Pseudosaldula penai, Schuh & Polhemus, 2009

Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT, 2009, Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (323), pp. 1-102 : 47-50

Pseudosaldula penai , new species Plate 3; figures 1 , 2 ; map 8

DIAGNOSIS: Macropterous or brachypterous; recognized by antennal segment 1 with a black stripe lateroventrally, foretibia unicolorous pale, and dorsum uniformly and densely clothed with reclining, shining, golden setae intermixed with reclining black setae of moderate length, the latter readily visible on the lateral margin of the pronotum and in specimens with pale hemelytra; also, veins of membrane in forewing with a few setae as on corium and hemelytra dull, except for partially polished area along claval commissure, with scattered areas of weak pruinosity. Entirely dull hemelytra with reclining golden and black setae similar to condition found in P. chilensis and P. vulgaris ; hemelytra also entirely dull in P. pilosa , but that species with long, erect, black, shaggy setae on dorsum; black stripe lateroventrally on antennal segment 1 also seen in P. chilensis and P. salina , but the former species with a black stripe also dorsomedially on antennal segment 1 and the latter species with only reclining black setae on the dorsum. Also, potentially confused with P. bergi , but that species with a unicolorous pale antennal segment 1 and with only a very few golden, shining setae on the dorsum.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.29, width pronotum 1.30. COLORATION (pl. 3): Hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark with cells of membrane at least partially pale and corium and clavus with scattered weakly pruinose areas, to largely pale with only anterior two-thirds of clavus and base of corium dark and with pruinose areas appearing almost white; antennal segment 1 mostly pale with a black ventrolateral stripe on basal two-thirds, segment 2 pale to weakly darkened, and segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including at least apical portion of coxae, largely pale with some brown spots on femora. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 3): Hemelytron dull except half of claval commissure polished at area of overlap. Vestiture of dorsum consisting of medium length reclining black setae intermixed with golden shining setae; veins of membrane with a few setae. STRUCTURE: Known from macropterous and brachypterous forms, body ranging from ovoid in the former to teardrop shaped in the latter. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins straight to weakly convex, distinctly narrowing anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing with five distinct cells, even in brachypterous forms. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 2 ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin straight, angled posterolaterally; posterior margin weakly concave. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.

Female (pl. 3): Total length 3.27, width pronotum 1.30. COLORATION (pl. 3): As in male; subgenital plate broadly pale apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 3): As in male; macropterous and brachypterous forms with a few setae on veins of membrane. STRUCTURE: Known from macropterous and brachypterous forms. Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the late Luis Peña, who collected a significant amount of material used in this project and who has contributed greatly to our understanding of the insect fauna of Chile.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 2900 and 4500 meters, with many of the specimens coming from altitudes in excess of 4000 meters. Available habitat data indicate that P. penai is almost always encountered on seep areas with extensive vegetative cover.

DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia, extreme northern Chile, and northwestern Argentina.

DISCUSSION: This species was collected at the highest altitude for any known Pseudosaldula species, 4500 meters east of La Quiaca, Jujuy Province, Argentina. Known habitats are similar to those in which P. vulgaris has been commonly collected. Nonetheless, the two species are allopatric.

