Trochosa humicola Bertkau, 1880

Paredes-Munguía, Williams, Brescovit, Antonio D. & Teixeira, Renato A., 2024, Revision of Neotropical wolf spider genus Arctosa C. L. Koch, 1847 (Araneae: Lycosidae), with description of seven new species, Zootaxa 5414 (1), pp. 1-83 : 70-77

Trochosa humicola Bertkau, 1880 comb. rest.

Figs 59‒61 , 66

Trochosa humicola Bertkau, 1880: 65 , pl. 1, figs 20, 20a (four female syntypes from Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, lost,

see remarks). Bonnet 1959: 4703. Lycosa humicola : Mello-Leitão 1947: 262. Lycosa inconspicua Bryant, 1948: 355 , pl. 2, fig. 16 (Female holotype from Ennery, Haiti, 7.ix.1934, Darlington leg., MCZ

21626, examined by photos, Fig. 61 ) syn. nov. Arkalosula inconspicua : Roewer 1955: 232. Triccosta humicola : Roewer 1955: 298. Tricca humicola : Braun 1963: 81. Arctosa humicola : World Spider Catalog 2023

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Norte: 1♂, Atol das Rocas, Parque Nacional do Atol das Rocas , ca. 3°52'20.88"S 33°48'40.22"W, - 1 m, 4.ix.2005, C.E. Almeida leg. ( IBSP 12055 ) . Pernambuco: 3♂ 2♀, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Island , 3º50'S 32º15'W, 16 m, 9–19.x.2005 ( IBSP 70343 ) ; 3♂ 2♀, ditto, ( IBSP 70345 ) ; 1♂ 4♀, ditto, ( IBSP 70344 ) ; 1♂ 4♀, ditto, ( IBSP 70346 ) ; 1♂ 4♀, ditto, ( IBSP 70347 ) ; 1♂ 4♀, ditto, ( IBSP70348 ) ; 1♂ 1♀, ditto, 16 m, 17.iv.2006 ( UFPE) , all collected manually in houses by G.C.C. Freitas. Sergipe: 1♀, Aracaju, Atalaia Velha , ca. 10°58'43.32"S 37°2'12.61"W, 1 m, 23.viii.1978, I. Pinho leg. ( IBSP 7648 ) ; 1♂, Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Crasto , ca. 11°21'14.76"S 37°27'30.67"W, 55 m, 12–14.xi.1996, A.D. Brescovit leg. ( IBSP 10160 ) ; 1♂, São Cristóvão, Campus UFSE, ca. 10°55'35.21"S 37°6'9.19"W, 9 m, 25.ix.1979 ( IBSP 10396 ) , 1♂, ditto, 25.iv.1989 ( IBSP 10408 ) . Bahia: 1♂ Central , ca. 11°7'54.13"S 42°7'2.39"W, 648 m, 12.vii.1997, E.F. Ramos leg. ( IBSP 13393 ) ; 1♂ 1♀, Riachão do Jacuípe, Rio Jacuípe , ca. 11°48'25.92"S 39°23'5.01"W, 221 m, 1980, S. Lucas leg. ( IBSP 4607 ) ; 1♀, Feira de Santana , ca. 12°11'53.51"S 38°57'52.59"W, 240 m, 1.x.1991, V. dos Santos leg. ( IBSP 7120 ) . Minas Gerais: 1♀, Cambuí , ca. 22°36'45.60"S 46°3'8.66"W, 895 m, viii.1995, L.C. Gregorio leg. ( IBSP 14170 ) ; 4♂ 3♀, Belo Horizonte, Estação Ecológica da UFMG, 19°52'38"S 43°58'16"W, 845 m, v.1999, E.S.S. Álvares leg. ( UFMG 75 ) ; 1♀, Belo Horizonte, Campus UFMG, ca. 19°51'41"S 43°57'48"W, 845 m, 6.iv.2000, E.S.S. Álvares et al. leg. ( UFMG 195 ) . Rio de Janeiro: 1♀, Rio de Janeiro, ( MNRJ) . 4♀, ditto ( MNRJ 1918 ) . São Paulo: 1♂, Campinas , ca. 22º54'11.15"S 47º1'25.63"W, 699 m, x.1978 ( IBSP 4217 ) ; 2♀, Tietê , ca. 23°5'52.81"S 47°42'47.41"W, 482 m, 15.v.2002 ( IBSP 34996 ) ; 1♀, Sorocaba , 23º30'6"S 47º27'29"W, 599 m, viii.1983, M. Ianelle leg. ( IBSP 3744 ) ; 1♀, São Paulo, 23º33'S 46º38'W, 756 m, 9.xii.1967, A.A. Miranda leg. ( IBSP 2066 ) ; 1♀, ditto, 7.vii.1969, N.S. Junior leg. ( IBSP 2284 ) ; 1♀, ditto, 14.vii.1969, G.R. Sobrinho leg. ( IBSP 8427 ) ; 1♀, ditto, 3.ix.1969 ( IBSP 2357 ) ; 10♀, 1.x.1973, ditto, G.C. Netto leg. ( IBSP 2711 ) ; 3♀, vi.1988, ditto, R.G. Silva leg. ( IBSP 5021 ) ; 1♀, iii.1991, ditto, V.J. Topein leg. ( IBSP 41790 ) ; 1♂, ditto, 3.iv.1995, L.S. Belfi leg. ( IBSP 6182 ) ; 1♂, xi.1997, ditto, L.S. Rocha leg. ( IBSP 13937 ) ; 1♀, ditto, 13.viii.2003, L. de França leg. ( IBSP 40611 ) ; 1♀, Bairro Freguesia do Ó, ca. 23º30'4.99"S 46º41'51.27"W, 770 m, 4.iv.1966, A.M. Baptista leg. ( IBSP 1987 ) ; 1♀, Bairro Pinheiros , ca. 23º33'46.49"S 46º41'29.28"W, 747 m, 9.iv.1968, J.R. Cerrato leg. ( IBSP 2115 ) ; 1♂ 3♀, Bairro Butantã , ca. 23º33'56.59"S 46º43'16.48"W, 788 m, iii.1983, W.M. Sportoni leg. ( IBSP 3651 ) ; 1♀, Campus IBSP, ca. 23º33'57.83"S 46º43'49.08"W, 786 m, iii.1983, W.M. Sportoni leg. ( IBSP 3717 ) ; 1♀, Osasco , ca. 23º32'16.93"S 46º47'30.21"W, 765 m, 30.iv.1996, M. Padilha leg. ( IBSP 14350 ) ; 1♀, Itapevi , 23º32'56"S 46º56'3"W, 768 m, 8.xi.2002, F. Peit leg. ( IBSP 37318 ) , 1♀, ditto, 5.xii.2002, W. Valim leg. ( IBSP 37323 ) ; 1♀, Dois Córregos , ca. 22º22'29.97"S 48º23'19.90"W, 702 m, 1–6.iv.2002, G.Q. Romero leg. ( IBSP 34964 ) ; 1♀, Louveira , ca. 23º5'31.03"S 46º56'58.74"W, 700 m, 11.x.1995, D. Tremori leg. ( IBSP 6413 ) . Rio Grande do Sul: 1♂, Barros Cassal , em riacho, 29°37'22.7"S 52°30'15.6"W, 85 m, 5.viii.2015, V.S.R. Diniz & L.E.C. Schmidt leg. ( UFMG 20948 ) .

