Pseudosaldula salina, Schuh & Polhemus, 2009

Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT, 2009, Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (323), pp. 1-102 : 55-61

Pseudosaldula salina , new species Plates 4, 6; figures 1 , 15 ; map 11

DIAGNOSIS: Relatively small, always macropterous; antennal segment 1 with a black stripe ventrolaterally; all tibiae with a more or less well-defined black stripe on the dorsal surface; lateral margins of pronotum straight, subparallel, costal margin of hemelytra straight, providing a less distinctly oval appearance than in all other known Pseudosaldula spp .; dorsal vestiture sparse, short, recumbent, matching background coloration. Some specimens with distinctly reddish coloration. Black stripe on antennal segment 1 similar to condition in P. chilensis and P. penai , but both of those species with golden setae on the dorsum, the former species with a black stripe also dorsomedially on antennal segment 1, the latter species lacking the black stripe on the dorsal surface of the tibiae. Similar in appearance to members of the Chiloxanthinae such as Paralosalda innova .

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.52, width pronotum 1.24. COLORATION (pl. 4): Pronotum narrowly pale laterally; hemelytron dark, with extensive pale areas, with cells weakly darkened, darker basally; clavus, adjacent endocorium, posterolateral portion of endocorium, and usually stripe on exocorium along embolium dark; antennal segment 1 pale with a black stripe ventrolaterally, apex of segment 2 pale, remainder of segment 2 and segments 3 and 4 darkened; legs, including coxae, largely pale, weakly darkened, forefemur black on ventral surface. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): Head, pronotum, and scutellum finely granular, barely shining; hemelytron dull, without pruinose areas. Vestiture of dorsum with numerous, short to moderate length, recumbent, dark setae; membrane with sparse short setae on veins. STRUCTURE (pl. 4): Known only from macropterous forms; body elongate, nearly parallel sided, somewhat compressed; head lacking neck, drawn into pronotum. Thorax: Pronotum trapezoidal, appearing relatively short, with lateral margins nearly straight, only weakly converging anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing with cell 5 long, fully formed, approaching length of cell 4. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 15A–C ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin smoothly rounded; posterior margin weakly curving, with medial moundlike protrusion. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.

Female (pl. 4): Total length 3.39, width pronotum 1.16. COLORATION (pl. 4): As in male; subgenital plate distally pale, translucent, margin sinuate. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): As in male, except membrane completely devoid of setae. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its occurrence in a saline environment, from the Latin salinus, ‘‘salty’’.

DISTRIBUTION: Jujuy Province, northern Argentina, near the margin of the Salinas Grandes, one of the immense salt lakes on the high Andean plateau.

ENT 00023505) (AMNH). 113 (AMNH_ ENT 00023503–AMNH_ENT 00023504, AMNH_ENT 00024026–AMNH_ENT 000- 24034), 7♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023506, AMNH_ ENT 00024036–AMNH_ENT 00024041) (JTPC). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00024024, AMNH_ ENT 00024025), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00024035) (IMLA).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: 9 km W jct Rts 40 & 52 on E side of Salinas Grandes, 23.56666 ° S 65.83333 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 1 nymph (AMNH_ENT 00024042) (JTPC).

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known from a single locality at 3440 meters. Available specimens were collected on sparsely vegetated muskeglike area around a small saline pond; soil with some crusted salt.

DISCUSSION: This taxon is unlike most species of Pseudosaldula in the conformation of the head and pronotum, which look very much like the form seen in some members of the Chiloxanthinae , and the complete lack of pruinosity and shining setae on the dorsum. The coloration of many specimens is strongly reddish, a phenomenon that may be associated with life in saline habitats.

HOLOTYPE: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: 9 km W jct Rts 40 & 52 on E side of Salinas Grandes , 23.56666 ° S 65.83333 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023414 ) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: 9 km W jct Rts 40 & 52 on E side of Salinas Grandes, 23.56666 ° S 65.83333 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 63 ( AMNH _ENT 00023415– AMNH _ENT 00023418, AMNH _ENT 00023501– AMNH _ ENT 00023502), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23419– AMNH _ENT 00023420, AMNH _

Pseudosaldula saxicola , new species Plates 4, 6, 8A, B; figures 1 , 3 , 16 , 17 ; map 12

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the campanulate pronotum with a moderately concave to nearly straight lateral margin, the dorsal vestiture composed of reclining, mostly golden, simple setae of moderate length, and the posterolateral angle of the corium usually with a conspicuous large pale macula. Most similar to P. antioquia and P. yungas in pronotal structure and lack of pruinose areas on the hemelytra, but the former species consistently smaller, with only black, suberect, simple setae on the hemelytra, and with a more northerly distribution, and the latter species of similar size and southerly distribution but with only long, erect, black setae on hemelytra, as readily seen in lateral view.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.81, width pronotum 1.32. COLORATION (pl. 4; fig. 16 ): Hemelytron generally dark with extensive pale maculations, cells of membrane weakly to heavily darkened; hemelytron consistently with a large white maculation posteriorly on exocorium; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to weakly darkened, segments 3 and 4 more heavily darkened; legs, including coxae, largely pale with scattered dark spots; apex of foretibia with a narrow, contrasting, dark band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): Hemleytra mostly dull, without pruinose areas, claval commissure partially polished. Vestiture of dorsum with numerous recumbent golden, shining setae, without long dark setae; veins of membrane with a few short dark setae. STRUCTURE (pl. 4; fig. 16 ): Known from macropterous and submacropterous forms, body broadest at about level of midpoint of claval commissure, not so distinctly ovoid as in many species of Pseudosaldula . Thorax: Pronotum campanulate, lateral margins weakly concave, rarely straight. Hemelytra: Cells of membrane long, fully formed, cell 5 distinctly shorter than 4. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 3 , 17A, B, D ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin appearing smoothly rounded with transmitted light, sinuous with scanning electron microscopy ( fig. 17D ); posterior margin weakly curving. Parameres: Processus sensualis with,40 setae; paramere body broad at level of processus sensualis.

Female (pl. 4): Total length 4.23, width pronotum 1.47. COLORATION (pl. 4): As in male; subgenital plate distally dark, translucent. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): As in male. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its habit of living on stones, usually in streams, from the Latin saxicolus, ‘‘rock loving’’.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 1000–3500 meters. Available habitat data indicate specimens were collected on seeping vertical rock faces or on large rocks in forest streams.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy provinces in northern Argentina as well as from Cuzco Department, Peru.

DISCUSSION: All specimens from Argentina are macropterous, whereas the single specimen from Cuzco Department, Peru, is submacropterous or brachypterous.

HOLOTYPE: ARGENTINA: Tucuman: 21 km E of Tafi del Valle , 26.9 ° S 65.5 ° W, 1715 m, 21 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023394 ) ( AMNH). 27 km NW of

