Gilliesia ratchaburiensis, Boonsoong, Boonsatien & Sartori, Michel, 2015

Boonsoong, Boonsatien & Sartori, Michel, 2015, The nymph of Gilliesia Peters & Edmunds, 1970 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), with description of a new species from Thailand, Zootaxa 3981 (2), pp. 253-263 : 254-263

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.6

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7C5C4334-8C6C-473C-9C6C-0B92BCF90883

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5622171

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3450CF1A-1323-FF8F-E1E6-FF41B28A62B9

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Gilliesia ratchaburiensis
status

sp. nov.

Gilliesia ratchaburiensis sp. nov.

( Figs 1–40 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURES 2 – 5 View FIGURES 6 – 9 View FIGURES 10 – 13 View FIGURES 14 – 22 View FIGURES 23 – 29 View FIGURES 30 – 34 View FIGURES 35 – 38 View FIGURES 39 – 40 )

Material examined. HOLOTYPE: male imago (reared from nymph), THAILAND, Ratchaburi Province, tributary of Phachi River, 13°28.6’ N, 99°14.5’ E, 230 m, 30.iii.2013, B. Boonsoong leg.. ALLOTYPE: female imago (reared from nymph), same data as holotype. PARATYPES: 4 mature nymphs, same data as holotype ( ZMKU); 4 nymphs mature nymphs, same data as holotype ( MZL); 9 nymph, 4.ii.2013, same locale as holotype; 1 male imago (reared from nymph), 15.xi.2014, same locale as holotype (all in ZMKU); 1 male imago (reared from nymph), 15.xi.2014, same locale as holotype ( MZL).

Additional material. 7 nymphs, 2.ii.2013, F. David leg.; 65 nymphs, 16.ii.2013, F. David leg.; 6 nymphs, 30.ii.2013, F. David leg.; same locale as holotype ( ZMKU).

Description. Mature nymph ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ) (in alcohol). Body length between 3.0–4.0 mm for male (n=10) and 3.5– 5.0 mm for female (n=10). Head prognathous, antennae more than 2 times width of head ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Mouthparts ( Figs 2–16 View FIGURES 2 – 5 View FIGURES 6 – 9 View FIGURES 10 – 13 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ): Labrum with pronounced anteromedian emargination and row of setae on anterior margin directed ventrally ( Figs.2, 3 View FIGURES 2 – 5 , 14 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ). Dorsal surface of labrum with scattered setae and no transverse row of setae. Ventral surface of labrum with distal row of bristles ( Figs. 4 View FIGURES 2 – 5 , 14 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ). Left and right mandibles as in Figs 15–16 View FIGURES 14 – 22 , with well-developed prostheca, without seta on outer margin. Superlinguae of hypopharynx rounded, not extended laterally, with rows of setae along anterior margin; apex of lingua cleft ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 2 – 5 ); with two dense tufts of setae. Segment 1 of maxillary palpi subequal in length to segment 3. Length of segment 3 more than ca 1.6 times of length segment 2, apex of segment 3 with numerous long and thin setae, progressively longer from base to apex ( Figs 6–7 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ). Maxillae with crown of setae covering inner 3/4 of apex of galea ( Figs 6–8 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ); with 3 pectinate submarginal setae (ps, Figs 8–9 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ), apex of maxilla with three reduced canines (c1–c3, Fig. 9 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ), proximal dentiseta (pd) and distal dentiseta (dd) entire ( Figs 8–9 View FIGURES 6 – 9 ). Labium as in Figs 10–13 View FIGURES 10 – 13 ; segment 2 of palpi slightly longer than 1/2 length of segment 1; segment 3 subequal in length to segment 2, triangular, with distinct stout bristles and thin setae ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 10 – 13 ); glossae distinctly ventral to paraglossae; narrow at top and wider at base, densely covered with long setae on ventral surface ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 10 – 13 ). Legs ( Figs 17–19 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ): all legs with stout bristles on outer margin of femur and inner margin of tibia; tibio-patellar suture present on mid- and hindlegs; foreleg ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ) with dark pigmentation on dorsal surface of femur, apex of tibia, and in middle of tarsi; midleg ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ) with stout bristles on dorsal surface of femur; hindleg ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ) with few short bristles on outer margin; tarsal claw ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ) rather stout and not elongated, apex moderately hooked and narrow, with row of ca 10 teeth increasing in size towards apex. Abdominal terga with distinctive color pattern; terga 2–7 with the same pattern, with two median spots and two lateral spots; terga 2–9 with median longitudinal pale line; tergum 10 with two median spots ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Posterolateral expansions present on abdominal segment 9 only ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ). Gills ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ): gills on segments 1–7 alike; long, slender and slightly forked at 2/5 distance from base; tracheae unbranched; no setae on gill margins. Caudal filaments with whorls of fine hair-like setae; terminal filament (3.4–3.8 mm) slightly longer than cerci (2.9–3.3 mm).

