterior papillate knob. Femora dark brown; ventral setae white; av 1:0:2–3; pv 0:0:6–7. Tibiae and tarsi dark brown, glossy.

Abdomen. Dark reddish brown to black, pubescence silver; dorsal setae white, elongate, appressed. Terminalia (MEI 006898). Sternite 8 ( Fig. 1 ), posterior margin broadly emarginate; setae dark brown, continuous across posterior margin. Gonocoxite ventral view ( Fig. 1 ), setae dark brown; ventral lobe ( Fig. 2 ), PVL absent. Gonostylus dorsal view ( Fig. 2 ), LGP oblong, apical macrosetae short, dark brown, VMP absent. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme emarginate anteriorly ( Fig. 3 ); ventral apodeme ( Fig. 4 ), extending beyond anterior margin of dorsal apodeme; distiphallus dorsal view ( Fig. 3 ), broad basally, tapered posteriorly with small apical flange, and large dorsolateral spinous projections absent, ventral view ( Fig. 4 ), AAP elongate with apical spinous projections directed dorsally, lateral view ( Fig. 5 ), sinuate apically.

FEMALE. Variation (n=10).

Body length 7.8–8.8, 8.0 mm.

Head. Length 0.70–0.83, 0.79 mm. Frons pubescence white, dense; setae black, short, on dorsal half. Antenna /head length 0.7–0.8, 0.8; scape length 0.16–0.20, 0.17 mm, width 0.10–0.12, 0.11 mm, length/width 1.3–1.7, 1.6, scape/pedicel length 1.6–2.3, 2.0, scape/flagellum width 0.8–1.0, 0.9; pedicel length 0.08–0.10, 0.09 mm, width 0.10–0.12, 0.11, length/width 0.7–1.0, 0.8; flagellum length 0.36–0.48, 0.42 mm, width 0.11– 0.14, 0.12 mm, length/width 3.0–4.0, 3.5, flagellum/scape length 2.2–2.9, 2.5. Maxillary palpus length 0.30– 0.44, 0.41 mm, width 0.08–0.09, 0.08 mm, length/width 3.8–5.5, 5.0; setae dark brown, elongate.

Thorax. Macrosetae 3 np, 2 sa. Wing. Length 5.2–7.0, 6.3 mm, width 1.8–2.0, 1.9 mm, length/width 2.7– 3.5, 3.2. Legs. Anteroventral macrosetae 1:0:1–4, pv 0:0:2–5.

Abdomen. Dark reddish brown, glossy ( Fig. 78 ), tergites 1–3, 5–6 with white pubescence posterolaterally; dorsal setae dark brown on dark brown areas, white, elongate across posterior margins of tergites 1–3.

Terminalia (MEI 147855). Furca ( Fig. 6 ) oblong; length 0.74 mm, width 0.30 mm; anterolateral projection short.

Distribution. Penniverpa alvatra is known from northern Brazil and southern Venezuela ( Fig. 89 ). Habitats and phenology. Specimens of Penniverpa alvatra have been hand-netted or collected in Malaise traps in March, May, July, and August.

Specimens examined. Type specimen. The holotype male of Penniverpa alvatra Irwin & Webb (MEI 006898) is labeled “ BRASIL: Roraima, Ilha de Maraca, 2–13.III.1987, J. A. Rafael, J. E. R. Brasil, L. S. Aquino” [-2.117, -56.117] and is in INPA. Other specimens. BRAZIL. AMAZONAS. Manaus [-3.105, - 60.027], 28.X.1978, Rafael, J.A., 1Ψ MEI 0 0 6909 (INHS). RORAIMA. Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maraca, [- 2.117, -56.117], 20–30.III.1987, Aquino, L.S., 3ɗ MEI 0 0 6899 (INHS), 3Ψ MEI 0 0 6903, 0 0 6907 (INPA), 0 0 6908 (MEIC), Malaise trap; 2–13.V.1987, Rafael, J.A., Brasil, J.E.R., Aquino, L.S., 4Ψ MEI 0 0 6900 (USNM), 0 0 6904 (MZSP), 006905–6 (INPA); 1–4.III.1988, Rafael, J.A., 2Ψ MEI 0 0 6901 (INHS), 0 0 6902 (INPA), Malaise trap; Bonfim Ig. Arraia, Warredu [3.0833, -59.9500], – V–1991, Rafael, J.A., Rocha, R.A., Vidal, J., 1ɗ MEI 147879, 1Ψ 147855 (INPA). RONDONIA. Ouro, Preto do Oeste, Igarapé Mandi [-10.6667, -62.3], 06–12.VII.1995, Rafael, J.A., Vidal, J. 1Ψ MEI 147881 (INPA), Malaise trap. VENEZUELA. AMA- ZONAS. San Carlos de Rio Negro [1.917, -67.067], 125 m, 19–31.VIII.1976, Salcedo, J., Ag. Fernandez, B., 1ɗ MEI 121644 (MIZA).

Figures

FIGURE 89. Penniverpa spp., distribution map. alvatra (open circle), bradleyi (open square), dives (closed circle), evani (closed triangle), gracilis (open triangle), megaplax (asterisk), multisetosa (closed square).

FIGURES 1 – 6. Penniverpa alvatra. 1. Sternite 8, hypandrium, gonocoxite ventral view. 2. Gonostylus and ventral lobe dorsal view. 3. Aedeagus dorsal view. 4. Aedeagus ventral view. 5. Aedeagus lateral view. 6. Female internal reproductive organs. FIGURES 7 – 11. Penniverpa bradleyi. 7. Sternite 8, hypandrium, gonocoxite ventral view. 8. Gonostylus and ventral lobe dorsal view. 9. Aedeagus dorsal view. 10. Aedeagus ventral view. 11. Aedeagus lateral view. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 78 – 87. Penniverpa spp., female abdomens. 78. alvatra, 79. chersonesa, 80. dives, 81. epidema, 82. evani, 83. festina, 84. gracilis, 85. insular, 86. megaplax, 87. multisetosa.

FIGURES 73 – 77. Penniverpa unispinosa. 73. Sternite 8, hypandrium, gonocoxite ventral view. 74. Gonostylus and ventral lobe dorsal view. 75. Aedeagus dorsal view. 76. Aedeagus ventral view. 77. Aedeagus lateral view. Scale = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 12 – 17. Penniverpa chersonesa. 12. Sternite 8, hypandrium, gonocoxite ventral view. 13. Gonostylus and ventral lobe dorsal view. 14. Aedeagus dorsal view. 15. Aedeagus ventral view. 16. Aedeagus lateral view. 17. Female internal reproductive organs. FIGURES 18 – 23. Penniverpa dives. 18. Sternite 8, hypandrium, gonocoxite ventral view. 19. Gonostylus and ventral lobe dorsal view. 20. Aedeagus dorsal view. 21. Aedeagus ventral view. 22. Aedeagus lateral view. 23. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm.