Rineloricaria nudipectoris, Mejia & Ferraro & Buckup, 2023

Mejia, Eduardo, Ferraro, Gustavo A. & Buckup, Paulo A., 2023, A new species of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from coastal drainages of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, Neotropical Ichthyology (e 220083) 21 (1), pp. 1-20 : 5-14

Rineloricaria nudipectoris , new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEFD2515-D72B-425D-AAF0-E1AFF2AA4A9E

( Figs. 2–3 , 4A–B ; Tab. 2)

Holotype. MNRJ 49345 , 88.8 mm SL, male, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Macacu behind the Riviera III restaurant at RJ-116 highway, 22°29’01”S 42°39’42”W, 13 Nov 2014, P. A. Buckup, D. F. M. Moraes Jr. & G. L. Vergara.

Paratypes. All from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, rio Macacu basin, collected in the same locality as the holotype: MCP 54888 , 5 , 85.1–96.3 mm SL, 4 Sep 1996, G. W. Nunan, K. M. Grosser, W. Koch & D. F. Moraes. MNRJ 14844 , 174 , 31.2–113.6 mm SL (27, 83.7–113.6 mm SL), 4 Sep 1996, G. W. Nunan, K. M. Grosser, W. Koch & D. F. Moraes. MNRJ 37103 , 12 , 36.9–59.8 mm SL, 27 Apr 2010, P. A. Buckup, F. L. K. Salgado, J. R. Gomes, C. Cramer, A. P. C. Rodrigues & A. R. L. Ferreira. MNRJ 43536 , 14 , 59.5–100.5 mm SL (6, 76.3–98.3 mm SL), collected with the holotype. MNRJ 48493 , 9 , 60.4–98.6 mm SL (5, 72.6–103.9 mm SL), 27 Apr 2010, P. A. Buckup, F. L. K. Salgado, J. R. Gomes & C. Cramer. MZUSP 126999 , 5 , 81.5–95.9 mm SL, 4 Sep 1996, G. W. Nunan, K. M. Grosser, W. Koch & D. F. Moraes .

Non-types. All from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State. Rio Macaé basin : MNRJ 28472 , 1, 115.2 mm SL, Casimiro de Abreu, rio Macaé, about 2 km downstream of Galico farmstead, 22°25’58”S 42°11’15”W, 5 Nov 2003 , M. F. G. Brito. MNRJ 28474 , 1 , 94.2 mm SL, Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, rio Macaé , at the mouth of rio Santiago , 22°21’33”S 42°21’22”W, 6 Dec 2002 , M. F. G. Brito. MNRJ 28476 , 2 , 100.4 – 112.4 mm SL, Nova Friburgo, Lumiar, rio Macaé , at Poço Feio , 22°21’05”S 42°19’56”W, 6 Dec 2002 , M. F. G. Brito. MNRJ 50750 , 15 , 48.9–115.8 mm SL, Nova Friburgo, rio Macaé, in front of Campinho Doce campsite, downstream of Lumiar , 22°21’27”S 42°18’54”W, 27 Jun 2017 , P. A. Buckup, D. F. Moraes Jr., V. Brito, I. C. A. S. Santos & G. A. Ferraro . MNRJ 50807 , 1 , 82.3 mm SL, Casimiro de Abreu, rio Macaé near Casimiro de Abreu , Sana highway, 22°25’19”S 42°12’27”W, 28 Jun 2017 , P. A. Buckup, D. F. Moraes Jr., V. Brito, I. C. A. S. Santos & G. A. Ferraro . MNRJ 51075 , 7 , 70.5–118.7 mm SL, Nova Friburgo, rio Macaé, in front of Campinho Doce campsite, downstream of Lumiar , 22°21’27”S 42°18’54”W, 27 Jun 2017 , P. A. Buckup, V. De Brito, E. Malanski , R. M. Dias , V. Brito & I. C. A. S. Santos. Rio Macacu basin (upstream of confluence with rio Guapiaçu ) : MNRJ 13741 , 12 , 73.4–91.2 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Branco, left bank tributary of rio Bengala , 22°33’55”S 42°37’43”W, 21 Mar 1995 , P. A. Buckup & D. F. Moraes Jr. MNRJ 23829 , 6 , 42.6–87.7 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Macacu downstream of Cachoeiras de Macacu , near the cemetery on RJ-122 highway, 22°28’43”S 42°39’23”W, 9 Apr 1996 , D. F. Moraes, W. Koch, K. Grosser & M. R. Fernandes . MNRJ 23830 , 4 , 63.3–90.6 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Soarinho at bairro de Granada, locality of Papucaia , 22°37’00”S 42°43’00”W, 21 Jul 2001 , M. R. S. Melo & I. Silveira . MNRJ 23832 , 2 , 98.6–107.8 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Macacu , 22°36’07”S 42°45’03”W, 21 Jul 2001 , M. R. S. Melo . MNRJ 47199 , 9 , 1 cs, 72.3–91.2 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio Branco, access to Jororo road east of Japuíba , 22°33’37”S 42°40’34”W, 28 Apr 2016 , P. A. Buckup, M. R. Britto, C . R. Moreira, D. F. Moraes, S. A. Santos & G. S. Araujo . MNRJ 52324 , 10 , 48.7–72.2 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Macacu, tributary west of Riviera III restaurant, 22°29’13”S 42°39’46”W, 30 Aug 2019 , P. A. Buckup, I. Souto-Santos, G. A. Ferraro, K. C. Ferreira & T. F. de Barros. Rio Guapiaçu drainage : MNRJ 17797 , 5 , 53.9–93.5 mm SL, Guapimirim, rio Iconha at the bridge at Rancho Dom Pedrito , 22°31’00”S 42°58’04”W, 9 Nov 1998 , F. A. G. Melo, A. R. Cardoso & T. A. Jorge . MNRJ 18024 , 1 , 78.7 mm SL, Guapimirim, rio Paraiso near the entrance of fazenda Iguaçu , 22°31’09”S 42°53’50”W, 10 Dec 1998 , P. A. Buckup, F. A. G. Melo, M. R. S. Melo, L. M. Porto & M. C. Amorim . MNRJ 19621 , 7 , 68.1–94.6 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Guapiaçu 5 km from RJ-122 highway at fazenda Santo Estevão FEEMA, 22°31’00”S 42°49’00”W, 28 Aug 1999 , F. A. G. Melo & R. Rezende . MNRJ 20279 , 5 , 42.1–87.4 mm SL, Guapimirim, rio Iconha, dirt road marginal to rio Iconha , between Guapi-Mirim and RJ-122, 22°32’01”S 42°55’41”W, 25 Apr 2000 , M. R. S. Melo, A . T. Aranda, F. A. G. Melo & G. Souza . MNRJ 23831 , 17 , 50.9– 65.7 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, first bridge of rio Rabelo River crossing the road from Friburgo to Parada Modelo , 22°33’26.18”S 42°47’25.34”W, 29 May 1983 , Ictiologia and Malacologia labs ( MNRJ). MNRJ 26664 , 2 , 55.6–91.8 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, córrego do Gato at Serra do Mar farm, right margin of Guapiaçu , Guapi-Açu Private Ecological Reserve , 22°26’08”S 42°45’32”W, 15 Apr 2004 , P. A. Buckup, R. Campos-da-Paz & M. Ghazzi . MNRJ 27749 , 1 , 75.2 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, córrego do Gato at Serra do Mar farm, tributary of the right bank of Guapiaçu , 22°26’08”S 42°45’32”W, 11 Apr 2003 , L. M. Sarmento-Soares, J. H. C. Gomes & J. Soares Filho. MNRJ 27781 , 4 , 76.3 – 86.1 SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, pool at rio Guapiaçu, next to Guapiaçu vilage, 22°27’13”S 42°46’20”W, 13 Apr 2003 , P. A. Buckup & M. R. Britto . MNRJ 27805 , 4 , 89.3–103.9 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, córrego do Gato upstream of the bridge, 22°26’01”S 42°45’38”W, 1 May 2004 , L. M. Sarmento-Soares, A. T. Aranda , R. Pinheiro, P. Lopes & R. Guedes . MNRJ 27826 , 3 , 73.2–89.6 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Passa Vaca, tributary of Mariquita river , about 2 km upstream of Guapiaçu River , 22°25’54”S 42°44’59”W, 2 May 2004 , A. T. Aranda , R. Guedes & R. Pinheiro . MNRJ 42451 , 1 , 76.8 mm SL, Guapimirim, rio Paraiso, access bridge to number 6660 of the Adutora Paraíso road, 22°30’14”S 42°53’35”W, 14 Jun 2012 , P. A. Buckup, M. R. Britto, C. C. D. Quijada, G. A. Ferraro & J. C. Pascoli . MNRJ 48350 , 1 , 97.3 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Rabelo, at road from Funchal to Guapiaçu , 22°31’01”S 42°46’43”W, 27 Apr 2010 , P. A. Buckup, F. K. Salgado, J. R. Gomes, C. Cramer, A. P. C. Rodrigues & A . R. L. Ferreira . MNRJ 48495 , 5 , 61.1–83.6 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Guapiaçu, at the access bridge to the Guapi-Açu Private Ecological Reserve , 22°27’26”S 42°46’01”W, 15 Jul 2016 , E. B. Neuhaus & R. M. Dias . MNRJ 50652 , 2 , 76.1–99.7 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Guapiaçu, on the bridge before the access to Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve , 22°27’25”S 42°46’01”W, 11 Jun 2017 , E. B. Neuhaus & R. M. Dias . MNRJ 51247 , 13 , 34.9–100.5 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Guapiaçu, downstream and upstream of the access bridge to the headquarters of the Guapi-Açu Ecological Reserve , 22°27’28”S 42°46’05”W, 14 Dec 2017 , P. A. Buckup, V. de Brito, E. Malanski , R. M. Dias & E. Neuhaus . MNRJ 51263 , 2 , 95.5–105.1 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio do Gato, upstream of the bridge from the road to the researchers house at the Guapi-Açu Ecological Reserve , 22°26’08”S 42°45’33”W, 14 Dec 2017 , P. A. Buckup, V. de Brito, E. Malanski , R. M. Dias & E. Neuhaus . MNRJ 51802 , 2 , 80.2–94.5 mm SL, Cachoeiras de Macacu, córrego do Gato, right bank tributary of rio Guapiaçu , 22°26’08”S 42°45’33”W, 30 Aug 2019 , P. A. Buckup, I. C. A. Souto-Santos, F. A. Ferraro & M. D. V. Leão. Rio Magé basin : MNRJ 48823 , 1, 111.4 mm SL, Magé, rio Santo Aleixo on the Magé-Piabetá highway bridge, 22°34’42”S 43°03’50”W, 19 May 2007 , M. R. Britto, P. A. Buckup & L. Villa-Verde. Rio Saracuruna basin : MNRJ 31606 , 7 , 57.1–81.1 mm SL, Magé, rio Caiobá-Mirim, in Inhomirim , in front of Raiz da Serra cemetery, near the railroad, 22°34’40”S 43°11’05”W, 18 Sep 2007 , L. Villa-Verde, J. R. Gomes & D. Muller. Rio Iguaçu basin : MNRJ 23849 , 3 , 66.1–86.1 mm SL, Nova Iguaçu, rio Ana Felícia, tributary of the left bank of rio Tinguá , at RJ-111, 22°36’48”S 43°24’39”W, 23 Apr 2002 , P. A. Buckup, A. T. Aranda, F. P. Silva, L. M. S. Porto, C. A. Brandão & D. F. Almeida . MNRJ 23850 , 28 , 45.8–96.9 mm SL, Nova Iguaçu, rio Tinguá, tributary of rio Iguaçu , at BR-111 (Zumbi dos Palmares), 22°36’00”S 43°24’55”W, 23 Apr 2002 , P. A. Buckup, A. T. Aranda, F. P. Silva, L. M. S. Porto, C. A. Brandão & D. F. Almeida . MNRJ 43371 , 10 , 40.5–64.4 mm SL, Nova Iguaçu, rio Boa Esperança at Prainha locality, tributary of rio Iguaçu , 22°34’41”S 43°23’34”W, 13 Aug 2014 , M. R. Britto, D. F. M. Moraes Jr ., V. S. Meza-Vargas, K. Ferreira, F. Cordeiro & R. Dias . MNRJ 43426 , 31 , 44.6–101.1 mm SL, Nova Iguaçu, rio Boa Esperança at Tinguá near to ONG Onda Verde , tributary of rio Iguaçu , 22°35’33”S 43°24’52”W, 15 Aug 2014 , M. R. Britto, D. F. M. Moraes Jr ., V. S. Meza-Vargas & R. M. Dias . MNRJ 43924 , 6 , 75.2–94.9 mm SL, Nova Iguaçu, rio Ana Felícia, tributary of rio Tinguá , 22°36’44”S 43°25’05”W, 6 Apr 2015 , M. Britto, D. F. Moraes Junior, R. Dias, G. Araujo, D. Luiz & R. Delamare. Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (Piabanha drainage) : MNRJ 14501 , 16 , 62.3– 99.2 mm SL, Teresópolis, arroio Santa Rita, tributary of the left bank of rio Paquequer near BR-116 bridge, 22°17’42”S 42°56’04”W, 11 Mar 1993 , P. A. Buckup, D. F. Moraes Jr., A. Suppa & A. Amaral. MNRJ 51642 , 9 , 60.5–112.7 mm SL, Teresópolis, Rio Paquequer, at Caledônia Alpina neighborhood, 22°22’03”S 42°57’45”W, 13 Sep 2018 , S. A. Santos, E. B. Neuhaus, M. R. Britto & I. C. A. Souto-Santos .

Diagnosis. Rineloricaria nudipectoris is distinguished from most of its congeners, except for R. aequalicuspis Reis & Cardoso, 2001 , R. anhaguapitan Ghazzi, 2008 , R. baliola Rodriguez & Reis 2008 , R. capitonia Ghazzi, 2008 , R. latirostris (Boulenger, 1900) , R. maacki Ingenito, Ghazzi, Duboc & Abilhoa, 2008 , R. malabarbai Rodriguez & Reis, 2008 , R. maquinensis Reis & Cardoso, 2001 , R. microlepidogaster (Regan, 1904) , R. misionera Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2005 , R. reisi Ghazzi, 2008 , R. setepovos Ghazzi, 2008 , and R. tropeira Ghazzi, 2008 , by the absence of plates in most of the skin of the ventral surface of the pectoral girdle (vs. pectoral girdle completely covered by plates). Rineloricaria nudipectoris is distinguished from R. setepovos by the presence of plates in the abdominal region ( Fig. 3) (vs. abdominal region completely naked). It differs from the remaining naked-breast species, except for R. anhaguapitan , R. baliola , and R. capitonia , by its snout having an anterior area of exposed skin without odontodes extended laterally to the most anterior pore of the infraorbital ramus of the sensory canal (vs. naked area of snout not reaching the most anterior pore of infraorbital ramus of sensory canal) ( Fig. 4 ). It is distinguished from R. anhaguapitan and R. capitonia by the upper unbranched caudal-fin ray extending beyond the margin of the fin as a short filament (vs. absence of filamentous extension) and by the leading-edge pectoral-fin ray reaching pelvic-fin origin (vs. leading-edge pectoral-fin ray reaching the first third of the pelvic fin). It differs from R. baliola by the spotted color pattern in the dorsal, pectoral, and pelvic-fin rays (vs. color pattern composed of a dark, wide band covering most of the distal half of the fins).

Description. Morphometric data of type specimens in Tab. 2. Head and body strongly depressed. Dorsal profile of head ascending from tip of snout until posterior limit of supraoccipital. Dorsal profile of body almost straight to slightly convex between highest point at supraoccipital and dorsal-fin origin, slightly concave along dorsal-fin base, straight from this point to caudal-fin origin. Body widest at pelvic-fin origin, progressively narrowing until end of caudal peduncle.

Head length larger than cleithral width. Supraoccipital and predorsal plates with low ridges. In dorsal view, head triangular in females and immature males, laterally rounded with hypertrophied odontodes in males ( Figs. 2–3 ; details in Sexual Dimorphism below). Snout tip with elliptical naked area extended laterally to most anterior pore of infraorbital ramus of sensory canal ( Fig. 4 ). Posterior margin of orbit slightly raised; eye large (14.4–18.2% of HL), rounded to slightly oval horizontally, with large, deep postorbital notch. Iris operculum present, large in preserved specimens. Oral disk covered by randomly distributed, rounded-tip papillae. Margins of both lips with short fringes. Maxillary barbel slightly larger than length of lower lip. Teeth strongly bicuspid, long; mesial cusp greater than lateral, dentary teeth larger than premaxillary teeth. Premaxilla teeth 6(2), 7(2), 8(17), 9*(12), 10(6); dentary teeth 8(8), 9*(25), 10(6).

Two predorsal plates between parieto-supraoccipital and nuchal plates with two low, inconspicuous ridges. Five (dorsal, mid-dorsal, median, mid-ventral, ventral) lateralplate series below dorsal fin. Dorsal series starting at dorsal-fin base with 21(2), 22*(33), 23(4) plates. Mid-dorsal series with 6(1), 7*(18), 8(18), 9(2) plates; with weak lateral ridge. Median series with 27(2), 28*(32), 29(5) plates. Lateral line complete. Mid-ventral plate series with 15*(5), 16(18), 17(14), 18(2) plates. Median and mid-ventral series with well-developed keels formed by hypertrophied odontodes; these keels meeting in last 10th(2), 11th(12), 12th*(20), 13th(5) plate of median series. Ventral series with 22*(5), 23(28), 24(6) plates. Lateral abdominal series with 6(1), 7(25), 8*(13) plates between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin origin; number of plates on opposite sides of body sometimes different. Adjacent lateral and medial abdominal plates separated by slender area of skin. Posterior abdominal plate complex with large well-developed preanal plate anteriorly bordered by three polygonal plates, bordered by five or, sometimes, more plates. Middle abdominal plate complex, between lateral abdominal plates, with few minute polygonal plates bordered by naked area, or with plates irregularly arranged in three to five rows, anterior plates smaller, less numerous. Ventral surface of pectoral girdle covered by skin without plates, except for two individuals in lot MNRJ 14844 with few small plates of the anterior plate complex ( Fig. 3).

Unbranched dorsal-fin ray (dorsal spine) length (17.9–23.2% SL) similar to head length (19.9–23.8% SL). Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to pelvic-fin origin; dorsal-fin rays i,7*(39); dorsal-fin spinelet present. Dorsal-fin posterior margin truncate. Tip of dorsal fin when adpressed surpassing anal-fin origin; reaching eighth or ninth plate posterior to its origin. Pectoral-fin rays i,6*(39); posterior pectoral-fin margin slightly convex; first three branched rays slightly larger than unbranched pectoral-fin ray, when adpressed not reaching origin of pelvic fin, or just passing pelvic-fin origin in small individuals (<50 mm). Pelvic-fin rays i,5*(39); posterior pelvic-fin margin reaching to or slightly beyond anal-fin origin; posterior pelvic-fin margin truncate in juveniles, slightly convex in large individual. Anal-fin rays i,5*(39), posterior anal-fin margin rounded; second or third branched ray longest. Caudal fin truncate with i,10,i*(39) rays. Upper unbranched ray longer than lower one, extended as a short filament; profile of expanded caudal fin concave.

Color in alcohol. Background coloration of dorsal surface of head and trunk light brown. Pores of sensory system on head and lateral medial plates notably dark. Six dark brown transverse bars on dorsal surface of body; first at dorsal-fin origin, second at level of tip of reclined dorsal fin, following bars located on caudal peduncle. Chromatophores concentrated on posterior edge of supraoccipital bone forming dark conspicuous area, sometimes forming transverse bar. All fins covered by dark dots aligned across fin rays. Caudal fin with two broad vertical dark bars: one basally, one at distal margin. Ventral surface pale yellow ( Fig. 2 ).

Sexual dimorphism. Head triangular in females and immature males without hypertrophied odontodes; head margin rounded in mature males, with abundant hypertrophied odontodes. Dorsal region of pectoral-fin rays covered almost entirely with thin, long odontodes with curved tips in males ( Fig. 2 ). Unbranched pectoral-fin ray almost straight in females and juvenile males; thick, strongly curved in mature males, with short, densely arranged odontodes.

Etymology. The specific name “ nudipectoris ” is a compound Latin word formed by the neutral noun pectus, meaning breast, and the adjective nudus, meaning bare, in the genitive declension. Rineloricaria nudipectoris , thus, means Rineloricaria of the naked breast, in reference to the absence of plates in the ventral portion of the pectoral girdle and anterior medial portion of the abdomen.

Geographical distribution. Rineloricaria nudipectoris is known from the Macaé,

Macacu, Guapiaçu, Magé, Saracuruna, Iguaçu, and Paraíba do Sul river basins in southeastern Brazil ( Fig. 5 ). Rineloricaria nudipectoris was recorded in sympatry with

R. zawadzkii (Costa-Silva et al., 2022) and is associated with running clear waters and sandy or rocky substrates with marginal vegetation.

Molecular delimitation. DNA barcodes based on the amplified 655-nucleotide partial sequence of COI mitochondrial gene were generated for a total of 10 specimens of Rineloricaria nudipectoris ( Tab. 1), encompassing specimens from the Iguaçu (1 ex.), Guapiaçu (1 ex.), Macacu (4 ex.), Macaé (2 ex.), and Paraíba do Sul (2 ex.) river basins. All samples share the same haplotype, except for a specimen from the Iguaçu River, which differs from specimens of the other drainages by three nucleotides. Rineloricaria nudipectoris received the Barcode Index Number BOLD:ADA2055. Based on the maximum likelihood tree ( Fig. 6 ), the COI haplotypes of R. nudipectoris are most similar to those of Rineloricaria parva (Boulenger, 1895) (LBP_5136, LBP_9160, LBP_8471, LBP_9837, LBP_12964, LBP_12964, LBP_19025), which are included in BIN BOLD:AAZ4949 ( Fig. S2 ). The overall mean distance among species is 12%. The lowest genetic distance between R. nudipectoris and any other known species is 6.2% from R. parva , followed by 7% from R. cadeae (Hensel, 1868) , and 7.7% from R. longicauda Reis, 1983 (Tab. S3).

Conservation status. Rineloricaria nudipectoris is known from the Macaé, Macacu, Guapiaçu, Magé, Saracuruna, Iguaçu and Paraíba do Sul river basins. Its Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is approximately 2,047 km 2, based on the minimum convex method, but the population is not severely fragmented, extreme fluctuations in area or number of individuals or subpopulations have not been observed, and there is no evidence of continuing decline in area, extent or quality of habitat, number of locations or number of mature individuals. The species is easily collected downstream of farmland areas and small towns. It occurs in protected areas, such as the Tinguá Biological Reserve and the Guapiaçu Natural Patrimony Reserves. Considering its presence in main coastal river drainages, its abundance in areas of moderate land use, and its presence in protected areas, R. nudipectoris is classified in the Least Concern (LC) category according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2022).

Figures

FIGURE 2 | Rineloricaria nudipectoris, holotype, MNRJ 49345, male, 88.8 mm SL, Brazil, Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Macacu; dorsal, lateral, and ventral views.

FIGURE 4 | Lateral view of head showing extend of naked skin area (dashed line) of the snout relative to anterior pore (indicated by arrow) on sensory line system in (A) Rineloricaria nudipectoris, holotype, MNRJ 49345, male, 88.8 mm SL, (B) paratype, MNRJ 43536, female, 97.9 mm SL, and (C) R. zawadzkii, MNRJ 38254, female, 98.7 mm SL.

FIGURE 5 | Geographic distribution of Rineloricaria nudipectoris. Star represents the type-locality; black circles may represent more than one collection event in the same locality.

FIGURE 6 | Maximum Likelihood tree based on the sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene under the GTR+G+I model. The numbers at each branch indicate the bootstrap values (100 pseudoreplicates), except for those below 0.5 which were suppressed. Branches are collapsed based on Costa-silva et al. (2015).