Remarks. As originally described by Bertkau, the average size of Trochosa humicola is larger than other Arctosa species (13 mm in T. humicola versus average 7 mm in neotropical Arctosa ). We examined non-type specimens from Rio de Janeiro as well as localities and states bordering the state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as from central and northeastern regions of Brazil. Although the holotype is lost as mentioned in Levi (1964): "...The whereabouts of the types and other specimens of this collection are not known. They may have been lost..." referring to the specimens collected by the Belgian professor Van Beneden in 1873 and given to Bertkau for further examination, we conclude that the specimens examined correspond to T. humicola . The prosoma pattern described by Bertkau (1880) correspond to the Trochosa pattern ( Brady 1979), as well as the typical inverted T-shaped epigynum. The specimens examined by us have epigynal hoods curved internally, transversal septum (TS) height equal when compared with median septum (MS) width. Arctosa epigynum is commonly a trapezoidal piece with MS and TS undistinguishable among them. The presence of a rounded, visible palea in males also excludes the specimens we examined from Arctosa , whose species possess a reduced palea. The size and shape of the ventral projection of the median apophysis in T. humicola is triangular and short, different from a pronounced and acute one seen in Arctosa species.

Bryant (1948) records this species from the island of Hispaniola, which nowadays comprises Haiti and Dominican Republic. The specimens described in Bryant (1948) were collected in the eastern side of the island, in Haiti. We did not found any published record from Guyana, as reported in the World Spider Catalog (2023).

Diagnosis. Males of Trochosa humicola can be recognized by the short, triangular ventral projection and the folded tip of the median apophysis ( Fig. 59c ). Females are recognized by curved and deep hoods, which are internally convergent, and the head of spermatheca narrower than its stalk ( Fig. 60e ).

Description. Male (UFMG 75). Carapace brown, covered by short white and black bristles, except on the longitudinal median band, which is broad, yellow, and tapering towards the back. Sparse black bristles between the ocular area and the thoracic groove; ocular area black covered with white bristles, cephalic portion of the prosoma covered by sparse, large white bristles. Sternum longer than wide, uniformly light brown, covered by short black bristles, sparsely covered in its entire surface ( Fig. 60d ). First row of eyes straight, shorter than the second row; AME slightly larger than the ALE; PME separated by a length same as their radii. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, the median the largest; retromargin with three teeth, the basal the shorter. Chelicerae creamy, covered frontally with sparse black setae in the frontal part and white setae in distal borders; chillum membranous, divided with the mesal portion sclerotized; boss clearer than the chelicerae. Frontal protuberance on both cheliceral teeth ( Fig. 59g ). Endites dully brown and convergent; labium square-shaped, darker than the endites; both endites and labium yellowish in their distal portion. Legs: All segments dully brown except tarsi and metatarsi, which are darker. Opisthosoma all covered by tiny white bristles, the background olive, with dispersed black bristles mainly on dorsal part; cardiac mark indistinguishable; with a group of strong, curved black bristles on dorsum, near the prosoma. Venter with a longitudinal, yellow tapered band, which is sparsely covered by black bristles and has two median, pale brown lines from epigastric furrow to spinnerets; anterior spinnerets the same size as the posteriors, both cylindrical ( Fig. 60d ).

Pedipalp ( Figs 59a–f, h, i ), tibia cylindrical. Cymbium fusiform. Subtegulum lenticular and visible in ventral view. Tegulum with a curved, L-shaped sperm duct ( Figs 59b, e ). Median apophysis laminar, triangular, and with unsharpened tip; ventral process short and slightly curved ventrally ( Fig. 59d, h ). Terminal apophysis laminar, distally sharp ( Figs 59e, h ). Embolus thin and curved, not twisted at the tip; pars pendula present ( Fig. 59e ).

Leg formula IV>I>III>II. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-1 d 1-1-1 r 1-1, II p 1-1 d 1-1-1 r 1-1-0-1, III p 1-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-1-1, IV p 1-0-1 d 1-1-1 r 0-0-1; patella I-IV p 1 r 1; tibia I-II p 1-1 v 2-2-2ap r 1-1, III-IV p 1-1 d 1-1 r 1-1 v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I-II p 0-1-1 r 0-1-1 v 2-2-2ap, III-IV p 1d-1d-1d r 1d-1d-1d v 2-2-2ap.

Measurements: TL 8.78, CL 4.56, CCW 1.80, CTW 3.50, CCH 1.70, CTH 1.70. Eyes: AME 0.13, ALE 0.11, PME 0.35, PLE 0.20, interdistances: AME-AME 0.12; AME-ALE 0.10; PME-PME 0.38; PLE-PLE 0.90. POQ long 0.88, POQ posterior width 1.33, POQ anterior width 0.98. Chelicerae: length 1.98. Opisthosoma: length 4.33, width 2.61. Legs: (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): pedipalp 1.90 + 0.80 + 1.15 + - + 1.38 = 5.23, I 3.56 + 1.43 + 3.21 + 3.02 + 2.07 = 13.29, II 3.00 + 1.33 + 2.86 + 2.86 + 1.98 = 12.02, III 2.89 + 1.33 + 2.71 + 3.31 + 1.98 = 12.22, IV 4.11 + 1.48 + 3.86 + 5.02 + 1.98 = 16.44.

Female (UFMG 75). General pattern as in male. First row of eyes straight, shorter than the second row; AME slightly larger than the ALE; PME separated by their radii ( Fig. 60h ). Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth, the median the largest; retromargin with three teeth, the basal the shorter. Chelicerae creamy, covered frontally with sparse black setae in the frontal part and white setae in distal borders; chillum membranous, divided with the mesial portion sclerotized; boss clearer than the chelicerae. Sternum endites and labium as in males but slightly darker ( Fig. 60f ). Legs and opisthosoma as in males ( Fig. 60i ).