Male imago (holotype in alcohol). Body length 4.24 mm, fore wing 4.18 mm, hind wing 0.40 mm. Compound eyes black; antennae pale, pedicel brown, ocelli white with dark base ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ). Vertex of head and notum brown. Forefemora ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ) brown, with two white spots basally and medially; tibiae pale, brown at base and apex; tarsi pale, each segment distally brownish; ratios of segments in fore legs, 0.50: 1.00 (1.72 mm): 0.03: 0.37: 0.18: 0.15: 0.08. Mid- and hindlegs paler, with same markings as in foreleg. Midlegs ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ): ratios of segments, 0.77: 1.00 (0.89 mm): 0.13: 0.05: 0.05: 0.10. Hind legs ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ): ratios of segments, 0.78: 1.00 (0.93 mm): 0.11: 0.05: 0.05: 0.09. Forewing transparent, cross veins yellowish-brown; those in C-Sc, Sc-R1 and R1- Rs surrounded by dark brownish clouds forming markings as shown in Fig. 24 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ; MP2 independent of vein MP1; wing base brown; two long intercalaries between CuA and CuP ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ). Hind wing very small with distinct acute costal projection near apex ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ). Abdomen dark brown, terga 2–7 with one pair of median longitudinal white stripes arising from anterior margin; all terga with brown posterior margins; terga 8–9 entirely brown, tergum 10 with two pale spots ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 23 – 29 ). Caudal filaments missing. Genitalia ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 30 – 34 ): forceps length 0.4 mm (ratios of segments 1.00 (0.32 mm): 0.15: 0.09), slightly curved, first segment long and curved, second broader than third segment. Styliger plate with deep, V-shaped, median incision. Penis anchor-like, apical portion of each lobe bent laterally but not ventrally, sharply pointed, no spine arising from tip of penis lobe.

Female imago (allotype in alcohol). Body length 4.70 mm, fore wing 4.61 mm, hind wing 0.41 mm. Body color darker than in male. Vertex of head brown; compound eyes black; ocelli white with dark base ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 30 – 34 ). Pronotum pale, with dark brown pattern as in Fig. 30 View FIGURES 30 – 34 . Meso- and metanotum yellowish-brown, lateral and ventral parts of abdomen pale. All legs missing. Abdominal tergal patterns similar to that of male. Color pattern of wing similar to that of male but crossveins darker ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 30 – 34 ). Apex of sternum 9 with U-shaped, deep, median incision ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 30 – 34 ).

Egg. General shape ovoid; chorionic surface with small uniform tubercles subequal in size, each turbercle with indistinct ridges and shallow groove between turbercles ( Figs. 35–38 View FIGURES 35 – 38 ).

