Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae Tennakoon, C.H. Kuo & K.D. Hyde, 2018

Tennakoon, Danushka S., Kuo, Chang-Hsin, Jeewon, Rajesh, Thambugala, Kasun M. & Hyde, Kevin D., 2018, Saprobic Lophiostomataceae (Dothideomycetes): Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae sp. nov. and Neovaginatispora fuckelii, a new record from Mangifera indica, Phytotaxa 364 (2), pp. 157-171 : 161-165

Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae Tennakoon, C.H. Kuo & K.D. Hyde , sp. nov.

Index Fungorum Number: IF554254; Facesoffungi number: FoF04110, Fig. 2

Etymology: — Name reflects the host Mangifera indica , from which the holotype was collected.

Holotype: — MFLU 18-0068

Saprobic on decaying stem of Mangifera indica L. Sexual morph: Ascomata 270–350 μm high, 200–320 μm diam., scattered, semi-immersed, papilla erumpent through host surface, coriaceous to carbonaceous, dark brown to black, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole crest-like, central, broadly papillate, with an irregular pore-like opening, plugged by hyaline, filamentous hyphae, and occasionally lighter coloured. Peridium 25–38 μm wide at sides, brown, thick-walled, of textura angularis to prismatica, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium composed of dense, 1–2.5 μm wide, filamentous, septate, simple or branched, pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing at the apex, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 75–100 × 10–14 μm (x = 84 × 12.5 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate, with a short pedicel, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 × 4–5.2 μm (x = 23.8 × 4.6 μm, n = 25), bi-seriate overlapping in the ascus, 1-septate with 2 euseptate, fusiform, hyaline, becoming pale brown, constricted at the septum, smooth walled, with a narrow sheath, sheath drawn at both ends, 8.5–9.5 μm long, 2.5–3 μm wide at base, 1.6–2.1 μm wide at ends. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA, 25–30 mm, diam. after 2 weeks, colonies medium dense, irregular, flat, slightly raised, surface smooth with crenate edge, fluffy to velvety with smooth aspects, zonate with different sector yellowish-grey to yellowish-brown at the margin brownish-grey at the centre; reverse yellowish-grey at margin, grey to black with fimbriate aspect at the middle, brownish to grey at the centre, no pigmentation produced in media.

Material examined: — Taiwan, Chiayi, Fanlu Township area, Dahu village, dead stems of Mangifera indica ( Anacardiaceae ), 5 August 2017, D.S. Tennakoon, DTW 018A (MFLU 18-0068, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-2651, FU30909; ibid. 6 August 2017, DTW018B (MFLU 18-0070, paratype), MFLUCC 17-2653.

Notes: — Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae isolates were collected from different places in Fanlu township area, Chaiyi, Taiwan. According to the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae nested with other Pseudolophiostoma species in high bootstrap support (99% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BYPP). Morphologically, Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae shares some similar characters to P. vitigenum in having semi-immersed, coriaceous to carbonaceous ascomata, cylindric-clavate asci and 1-septate, hyaline ascospores ( Thambugala et al. 2015). However, our novel species, Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae can be distinguished from P. vitigenum especially in having major size differences viz. smaller ascomata (270–350 × 200–320), asci (75–100 × 10–14) and ascospores (20–25 × 4–5.2), whereas P.vitigenum is characterized by larger ascomata (450–570 × 350–410), asci (115–147×18.5–22) and ascospores (34–44 × 9–11.5). In addition, a comparison of the 530 nucleotides across the ITS (+ 5.8S) gene region of P. mangiferae and P. vitigenum (MFLUCC10-0886) reveals 35 base pair differences (6.6%) and therefore provides further evidence to introduce P. mangiferae as a new species as recommended by Jeewon & Hyde (2016). Besides, Pseudolophiostoma obtusisporum differs from P. mangiferae in having obtuse-ended ascospores and host occurrence ( Hashimoto et al. 2018). A comparison of the 517 nucleotides across the ITS (+ 5.8S) gene region of Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae with P. cornisporum , P. obtusisporum and P. tropicum show 18, 15, 19 base pair differences respectively. The main morphological differences among Pseudolophiostoma species are presented in Table 2.