Genitalia ( Figs 60b, e ), median septum and transversal septum forming a T shape plate. in ventral view, hoods triangular, atrium smooth and wide ( Fig. 60b ). Copulatory openings at the anterior border of transversal septum ( Fig. 60e ). Internally, head of spermatheca as narrow as the stalk; base of spermatheca bulbous, vulval chamber absent, hoods curved and convergent ( Fig. 60e ).

Leg formula IV>I>II>III. Spination pattern: femur I p 0-0-2 d 1-1-1 r 0 - 1-1, II p 0-1d-1d d 1-1-1 r 0-d1-1d, III p 0-1d-1d d 1-1-1 r 0-1d-1d, IV p 1d-1d-1d d 1-1-1 r 0-0-d1; patella I d 0-1bristle; II p 1 d 0-1bristle, III-IV p 1 d 1-1 r 1; tibia I-II p 1-1 d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-2ap, III-IV p 1d-1d d r1-1 r 1d-1d v 2-2-2ap; metatarsus I p 0-1 d 1bristle-1bristle v 2-2-1 r 0-1d, II p 1-1-2 d 1bristle-1bristle r 0-0-1 v 2-2-1ap, III-IV p 1d-1d-2 r 1d-1d-2 v 2-2-1ap.

Measurements: TL 13.66, CL 6.22, CCW 2.89, CTW 4.78, CCH 2.00, CTH 2.00. Eyes: AME 0.29, ALE 0.19, PME 0.51, PLE 0.43, interdistances: AME-AME 0.09; AME-ALE 0.38; PME-PME 0.38; PLE-PLE 1.28. POQ long 0.83, POQ posterior width 1.55, POQ anterior width 0.88. Chelicerae: length 2.62. Opisthosoma: length 7.55, width 5.00. Legs: (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): pedipalp 2.22 + 1.23 + 1.44 + - + 1.77 = 4.44, I 4.44 + 2.22 + 4.32 + 3.33 + 2.22 = 16.53, II 4.33 + 2.44 + 3.44 + 3.22 + 2.11 = 15.54, III 4.05 + 2.34 + 3.22 + 3.78 + 1.89 = 15.28, IV 5.33 + 2.33 + 4.72 + 6.16 + 2.33 = 20.87.

Distribution. Brazil (northeast, central and southern regions) and Haiti ( Fig. 66 )

Figures

FIGURE 59. Trochosa humicola Bertkau, 1880 comb. nov. (UFMG 75) Male pedipalp a–c (a, prolateral; b, ventral; c, retrolateral) Male palpal bulb d–f, h (d, prolateral; e, ventral; f, retrolateral; h, anterior), g, male chelicerae, i, stridulatory organ. Scale bars: a–h, 200 µm, i, 100 µm. CHI chilum, CMS cymbial macrosetae, E embolus, MA median apophysis, P palea, pp pars pendula, T tegulum, TA terminal apophysis, TDF Tibial distal file, TF tegular furrow, TK tegular keel, TL tegular lobe, S scraper, SF striae file, ST subtegulum, VP ventral process.

FIGURE 60. Trochosa humicola Bertkau, 1880 comb. nov. Male habitus (UGMF 75) a, d, g (a, dorsal; d, ventral; g, lateral) Epigynum b, e (b, ventral; e, dorsal) Female habitus c, f, h–i (c, dorsal; f, ventral; h, frontal; i, lateral) Scale bars: a, d, g, 1 mm, b, 100 µm, c, f, h–i, 1 mm, e, 200 µm. H hood, MS median septum, TS transversal septum.

FIGURE 61. Lycosa inconspicua Bryant, 1948. Female habitus, holotype a–b, d–f (a, prosoma, dorsal; b, opisthosoma, dorsal; d, prosoma, ventral; e, opisthosoma, ventral; f, prosoma frontal) Epigynum, c, ventral Scale bars: a, b, d–f, 1 mm, c, 0.25 mm. CM cardiac mark, CO copulatory opening, PS Parallel stripes.

FIGURE 66. Geographic distribution records of Arctosa mineira sp. nov. (rose dot), Arctosa sapiranga (black dot), Trochosa humicola comb. nov. (cyan diamond).