Monteros, 27.03 ° S 65.64 ° W, 1000 m, 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023425) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: 20 km N of Jujuy, 24 ° S 65.3 ° W, 2000 m, 11 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023507, AMNH _ ENT 00023996), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023432, AMNH _ENT 00023521, AMNH _ENT 000- 23996) ( AMNH). between Laguna de Yala/Rt 9, just NW of Jujuy, 24.178 ° S 65.465 ° W, 1835 m, 10 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023429, AMNH _ENT 00023513, AMNH _ ENT 00023515), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023527, AMNH _ENT 00023528) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023514) ( IMLA). Salta: just above Escoipe on Rt 33, 25.174 ° S 65.7645 ° W, 2120 m, 19 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 93 ( AMNH _ENT 00023388– AMNH _ENT 00023391, AMNH _ENT 000- 23426, AMNH _ENT 00023508– AMNH _ ENT 00023511), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23522– AMNH _ENT 00023524) ( AMNH). 163 ( AMNH _ENT 00023392, AMNH _ENT 00024043– AMNH _ENT 00024057), 13♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00024058– AMNH _ENT 000- 24070) ( JTPC). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023512), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023526) ( IMLA). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023525) ( USNM). Tucuman: 21 km E of Tafi del Valle, 26.9 ° S 65.5 ° W, 1715 m, 21 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023393, AMNH _ENT 00023427), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023395, AMNH _ENT 00023428, AMNH _ENT 00023518– AMNH _ ENT 00023519) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023520) ( USNM). 27 km NW of Monteros, 27.03 ° S 65.64 ° W, 1000 m, 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023628, AMNH _ENT 00023947), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023947), 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00022966– AMNH _ENT 00022967, AMNH _ ENT 00022970) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023834), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023836) ( JTPC). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022971) ( IMLA). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00022968, AMNH _ENT 00022969) ( USNM). 29 km NW of Monteros, 27.04 ° S 65.62 ° W, 1000 m, 03 Jan 1982, R. T. Schuh, B. M. Massie, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023433) ( AMNH). 36 km NW of Monteros, 26.91 ° S 65.69 ° W, 1300 m, 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023949), 6♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023422– AMNH _ENT 00023423, AMNH _ ENT 00023516– AMNH _ENT 00023517, AMNH _ENT 00023949), 63 ( AMNH _ENT 00022959, AMNH _ENT 00022961– AMNH _ ENT 00022965), 5♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022954– AMNH _ENT 00022958) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023835), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023837) ( JTPC). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 22960) ( IMLA). Cerro San Javier, 26.7833 ° S 65.3833 ° W, 1041 m, 07 Apr 1950, P. Wygodzinsky, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023430), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023431) ( AMNH). El Indio W of Acheral, Rio los Soza, 960 m, 21 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023948), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023948) ( AMNH). Tafí del Valle, 26.85464 ° S 65.71341 ° W, 2000 m, 01 Oct 1957, Unknown, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022953) ( AMNH). PERU: Cusco: Choco, 15.0222 ° S 71.3089 ° W, 3500 m, 05 Aug 1965, P. and B. Wygodzinsky, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023434) ( AMNH).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Jujuy: 20 km N of Jujuy, 24 ° S 65.3 ° W, 2000 m, 11 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 8 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023997, AMNH_ENT 00023998) (AMNH). Salta: just above Escoipe on Rt 33, 25.174 ° S 65.7645 ° W, 2120 m, 19 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 2 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 000- 24071, AMNH_ENT 00024072) (JTPC). Tucuman: 27 km NW of Monteros, 27.03 ° S 65.64 ° W, 1000 m, 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 3 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023947) (AMNH). 36 km NW of Monteros, 26.91 ° S 65.69 ° W, 1300 m, 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 5 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023949) (AMNH). El Indio W of Acheral, Rio los Soza, 960 m, 21 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 5 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023948) (AMNH).

Figures

Map 11. Distribution of Pseudosaldula salina.

Map 12. Distribution of Pseudosaldula saxicola.

Fig. 1. Parandria of 14 Pseudosaldula spp. and two Saldula spp.

Fig. 15. Pseudosaldula salina (scanning electron micrographs): Left paramere. A. View of ventral face at level of processus sensualis. B. Medioventral view of setae on processus sensualis. C. Apex of left paramere showing short setiform sensors. D. Detail of gland pore on paramere.

Fig. 3. Parameres of Pseudosaldula perula–yungas. Note: The point of insertion of many setae on the paramere cannot be seen because the paramere is heavily sclerotized and nearly opaque. Setae are therefore not drawn to show their exact distribution in many cases, but only to show their lengths and numbers. Nonetheless, the setae of the processes sensualis are drawn so as to accurately portray their number and distribution.

Fig. 16. Habitus of Pseudosaldula saxicola.

Fig. 17. Pseudosaldula saxicola (scanning electron micrographs). Right paramere. A. Apical view showing comblike arrangement of long setae. B. Medioventral view of setae on processus sensualis. C. Detail of gland pore on paramere. D. Dorsal view of parandria.