Pseudosaldula bergi (Haglund)

Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT, 2009, Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (323), pp. 1-102 : 27-30

Pseudosaldula bergi (Haglund) Plates 1, 2, 6, 7A, B; figures 1 , 2 , 7 ; map 4

Salda bergi Haglund, 1899: 176 (n. sp.).

Saldula sola Drake and Carvalho, 1948: 476 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.

Saldula paralia Torres, 1954: 88 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.

Pseudosaldula cobbeni China, 1962: 715 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.

Oreokora bergi : Drake, 1962: 121 (n. comb.).

Oreokora sola Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).

Pseudosaldula paralia : Polhemus, 1976: 236 (n. comb.).

Pseudosaldula bergi : Schuh et al., 1987: 315 (n. comb., cat.).

DIAGNOSIS: All known specimens brachypterous, females relatively large, heavy bodied; head, pronotum, and scutellum moderately polished, hemelytra uniformly dull except for narrow polished area along claval commissure; vestiture of dorsum composed of mostly dull, reclining, dark, relatively short, simple setae with a very few golden shining setae intermixed. Potentially confused with P. pilosa , except that species with long, erect, dark vestiture on dorsum. In contrast with most other Pseudosaldula spp ., P. bergi usually found at the upper margin of the intertidal zone in the southerly part of the overall distributional range of the genus.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.69, width pronotum 1.35. COLORATION (pls. 1, 2): Hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark with cells of membrane and some areas of adjacent corium weakly pale, to totally pale with only a few small dark markings on hemelytron; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to weakly darkened, segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including at least apical portion of coxae, largely pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pls. 1, 2; figs. 7B–D ): Corium and membrane dull except along claval commissure. Vestiture of dorsum, including veins of membrane composed of mostly dull, reclining, dark, relatively short, simple setae with a few golden shining setae intermixed. STRUCTURE (pls. 1, 2): Known only from brachypterous forms, body in most specimens teardrop shaped, broadest just posterior to midpoint of claval commissure. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins nearly straight, distinctly narrowed anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing usually with five distinct cells, sometimes reduced to four in brachypterous forms. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 2 , 7E–G ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin smoothly rounded; posterior margin weakly curving. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.

Female (pl. 2): Total length 4.22, width pronotum 1.58. COLORATION (pl. 2): As in male; subgenital plate broadly translucent apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 2): As in male. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Most known collection localities range from sea level in Chile to about 800 meters in Chubut and Neuquen provinces of western Argentina. Available habitat data indicate that about 25% of the collecting localities are relatively protected areas of coastline with short vegetative cover at the high tide mark. Remaining collections are about equally divided between muddy areas with some short, emergent vegetation and seep areas, often with matlike vegetation.

DISTRIBUTION: Lake Region of Chile south to Tierra del Fuego, as well as from the adjacent foothill area of the Andes in Chubut and Neuquen provinces of Argentina.

DISCUSSION: Comparison of the type specimens of bergi Haglund , cobbeni China, sola Drake , and paratypes of paralia Torres indicates that all four are synonyms, the first having priority. The holotype of P. bergi is of the light-colored morph of the species, with completely pale hemelytra and the pronotum with very broad, pale, lateral margins. The holotype of sola , with the exception of the clavus adjacent to the scutellum, has hemelytra of an almost totally uniform rust color. The holotype of cobbeni is of the dark-colored morph of the species, with the hemelytra almost totally castaneous to nearly black, with the exception of the pale maculations characteristic of all Pseudosaldula spp .

Drake’s (1962) synonymy of Saldula lynchi Drake and Carvalho with bergi Haglund is almost certainly erroneous. The type locality for lynchi, Chascomus , in Buenos Aires Province, is completely out of the known range of all Pseudosaldula spp . We have not been able to locate the type of lynchi , although Drake and Carvalho (1948) indicated that it was deposited in the Museo de la Plata, Argentina.

HOLOTYPE: brachypterous female, ‘‘Gente, Grande Bay; Tierra del Fuego; O Nordenskiöld; 27/12.95; Typus; Salda bergi Typ ! Hagl.’’ Deposited in Natural History Museum , Stockholm.