HOLOTYPE: ARGENTINA: Salta: just NW of Santa Rosa de Tastil on Rt 51, 24.4415 ° S 65.96683 ° W, 3215 m, 18 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023372 ) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: 15 km NW of Abra Pampa, 22.51666 ° S 65.86666 ° W, 3920 m, 14 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023130– AMNH _ENT 00023132), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023125– AMNH _ENT 000- 23127) ( AMNH). 20 km S of Yoscaba, stream flowing into Lago Pozuelos, 22.26666 ° S 66.03333 ° W, 3710 m, 14 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00020875), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023065), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023064) ( AMNH). 22 km E of Yavi, 22.14 ° S 65.23 ° W, 4040 m, 12 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023063, AMNH _ENT 00023095) ( AMNH). 45 km E of La Quiaca, 22.21666 ° S 65.26666 ° W, 4100 m, 12 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 63 ( AMNH _ENT 00023374, AMNH _ENT 00023478– AMNH _ENT 00023482), 10♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023375– AMNH _ENT 000- 23376, AMNH _ENT 00023483– AMNH _ ENT 00023490) ( AMNH). 49 km E of LaQuica, 22.23333 ° S 65.25 ° W, 4300 m, 12 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 143 ( AMNH _ENT 00023062, AMNH _ENT 00023103– AMNH _ENT 000- 23112, AMNH _ENT 00023114– AMNH _ ENT 00023116), 6♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23118– AMNH _ENT 00023123) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023113), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023124) ( JTPC). 7 km E of Cienaguillas, betw LaQuica/Cienaguillas, 22.1 ° S 65.8 ° W, 3750 m, 14 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023378), 53 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23082– AMNH _ENT 00023086), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023128, AMNH _ENT 00023129) ( AMNH). 9 km E of Iturbe, 22.21666 ° S 65.16666 ° W, 3460 m, 15 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 73 ( AMNH _ENT 00023323, AMNH _ENT 00023379, AMNH _ ENT 00023473– AMNH _ENT 00023477), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023059) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00020877) ( IMLA). Cuesta de Lipan, 28 km W of Parmamarca on Rt 52, 23.6815 ° S 65.62666 ° W, 3825 m, 16 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023381), 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023133– AMNH _ENT 00023135) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023143) ( MACN). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023144) ( IMLA). Cueva Iturbe, 22.98 ° S 65.35 ° W, 3700 m, 10 Nov 1899, Weiser, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023868, AMNH _ENT 00023874) ( MACN). El Quemado, blw summit Abra Potrerillo on Rt 52, 23.69383 ° S 65.64933 ° W, 4170 m, 16 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00023136– AMNH _ENT 00023139), 8♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023146– AMNH _ENT 00023153) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023140), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023154) ( JTPC). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23158) ( MACN). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23142), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023157) ( MNNC). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023145), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023159, AMNH _ENT 00023160) ( IMLA). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023141), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023155, AMNH _ENT 000- 23156) ( USNM). Ronqui Angosto, 12 km E of Rt 40 on Rt 52, 23.69666 ° S 65.72666 ° W, 3735 m, 16 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23377), 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023087– AMNH _ ENT 00023089), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023090) ( AMNH). along river just N of Yavi, 22.13333 ° S 65.45 ° W, 3500 m, 13 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023640), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023061), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023060) ( AMNH). Salta: 17 km W of Santa Victoria, 22.2 ° S 65.06 ° W, 3488 m, 13 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023056) ( AMNH). Abra Lizoite, 1–2 km blw summit on Prov Rt 7 btw La Quica/Santa Victoria, 22.21 ° S 65.18 ° W, 4500 m, 12 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023091, AMNH _ENT 00023117) ( AMNH). Rt 7, km 17, 57 km W of Santa Victoria, 22.21666 ° S 65.16666 ° W, 4500 m, 12 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023380), 113 ( AMNH _ENT 00023036– AMNH _ENT 00023046), 9♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023047– AMNH _ENT 00023055) ( AMNH). just NW of Santa Rosa de Tastil on Rt 51, 24.4415 ° S 65.96683 ° W, 3215 m, 18 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 6♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023373, AMNH _ENT 00023964– AMNH _ENT 00023965), 363 ( AMNH _ENT 00023008, AMNH _ENT 000- 23010– AMNH _ENT 00023017, AMNH _ ENT 00023019– AMNH _ENT 00023021, AMNH _ENT 00023028– AMNH _ENT 000- 23035, AMNH _ENT 00023066– AMNH _ ENT 00023081), 26♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- f22972– AMNH _ENT 00022997) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023026), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023004) ( EELM). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023009, AMNH _ENT 00023022), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022998– AMNH _ENT 000- 23000) ( JTPC). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023- 027), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023007) ( MACN). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023024), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023003) ( MNNC). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023025), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23005, AMNH _ENT 00023006) ( IMLA). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023023), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023001, AMNH _ENT 00023002) ( USNM). km 59.5 on Rt 51, 24.71 ° S 65.76 ° W, 2555 m, 18 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023950), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23950) ( AMNH). Tucuman: 16 km W of Tafi del Valle on Rt 307, 26.7685 ° S 65.73083 ° W, 2900 m, 21 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023058) ( AMNH). [Paso] Infernillo on Rt 307, 31 km E of Amaicha del Valle, 26.74 ° S 65.76 ° W, 3030 m, 21 Feb 1983, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023057) ( AMNH). BOLIVIA: La Paz: 10 km SE of Copacabana (Omasuyos Province), 16.1924 ° S 69.04693 ° W, 4115 m, 03 Sep 1989, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023743), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023753), 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023096, AMNH _ENT 00023100– AMNH _ENT 000- 23101), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023097, AMNH _ ENT 00023098) ( JTPC). 20 km S Copacabana, 16.20468 ° S 69.01663 ° W, 3944 m, 03 Sep 1989, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023099) ( JTPC). Alto Rio Kaluyo, 16.467 ° S 68.133 ° W, 4100 m, 17 Aug 1980, W.H., 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023745), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023754, AMNH _ENT 00023755) ( JTPC). CHILE: Tarapaca - Region I: Iquique Prov..: 30 km E Alto Chiapa, 19.53 ° S 68.93 ° W, 4100 m, 25 Apr 1969, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023102) ( AMNH).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Salta: just NW of Santa Rosa de Tastil on Rt 51, 24.4415 ° S 65.96683 ° W, 3215 m, 18 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 63 (AMNH_ENT 00023964, AMNH_ENT 00023965), 19 nymphs (AMNH_ ENT 00023963–AMNH_ENT 00023965) (AMNH). km 59.5 on Rt 51, 24.71 ° S 65.76 ° W, 2555 m, 18 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 10 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023950) (AMNH).

Figures

Map 8. Distribution of Pseudosaldula penai.

Fig. 1. Parandria of 14 Pseudosaldula spp. and two Saldula spp.

Fig. 2. Parameres of Pseudosaldula andensis–penai. Note: The point of insertion of many setae on the paramere cannot be seen because the paramere is heavily sclerotized and nearly opaque. Setae are therefore not drawn to show their exact distribution in many cases, but only to show their lengths and numbers. Nonetheless, the setae of the processes sensualis are drawn so as to accurately portray their number and distribution.