Estheria prostata Zhang & Shima, 2019

Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can & Li, He-Nan, 2019, Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species, Zootaxa 4603 (1), pp. 1-38 : 7-9

Estheria prostata Zhang & Shima , sp. nov.

( Figs 2 , 14 , 26 , 38 , 54 , 66 , 75, 79 , 93 , 108 )

Diagnosis. Lower face with a developed nipple-like protrusion and lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide; body with yellowish-gray pruinosity; 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin.

Description. Body length: 6.5–8.8 mm.

Male. Head covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown; lunule, antennae and palpi dark brown, palpi reddish-brown at base, prementum gleaming black. Frons at narrowest point about as wide as anterior ocellus, less than 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear in median portion; fronto-orbital plate with 2 rows of black hairs; parafacialia bare, about twice as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina narrow and low; lower face with a developed nipple-like median protrusion; gena 0.6–0.7 times as high as eye height; lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward; 8–9 inclinate frontal setae as long as ocellar setae; facial ridge with 4–6 hair-like setae on lower 1/4; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; a row of subvibrissal setae; inner vertical seta about 0.3 of eye height, inner and outer vertical setae hair-like; upper occiput with a row of black setulae behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by more than length of antenna, first flagellomere 1.2–1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista including plumosity 2.0–2.5 times as wide as first flagellomere; palpus about as long as antenna; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide, 0.85–1.00 of eye height.

Thorax black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta about 1/3 width of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; scutellum dark brown with yellowish-gray pruinosity, sometimes with a dark median spot on base; pleura with yellowish-gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles brown to dark brown. Prosternum bare, 2.0–2.5 times as long as wide; proepisternum bare; 3 postpronotal setae arranged in a triangle, the middle one displaced anteriorly; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 supra-alar setae; postalar callus with 2 setae; 3 katepisternal setae; posterior lappet of posterior spiracles circular; 3 pairs of scutellar marginal setae and 1 pair of scutellar discal setae. Wing hyaline, brownish; tegula and basicosta dark brown; lower calypter brownish-yellow; halters yellow. Costal spine shorter than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m; 2nd costal sector bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 4:9:5; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to bend about 1.1 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin, with or without a short appendage at bend which is slightly shorter than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m. Lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin. Legs black, sometimes hind tibia reddish brown in median portion; pulvilli yellowish; fore tibia with a row of very short anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae, and usually with a short ventral seta; hind tibia with 2–3 anteroventral, 3–5 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae on basal 3/5, 1 apical anteroventral and 2 apical dorsal setae.

Abdomen long-ovate, black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, with a pair of small brown markings in median marginal area of tergites 3 and 4. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with a pair of lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–3 lateral marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and many irregular discal setae. Terminalia ( Figs 2 , 14 , 26 , 38 ). Posterior lobe of sternite 5 wide and slightly blunt at apex. Cerci short, separated and slightly bent backward, narrow and pointed in apical half; surstylus long and wide, slightly pointed and blunt at apex in caudal view; pregonite short and bent apically; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; disphallus long, membranous ventral surface with some spinules on upper half, sclerotized basal part about twice as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme large, longer than 1/2 of aedeagal apodeme.

Female. As male, except as follows: frons about 1/3 of head width at narrowest point; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; genal height 0.8–0.9 of eye height. Inner vertical seta stronger than ocellar seta, about twice as long as outer vertical seta; 5–7 inclinate frontal setae, upper one as long as ocellar setae; 2 proclinate strong orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta. Legs dark brown except for basal 2/3 of femora and median portion of tibiae reddish yellow; fore tibia with 3 anterodorsal setae; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than tarsomeres; mid tibia with 2 anteroventral and 2–4 anterodorsal setae, two of them short or absent; hind tibia with 2–4 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae;. Abdomen ovate, with yellowish-gray pruinosity; tergite 3 with 0–1 discal setae; tergite 4 with a pair of discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of discal setae.

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Yunnan prov., Shangri-la [in Chinese] / Gezan [in Chinese] 3200 / 2010.VIII.18 / C.-T. Zhang coll. [printed white label] // SYNU07798 [printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // Estheria ♂ / prostata / n. sp. [handwritten] / C.-T. Zhang det. [in Chinese] 2010 / Zhang C. det. 2006 [printed] [white label] ( SYNU) .

PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♂, Kangding Xian, Xingdu Qiao , 3700 m, 22.viii.1993, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Xiaojin, Rilong town , 3300 m, 6.VIII.2005, H. Ao leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Mianyang, Pingwu, Wanglang Nature Reserve, Qikeshu , 2653 m, N33.94° E104.14°, 23.VII.2016, H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Mianyang, Pingwu, Wanglang Nature Reserve, Eastern Reserve Station , 2666–2732 m, 2.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Kangding county, Laoyulin village–Mt. Zheduo , N29.94° E101.96°, 3132–3231 m, 10.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang & X.-Y. Li leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Danba county, Maoniugu , N30.61° E101.69°, 2888 m, 11.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & H.-C. Liang leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Xiaojin county, Jiajin Mountains , N30.91° E102.65°, 3084 m, 17.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang & X.-Y. Li leg. ( SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Luding county, Western Erlang Mountains , 1528–1600 m, N29°50'47 E102°13'0, 13.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Luding county, Niubei Mountains , N29°46'55 E102°18'20, 2000 –2700 m, 14.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhang & Y.-Z. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) . Tibet (= Xizang): 21 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Milin, Xuekagou , 2850–2900 m, 16–17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang & X.-Y. Li leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Linzhi, Bajiniange ferry, 2850–2950 m, 5.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang leg. ( SYNU) ; 6 ♂♂, Linzhi Town , 3000–3400 m, 11–12.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li & P. Hou leg. ( SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Linzhi, Bayi Town , 3000 m, 12.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. ( SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, Milin , Paizhen- Médog highway, 3321 m, 7.viii.2015, J. Yao leg. ( IZCAS) . Yunnan: 18 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Nujiang, Laowo , 2000–2400 m, 4–5.IX.1996, H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Lushui, Yaojiaping , 2400–2600 m, 1–2.IX.1996, W.-X. Zhang & H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Baoshan, Dagaoping , 1900–2400 m, 7–9.IX.1996, W.-X. Zhang & H. Shima leg. ( BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, same data as holotype ( SYNU) . Nepal: 1 ♂, Bagmati, Mt. Pulchoki , 2760 m, 30.IX.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. ( BLKU) .

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to a diagnostic character of this species, the nipple-like median protrusion on the lower portion of the face, and derives from the Greek noun prosthec (= attachment).

Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal.

Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from the other species of this genus in having linear frons, a developed nipple-like median protrusion on lower face, long prementum and lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin.

Figures

FIGURES 1–12. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. in caudal view. 1. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 2. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 3. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 4. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 5. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 6. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 7. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 8. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 9. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 10. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 11. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 12. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 13–24. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. in lateral view. 13. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 14. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 15. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 16. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 17. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 18. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 19. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 20. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 21. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 22. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 23. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 24. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 25–36. Estheria spp., phallic complexes in lateral view. 25. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 26. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 27. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 28. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 29. E. acuta (Portschinsky), speciumen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 30. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 31. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 32. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 33. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 34. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 35. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 36. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 37–52. Male terminalia of Estheria spp. 37–48, 52. Sternite 5 in ventral view. 49–50. Epandrial complex in caudal (49) and lateral (50) views. 51. Phallic complex in lateral view. 37. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Geka-Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 38. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Gezan, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 39. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Geka- Echu Mountains, Daocheng, Sichuan, China (SYNU). 40. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Napahai wetland, Shangri-La, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 41. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU); 42. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 43. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 44. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 45. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 46. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Mt. Fenghuang, Fengcheng, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 47. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 48. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Kanas Lake, Burqin, Xinjiang, China (SEMCAS). 49–52. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 53–64. Estheria spp., male heads in anterior view. 53. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 54. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 55. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 56. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 57. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 58. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 59. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 60. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 61. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 62. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 63. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Shule, Xinjiang, China (GSFPM). 64. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS).

FIGURES 65–73. Estheria spp., female heads in anterior view. 65. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Duoxiongla Mountain, Paizhen, Milin to Médog, Tibet, China (SYNU). 66. E. prostata sp. nov., paratype from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 67. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 68. E. wangi sp. nov., paratype from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 69. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 70. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Huanren, Laotudingzi Mountains, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 71. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 72. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 73. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 65–66, 69–72); 1.0 mm (Figs 67–68, 73).

FIGURES 74–82. Estheria spp., heads in lateral view. 74, 78. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratypes, male (74)from Solukhumbu Dist., Nepal and female (78) from Duoxiongla Mountain, Paizhen, Milin to Médog, Tibet, China (SYNU). 75, 79. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype ♂ (75) and female paratype (79) from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 76, 80. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratypes, male (76) and female (80) from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 77, 81. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype ♂ (77) from Napahai, Shangri-La, Yunnan and female paratype (81) from Xuekagou, Milin, Tibet, China (SYNU). 82. E. magna (Baranov), female from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU).

FIGURES 92–106. Estheria spp., male habitus in dorsal (92–104) and lateral (106) view; head in anterior view (105). 92. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 93. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 94. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 95. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 96. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 97. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden- Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 98. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 99. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 100. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 101. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 102. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 103. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS). 104–106. E. picta (Meigen), specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS).

FIGURES 107–118. Estheria spp., male habitus in lateral view. 107. E. hirtinerva sp. nov., paratype from Solukhumbu District, Nepal (BLKU). 108. E. prostata sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 109. E. tibetensis sp. nov., paratype from Pianma, Yakou, Lushui, Yunnan, China (SYNU). 110. E. wangi sp. nov., holotype (SYNU). 111. E. acuta (Portschinsky), specimen from Hunyuan, Shanxi, China (SYNU). 112. E. cristata (Meigen), specimen from Baden-Willingen, Germany (SMNS). 113. E. decolor (Pandellé), specimen from Dongsheng, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 114. E. flavipennis Herting, specimen from Xi Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 115. E. maculipennis Herting, specimen from Dong Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia, China (IZCAS). 116. E. magna (Baranov), specimen from Baishilazi, Kuandian, Liaoning, China (SYNU). 117. E. pallicornis (Loew), specimen from Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountain, Halawu, Inner Mongolia, China (SYNU). 118. E. petiolata (Bonsdorff), specimen from Briançon, Nevache, France (SMNS).