Sumitrosis ancoroides (Schaeffer)

Eiseman, Charles S., Feldman, Tracy S. & Palmer, Michael W., 2024, New larval host records, parasitoid records, and DNA barcoding data for North American leaf-mining leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea), Zootaxa 5549 (1), pp. 1-60 : 31-32

Sumitrosis ancoroides (Schaeffer)

( Figs. 20 , 78 , 149–150 )

Reared specimens. NORTH CAROLINA: Durham Co., Durham, Leigh Farm Park , 14.vi.2017, em. 21–30.vi.2017, T . S. Feldman, ex Stylosanthes biflora , # CSE3844 (2 adults, ZFMK) ; OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan , 36.014339° N, - 96.996744° W, 6.vii.2015, em. 15.vii.2015, M.W. Palmer, ex Strophostyles helvola , # CSE1813 (1 adult, MLBM); 28.vii.2015, em. by 1–4.viii.2015, M.W. Palmer, ex Strophostyles helvola , # CSE1899 (2 adults, ZFMK); 26.v.2016, em.?, M.W. Palmer, ex Strophostyles leiosperma , # CSE3071 (2 adults, MLBM / ZFMK); 1.ix.2017, em. 15–17.ix.2017, M.W. Palmer, ex Strophostyles helvola , # CSE4278 (1 adult, MLBM) .

Photographed mines. OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Mehan , 36.014339° N, - 96.996744° W, 13.v.2016, M.W. Palmer, Strophostyles leiosperma .

Hosts. Fabaceae : Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott, S. *leiosperma (Torr. & A. Gray) Piper , S. umbellata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Britton , Stylosanthes biflora (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. ( Butte 1969; Ford & Cavey 1985; Clark et al. 2004). Rouse & Medvedev (1972) reported this beetle “on soybean” in Arkansas, and Staines’ (2006) listing of Glycine max (L.) Merr. as a larval host appears to be based only on this record.

Biology. Ford & Cavey’s (1985) statement that eggs “are laid in clusters on the underside of host leaves” is incorrect. Each egg is embedded singly in a pit chewed in the lower leaf surface and is visible from the upper surface ( Fig. 20 ). The larva forms a flat blotch mine that is only visible on the upper leaf surface ( Fig. 78 ), easily distinguished from the puffy, full-depth blotches of Odontota horni on Strophostyles . On S. leiosperma , mines were found on cotyledons as well as on full-sized leaves. Frass is in scattered, minute, elongate pellets, forming a denser, dark patch adjacent to the egg. The larva is yellowish and the pupa is orange. Adults “window-feed” in irregular patches on the lower leaf surface, leaving the upper epidermis intact.

Parasitoids. An adult Pnigalio sp. ( Eulophidae ) emerged from one of the mines collected in North Carolina (CSE3893, BMNH). An adult of Chrysocharis occidentalis (Girault) ( Eulophidae ) emerged in a rearing vial that contained mines of both Odontota horni and Sumitrosis ancoroides on Strophostyles helvola (CSE1822, BMNH).

Notes. This is the first record of Sumitrosis ancoroides from North Carolina. The North Carolina specimens ( Fig. 149 ), reared from Stylosanthes , belong to a different BIN (BOLD:ADP0312) than the Oklahoma specimens ( Fig. 150 ), reared from Strophostyles (BOLD:ADF6919). The two BINs are separated by 10.72%, suggesting that S. ancoroides may represent a species complex. Ours are the only specimens in either BIN.

Figures

FIGURES 1–22. Eggs of Chalepini spp.; 1: Anisostena californica; 2: A. lecontii; 3: Baliosus californicus; 4: B. nervosus; 5: same; 6: Brachycoryna hardyi (photo by E. LoPresti); 7: B. pumila; 8: Chalepus bicolor; 9: C. walshii walshii; 10: Glyphuroplata pluto; 11: Microrhopala excavata excavata; 12: M. laetula; 13: M. vittata; 14: M. xerene; 15: Odontota dorsalis; 16: O. floridana; 17: O. horni (top view); 18: same (side view); 19: O. scapularis; 20: Sumitrosis ancoroides; 21: S. inaequalis; 22: S. rosea.

FIGURES 78–86. Leaf mines of Sumitrosis spp.; 78: S. ancoroides on Strophostyles helvola (with pupa at center); 79: S. inaequalis on Eurybia divaricata (with egg at upper right, and larva above center); 80: S. inaequalis on Eutrochium maculatum; 81: S. inaequalis on Symphyotrichum anomalum (with pupa at upper right); 82: S. pallescens on Chamaecrista sp. (with egg above center); 83: same (secondary mines, with pupa at upper right); 84: S. rosea on Celastrus orbiculatus (with egg at right); 85: S. rosea on Laportea canadensis (with larva left of center); 86: S. rosea on Coursetia cf. caribaea (larva in secondary mine).

FIGURES 142–161. Chrysomelidae adults; 142: Octotoma marginicollis; 143: O. plicatula; 144: Odontota dorsalis; 145: O. floridana; 146: O. horni; 147: O. scapularis; 148: Stenopodius cf. lateralis; 149: Sumitrosis ancoroides (reared from Stylosanthes biflora); 150: S. ancoroides (reared from Strophostyles helvola); 151: S. inaequalis; 152: S. pallescens; 153: S. rosea (reared from Hylodesmum glutinosum); 154: S. rosea (reared from Laportea canadensis); 155: S. rosea (another individual reared from same collection of L. canadensis leaves); 156: S. rosea (reared from Celastrus orbiculatus); 157: Oulema palustris; 158: Altica cf. lazulina; 159: Dibolia borealis; 160: D. chelones; 161: D. melampyri.