HOLOTYPES OF SYNONYMS: Pseudosaldula cobbeni China: brachypterous male, ‘‘shore; Type; CHILE: Puerto Williams, 29.i.1959; Roy. Soc. Exped. S. Chile 1958–59, G. Kuschel Coll.; specimen figured; Pseudosaldula cobbeni China HOLOTYPE, W. E. China det. 1962.’’ Deposited in the BMNH. Pseudosaldula sola Drake and Carvalho : brachypterous male, ‘‘Rio Negro, Argentina; Saldula sola Drake ; C. J. Drake Coll. 1956.’’ Deposited in the USNM. Holotype of Pseudosaldula paralia (Torres) from Rio Grande, Tierra del Fuego, which is deposited in the Museo de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina, was examined, but not compared directly with other types.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Chubut: 108 km W of Rio Mayo, 45.56 ° S 71.26 ° W, 720 m, 21 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 000- 22572) (AMNH). Neuquen: 51 km S of San Martin de los Andes, 44.45 ° S 70.43 ° W, 800 m, 12 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022570, AMNH_ENT 00022571) (AMNH). Tierra del Fuego: Ushuaia, 54.8 ° S 68.3 ° W, 21 Jan 1960, A.O. Bachmann, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023873) (JTPC). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00023871, AMNH_ENT 00023872) (MACN). CHILE: Aisen del Gen. Carlos Ibanez del Campo - Region XI: Aisen Prov.: Reserva Nac Rio Simpson, Rio Simpson btwn Coyhaique & Aisen, 45.4 ° S 72.53 ° W, 20 m, 20 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022573, AMNH_ENT