Diagnosis and discussion. Male imagos of Gilliesia ratchaburiensis n. sp. can be distinguished from those of G. hindustanica and G. pulchra by the following characters: 1) proportions of forelegs, 2) fore femur coloration, 3) abdominal terga patterns, 4) shape of apex of penis lobes, and 5) shape of hind wing ( Table 1 View TABLE 1 ).

abdominal terga dark brown with pitch brown translucent white on terga 1–8, dark brown on terga 1–10, with

on terga 1–8 with distinct markings distinct pale markings Nymphs of Gilliesia can be distinguished from those of the two Leptophlebiinae genera distributed in Southeast Asia ( Dipterophlebiodes and Habrophlebiodes ) by the posterolateral spines of the abdomen, gill shape, characteristics of the glossae, and maxillary palpi segment 3 ( Table 2 View TABLE 2 ). Gilliesia seems to be more similar to Dipterophlebiodes than to Habrophlebiodes by the following characters: posterolateral spines well-developed on abdominal segment 9 only, and gills slender and slightly forked at>1/3 distance from base ( Table 2 View TABLE 2 ).

Gilliesia View in CoL nymphs have all attributes of the subfamily Leptophlebiinae as defined by Kluge (1994, 2009): 1) apex of maxilla with three reduced canines; proximal and distal dentisetae present and entire; 2) no transverse row of setae on the dorsal face of labrum; 3) tibio-patellar suture present on mid- and hindlegs; and 4) superlinguae of hypopharynx rounded, not extended laterally.

All these characters are considered by Kluge (1994) as plesiomorphic, hence the non-ranking plesiomorphon Leptophlebia View in CoL /fg2 proposed by him ( Kluge 2009). Besides Gilliesia View in CoL , Leptophlebiinae encompasses the following genera: Leptophlebia Westwood, 1940 View in CoL (with three subgenera Leptophlebia View in CoL s.s., Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 View in CoL and Neoleptophlebia Kluge, 1997 ), Habrophlebiodes Ulmer, 1920 View in CoL and Dipterophlebiodes Demoulin, 1954 View in CoL . Many authors treat Paraleptophlebia View in CoL at the genus level, however.

Gilliesia View in CoL gills resemble somewhat those of Leptophlebia View in CoL s.s., being large in the proximal part before the fork, but contrary to Leptophlebia View in CoL s.s. the fork is not suddenly constricted to form a single filament but regularly decreasing, much more similar to what is found in Habroleptoides Schönemund, 1929 (Habrophlebiinae) View in CoL .

Gilliesia View in CoL tarsal claws are rather stout and not as elongated as in Leptophlebia View in CoL s.l. They are more similar to those of Dipterophlebiodes View in CoL or Habrophlebiodes View in CoL , the row of teeth extending over ¾ of the claw length, and teeth increasing slightly in size distally.

Habrophlebiodes View in CoL Dipterophlebiodes View in CoL Gilliesia View in CoL

posterolateral expansions of well developed on well developed on well developed on abdominal abdomen abdominal segments 8 and 9 abdominal segments 9 only segments 9 only

In Gilliesia View in CoL , the posterolateral spines are only developed on abdominal segment 9, as in Dipterophlebiodes View in CoL , whereas they are also present on segment 8 in Leptophlebia View in CoL s.l. (strongly developed in Leptophlebia View in CoL s.s. but more reduced in some Paraleptophlebia View in CoL ) and Habrophlebiodes View in CoL . In addition, maxillary canines of Gilliesia View in CoL are more reduced than in Habrophlebiodes View in CoL , ( Figs 39–40 View FIGURES 39 – 40 ), whereas Peters (1972) did not mention the details of maxilla in Dipterophlebiodes View in CoL . The shape of Gilliesia View in CoL superlinguae resembles those of Dipterophlebiodes View in CoL , which are not extended laterally, whereas in Habrophlebiodes View in CoL they are slightly extended ( Peters & Edmunds 1970, Fig. 200). Gilliesia View in CoL possess two dense tufts of setae on ventral side of the lingua, as in Habrophlebiodes View in CoL ; this character is not mentioned for Dipterophlebiodes View in CoL ( Peters 1972, Fig. 5 View FIGURES 2 – 5 , p. 54).

At the imaginal stages, too, Gilliesia View in CoL is easily distinguished from Leptophlebia View in CoL s.l. by the presence of a hindwing costal process, and by the male penis lobes which do not possess “a ventral appendage arising from apex of each penis lobe” sensu Peters & Edmunds (1970, p. 177).