Neovaginatispora fuckelii (Sacc.) A. Hashim., K. Hiray. & Kaz. Tanaka, Studies in mycology 90: 188. 2018. Index Fungorum Number: IF551535; Facesoffungi number: FoF00829

Basionym: Lophiostoma fuckelii Sacc., Michelia 1(no. 3): 336 (1878)

= Lophiostoma pulveraceum Sacc., Michelia 1: 336, 1878

= Didymosphaeria lophospora Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1: 376, 1878

= Lophiosphaera mendax Rehm, Ann. Myc. 5: 544,190 7

= Vaginatispora fuckelii (Sacc.) Thambugala , Fungal diversity 74: 242, 2015

Saprobic on decaying stem of Mangifera indica L. Sexual morph: Ascomata 410–520 μm high, 320–360 μm diam., scattered, immersed, papilla erumpent through host surface, coriaceous to carbonaceous, dark brown to black, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole crest-like, central, periphysate, broadly papillate, with an irregular pore-like opening, plugged by hyaline, filamentous hyphae, and occasionally lighter coloured. Peridium 25–35 μm wide, thick, composing two layers of irregular cells arranged in a textura angularis, cells towards the inside hyaline, at the outside, darker, light brown, somewhat flattened, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Hamathecium 1.5–3 μm wide, massive, long cylindrical cellular, anastomosed, hyaline, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 60–80 × 7.8–10 μm (x = 72 × 8.5 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicel with furcate to obtuse ends, apically rounded with an indistinct ocular chamber. Ascospores 15–17 × 4–5.4 μm (x = 15.8 × 4.5 μm, n = 25), subfusoid, bi-seriate overlapping in the ascus, 1-septate at the centre, strongly constricted at the median septum, straight or slightly curved, enlarged near the septum at the upper cell, hyaline, guttulate, surrounded by thin mucilaginous sheath when immature, invisible at maturity, club-shaped appendages at both ends, 2.7–3.5 μm long, 2.8–3.1 μm wide, smoothwalled with guttules. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA, 25–30 mm, diam. after 2 weeks, colonies medium dense, irregular, flat, slightly raised, surface smooth with crenate edge, fluffy to velvety with smooth aspects, zonate with different sector yellowish-grey to yellowish-brown at the margin brownish-grey at the centre; reverse whitish-grey at margin, whitish-grey with fimbriate aspect at the middle, slightly brown at the centre, no pigmentation produced in media.

Material examined: — Taiwan, Chiayi, Fanlu Township area, Dahu village, dead stems of Mangifera indica ( Anacardiaceae ), 5 August 2017, D.S. Tennakoon, DTW 018C (MFLU 18-0069, new record), living culture, MFLUCC 17-2652.

Notes: — As morphological characters examined largely overlap with those of Neovaginatispora fuckelii species, we therefore report our collection as a new record of N. fuckelii from dead stem of Mangifera indica in Taiwan. But, it differs from other Neovaginatispora fuckelii species in consisting of periphyses in ostiole. Combined multi-gene (LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1-α) based phylogenies also show that our collection cluster with other Neovaginatispora fuckelii species, in particular Neovaginatispora sp. (MFLUCC 11-0577) with high bootstrap support (100% ML, 100% MP,1.00 BYPP). Neovaginatispora fuckelii species have been recorded previously from various dead herbaceous twigs including Vitis coignetiae ( Thambugala et al. 2015) . Wang & Lin (2004) described a Neovaginatispora fuckelii which occurs on leaves of Mangifera indica by using morphological characteristics without DNA sequence data. Neovaginatispora fuckelii has a cosmopolitan distribution, since they have been recorded from both temperate and tropical countries viz. China, Japan, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan and UK ( Wang & Lin 2004, Thambugala et al. 2015, Hyde et al. 2016). Neovaginatispora fuckelii species are different from other Vaginatispora species in having a thinner peridium (up to 25 μm in thickness), that is uniformly thick and composed of 2 zones ( Thambugala et al. 2015, Hashimoto et al. 2018).

Figures

FIGURE 2. Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae (holotype, MFLU 18-0068) a Appearance of ascomata on host. b Close-up of ascomata. c–d Vertical sections through ascomata. e Peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–h Asci. i–k Ascospores. l Germinated ascospore. m Colony from above. n Colony from below. Scale bars: c–d = 100 μm, e = 20 μm, f = 30 μm, g–h = 20 μm, i–l = 10 μm.