00022574) ( AMNH). 3 km S of Puyuguape, shore line of Puyuguape Channel , 44.42 ° S 72.58 ° W, 310 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023967 ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023967 ), 20 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023967 ), 303 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022355 – AMNH _ ENT 00022384 ), 15♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022385 – AMNH _ ENT 00022392 , AMNH _ ENT 00022561 – AMNH _ENT 000- 22567) ( AMNH). 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 22393– AMNH _ ENT 00022394 , AMNH _ ENT 00022568 – AMNH _ ENT 00022569 ) ( MNNC). Araucania - Region IX: Malleco Prov. : Par. Nac. Nahuelbuta, 37.78 ° S 72.98 ° W, 1100 m, 19 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023989 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023989 ), 11 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023989 , AMNH _ ENT 00023990 ) ( AMNH). Bio-Bio - Region VIII: Arauco Prov. : Lago Lanalhue, 37.9 ° S 73.3 ° W, 10 m, 08 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023629 ) ( AMNH). Los Lagos - Region X: Chiloe Prov. : 4 km SE of Rilan at Aquanto, 42.52906 ° S 73.58348 ° W, 30 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023343 – AMNH _ ENT 00023345 , AMNH _ ENT 00023937 ), 7♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23166, AMNH _ ENT 00023346 , AMNH _ ENT 00023937 ), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023937 ), 233 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022413 – AMNH _ ENT 00022435 ), 16♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022436 – AMNH _ ENT 00022451 ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023804 , AMNH _ ENT 00023805 ) ( JTPC). 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022452 , AMNH _ ENT 00022453 ) ( MNNC). 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022454 , AMNH _ ENT 00022455 ) ( USNM). Chonchi, 42.61277 ° S 73.80916 ° W, 46 m, 02 Dec 1966, J. Solenvicens A., 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022400 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022396 ) ( AMNH). Just E of Ancud, 41.87 ° S 73.83 ° W, 8 m, 27 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023938 ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023938 ), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023938 ), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022224 – AMNH _ENT 000- 22231), 12♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022232 – AMNH _ ENT 00022243 ) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023817 ) ( JTPC). near Chepu at mouth of Rio Butalcura, 42.05 ° S 73.98 ° W, 4 m, 28 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023935 ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022403 – AMNH _ ENT 00022412 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022402 ) ( AMNH). Llanquihue Prov. : Maullin, 41.6178 ° S 73.5983 ° W, 1 m, 16 Nov 1957, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023641 – AMNH _ ENT 00023643 ) ( CNC). Palena Prov.: Chaiten, 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 17 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023940 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023940 ), 15 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023940 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022222 , AMNH _ ENT 00022223 ) ( AMNH) ; 06 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023165 , AMNH _ENT 000- 23354, AMNH _ ENT 00023942 ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023355 – AMNH _ENT 000- 23357, AMNH _ ENT 00023942 ), 6 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023942 ), 193 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022244 – AMNH _ ENT 00022262 ), 31♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022267 – AMNH _ENT 000- 22297) ( AMNH). 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023- 799 – AMNH _ ENT 00023803 ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023813 – AMNH _ ENT 00023816 , AMNH _ ENT 00023818 – AMNH _ENT 000- 23819) ( JTPC). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022263 , AMNH _ ENT 00022264 ) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022265 , AMNH _ENT 000- 22266) ( USNM). Chaiten , 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 8 m, 06 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23934), 2 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023934 ) ( AMNH). Valdivia Prov. : 15 km S Lenco (55 km NW of Rio Negro), Puelche, 40.0183 ° S 72.18333 ° W, 1150 m, 24 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023939 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023939 ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023939 ), 203 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022456 – AMNH _ ENT 00022475 ), 19♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022479 – AMNH _ ENT 00022497 ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022476 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022498 ) ( MACN). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022477 , AMNH _ ENT 00022478 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022499 , AMNH _ ENT 00022500 ) ( MNNC). Lenco, 39.88333 ° S 72.18333 ° W, 150 m, 24 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022575 , AMNH _ ENT 00022576 ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022577 – AMNH _ENT 000- 22579) ( AMNH). Magallanes y Antartica Chilena - Region XII: Magallanes Prov. : 25 km S Punta Arenas, 53.3569 ° S 70.97711 ° W, 1 m, 17 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023349 , AMNH _ ENT 00023350 ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023351 – AMNH _ENT 000- 23353), 693 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022298 – AMNH _ ENT 00022340 , AMNH _ENT 000- 22349– AMNH _ ENT 00022354 , AMNH _ ENT 00022501 – AMNH _ ENT 00022520 ), 32♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022521 – AMNH _ ENT 00022547 , AMNH _ ENT 00022556 – AMNH _ ENT 00022560 ) ( AMNH). 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023806 – AMNH _ ENT 00023810 ), 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023820 – AMNH _ ENT 00023824 ) ( JTPC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00- 022341, AMNH _ ENT 00022342 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022548 , AMNH _ENT 00- 022549) ( MACN). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00- 022345, AMNH _ ENT 00022346 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022552 , AMNH _ENT 00- 022553) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00- 022343, AMNH _ ENT 00022344 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022550 , AMNH _ENT 00- 022551) ( IMLA). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00- 022347, AMNH _ ENT 00022348 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022554 , AMNH _ENT 000- 22555) ( USNM) ; 23 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023941 ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023941 ), 20 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023941 ) ( AMNH). Punta Arenas , 53.15 ° S 70.91666 ° W, 34 m, 13 Feb 1951, R. Barriento, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022398 ) ( JTPC). Tierra del Fuego Prov. : Porvenir, 53.3 ° S 70.3667 ° W, 13 m, 16 Feb 1988, Daccordi, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23347) ( HEISS). Ultima Esperanza Prov. : 6 km SE Puerto Natales, 51.75871 ° S 72.4259 ° W, 90 m, 18 Dec 1981 – 20 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh, B. M. Massie, 73 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023164 , AMNH _ ENT 00023358 – AMNH _ ENT 00023359 , AMNH _ ENT 00023936 , AMNH _ ENT 00023968 ), 9♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023936 , AMNH _ ENT 00023968 ), 29 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023936 , AMNH _ENT 000- 23968), 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022210 – AMNH _ ENT 00022214 ), 11♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 22199– AMNH _ ENT 00022209 ) ( AMNH). Par Nac Torres del Paine , Lagunade Cisnes, 51.15 ° S 72.74 ° W, 220 m, 19 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023969 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023348 , AMNH _ ENT 00023969 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022217 ) ( AMNH). Maule - Region VII: Curico Prov. : Vegas de Vagara, Rio Teno, 34.98333 ° S 71.38333 ° W, 2700 m, 20 Jan 1964, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023811 , AMNH _ ENT 00023812 ) ( JTPC) .

Figures

Map 4. Distribution of Pseudosaldula bergi.

Fig. 1. Parandria of 14 Pseudosaldula spp. and two Saldula spp.

Fig. 2. Parameres of Pseudosaldula andensis–penai. Note: The point of insertion of many setae on the paramere cannot be seen because the paramere is heavily sclerotized and nearly opaque. Setae are therefore not drawn to show their exact distribution in many cases, but only to show their lengths and numbers. Nonetheless, the setae of the processes sensualis are drawn so as to accurately portray their number and distribution.

Fig. 7. Pseudosaldula bergi (scanning electron micrographs). A. Lateral view of whole specimen. B. Lateral view of base of hemelytron showing short recumbent setae and dense covering of microtrichia on dorsum and polished radial vein. C. Microtricha on forewing. D. Membrane of forewing showing setae on veins. E. Ventral face of left paramere, apical half. F. Detail of ventral face of left paramere at level of processus sensualis. G. Apex of left paramere showing short setiform sensors.