The eggs of Gilliesia View in CoL , here also described for the first time, resemble those of Habrophlebiodes View in CoL by the arrangement of chorionic tubercules (see Kang & Yang 1994, Fig. 17 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ). Eggs of Leptophlebia View in CoL s.l. possess a very different chorionic structure (see for instance Koss 1968, Figs 30–36 View FIGURES 30 – 34 View FIGURES 35 – 38 ), without tubercles.

The genus Gilliesia View in CoL was previously known from northern India ( Gillies 1951, Peters & Edmunds 1970) and mainland China ( Zhou 2004). The discovery of a new species of this genus in Thailand extends its distribution to part of the Indo-Malayan mountain system in Southeast Asia, the locality of the new species being located in the Tenasserim Mountain Range. We may expect that some Oriental species described under the generic name Paraleptophlebia View in CoL at the nymphal stage only may actually be members of Gilliesia View in CoL . Among them, Paraleptophlebia spina Kang & Yang, 1994 View in CoL from Taiwan could be a good candidate, because of the reduced maxillary canines ( Kang & Yang 1994, Fig. 8 View FIGURES 6 – 9 D) and the shape of the eggs (ibid, Fig. 19 View FIGURES 14 – 22 ).

Etymology. The specific epithet is named for the province, where the type material was collected: Ratchaburi province, Thailand.

Biological notes. The type-locality is located in a bamboo forest. The stream is characterized by a pronounced slope (25 % on the 200 m) and an alternation of riffles, pools and waterfalls up to 10 m high. The stream bed is mostly composed of boulders, cobbles, sand and leaf litter. The nymphs of Gilliesia ratchaburiensis n. sp. were found in leaf bags of Bambusa bambos and Lagerstroemia floribunda in both pools and riffles habitats ( David & Boonsoong 2014). Nymphs were found mostly together with those of Habrophlebiodes prominens Ulmer, 1939 and Isca janiceae Peters & Edmunds, 1970 .

TABLE 1. Comparison of imaginal characteristics of three species of Gilliesia (Gillies 1951, Zhou 2004).

  G. hindustanica G. pulchra G. ratchaburiensis
forelegs tibiae equal in length to tarsi tibiae shorter than tarsi tibiae longer than tarsi
fore femur dark brown grey to brown dark brown with median pale

TABLE 2. Comparison of nymphal characteristics of three related genera (Habrophlebiodes, Dipterophlebiodes and Gilliesia).

gills 4 gills long, more slender and deeply forked at 1/6 basally gills long, slender and deeply forked at 1/3 basally gills long, slender and slightly forked at 2/5 basally
hypopharynx lingua rectangular or cordate with two dense tufts of setae, superlingua slightly extended laterally lingua rectangular with two dense tufts of setae, superlingua not extended laterally lingua rectangular with two dense tufts of setae,, superlingua not extended laterally
glossae taped, with scattered long hairs on ventral surface conical, with marginal long hairs on ventral surface narrow taped, with dense thickened-long hairs on ventral surface
maxilla palpi segment 3 length shorter than 1.6 times the length of segment 2; apical-pointed, with scattered setae length shorter than 1.6 times the length of segment 2; apical-blunted, with few setae length more than 1.6 times the length of segment 2; apicalblunted, with numerous setae
ZMKU

Kiev Zoological Museum

MZL

Musee Zoologique

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Ephemeroptera

Family

Leptophlebiidae

Genus

Gilliesia

Loc

Gilliesia ratchaburiensis

Boonsoong, Boonsatien & Sartori, Michel 2015
2015
Loc

Neoleptophlebia

Kluge 1997
1997
Loc

Paraleptophlebia spina

Kang & Yang 1994
1994
Loc

Dipterophlebiodes

Demoulin 1954
1954
Loc

Leptophlebia

Westwood 1940
1940
Loc

Habrophlebiodes

Ulmer 1920
1920
Loc

Paraleptophlebia

Lestage 1917
1917
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