Mesabolivar cavicelatus Machado et al., 2007

Huber, Bernhard A., 2018, The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits, Zootaxa 4395 (1), pp. 1-178 : 121

Mesabolivar cavicelatus Machado et al., 2007

Figs 463–465 , 516–519 , 534–537

Mesabolivar sp. 5: Astrin et al. 2006: 444 (molecular data: CO1, 16S).

Mesabolivar cavicelatus Machado et al. 2007b: 171 , figs 24–33 (♂♀, Brazil: São Paulo).

Diagnosis. (amendments; see Machado et al. 2007b). This species is similar to M. tandilicus (Mello-Leitão, 1940) (see redescription in Machado et al. 2013). Males of the two species can be distinguished by the cheliceral armature (frontal apophyses more proximal and longer in M. tandilicus ; compare Machado et al. 2007b: figs 24–25 with Machado et al. 2013: figs 1–2) and by the tip of the procursus (more complex modifications in M. tandilicus ; compare Fig. 516 with Machado et al. 2013: fig. 6); females of M. tandilicus differ by presence low processes at posterior margin of epigynal plate (Huber 2000: fig. 828; Machado et al. 2013: fig. 8).

Type material. BRAZIL: São Paulo: ♂ holotype , 1♀ paratype, IBSP (53009–10), São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Cantareira (46°37’S, 23°25’W), 2–7.v.2005 (holotype) and 13–20.xii.2001 (paratype) (F. Yamamoto), not examined (according to Machado 2011, the types were lost in the Butantan fire of May 2010) .

New records. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: 22♂ 15♀ 5 juvs, ZFMK ( Ar 19212–16), ~ 4 km NW Penedo (22°24.5’S, 44°33.0’–33.4’W), forest along river, 700–770 m a.s.l., 14–16.viii.2007 (B.A. Huber) ; 2♂ 8♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br07/100-8, 13, 39).

Assigned tentatively. BRAZIL: São Paulo: 19♂ 36♀, ZFMK (Ar 19217–18), Ubatuba, Fazenda Angelim (23.392°S, 45.062°W), 16–18.xii.2003 (B.A. Huber) ; 4♂ 11♀ 2 juvs in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 03/100-4), same data .

Paraná: 1♂ 1♀, ZFMK (Ar 19219), Saint-Hilaire / Lange National Park, forest along river above Fazenda Niteroi (25.657°S, 48.601°W), ~ 100 m a.s.l., 11.x.2014 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho) ; 3♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 14-129), same data ; 2♂ 4♀, ZFMK (Ar 19220), and 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 14-135), same data but night collecting . 1♀, ZFMK (Ar 19221), Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park, forest above Hotel Mata Atlântica (25.670°S, 48.600°W), ~ 200–300 m a.s.l., night collecting, 12.x.2014 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).

Description (amendments; see Machado et al. 2007b). Male eye measurements: distance PME-PME 80 µm, diameter PME 90 µm, distance PME-ALE 80 µm, distance AME-AME 15 µm, diameter AME 30 µm. Tibia 1 in 42 newly examined males: 4.2–5.6 (mean 4.7); in 55 newly examined females: 2.9–3.8 (mean 3.3). Tibia 2/tibia 4 length in four males: 0.94–0.96; in two females: 0.91, 0.90 (in original description: 1.46 – female tibiae mismeasured). Femora 2 and 3 in some males much wider than other femora, in others barely wider (diameters femora 1–4 in two males: 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.14; 0.20, 0.30, 0.29, 0.21). Male tibia 1 L/d: 48. Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1.

Specimens from Ubatuba and from Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park differ slightly and are therefore assigned tentatively: males with slightly different procursus tip (compare Figs 516, 517 ); females differ slightly in shape of dark sclerotized arc in internal genitalia (compare Figs 518, 519 ). Note, however, that the difference between Figs 518 and 519 results in part from slightly different angles of view: the genitalia of the female from Penedo ( Fig. 518 ) are shown in slightly posterior view (in better agreement with fig. 33 in Machado et al. 2007b) while Fig. 519 shows the cleared genitalia in perfect ventral view. The pore-plates do not seem to differ among specimens from different localities.

Natural history. The spiders were found in leaf litter. At Saint-Hilaire/Lange National Park they occupied a slightly higher level in the litter than M. niteroi ; at Penedo, they occupied a slightly deeper level than M. goitaca , with their small webs entirely hidden under the leaves (not partly exposed as in M. goitaca ). When disturbed, they either vibrated rapidly with small amplitude or ran away.

Distribution. Widely distributed from eastern Paraná state to western Rio de Janeiro state ( Brazil) ( Fig. 738 ), but note that specimens from Paraná are assigned tentatively.

Figures

FIGURES 459–469. Live specimens, Mesabolivar difficilis group (part 2). 459. M. difficilis (Mello-Leitão, 1918), male from Rio das Pedras. 460–462. M. huberi Machado et al., 2007, male and female from Itajaí. 463–465. M. cavicelatus Machado et al., 2007, males and female from Penedo. 466–469. M. turvo sp. n., males and females from Iratí (466, 469) and Turvo (467– 468).

FIGURES 512–519. Mesabolivar sepitus sp. n. (512–515, ZFMK Ar 19210) and M. cavicelatus Machado et al., 2007 (516– 519). 512–514. Epigynum, lateral, ventral, and ventral-frontal views (arrow points at pocket). 515. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 516–517. Left procursi, prolateral views, males from Penedo (516, ZFMK Ar 19214) and St. Hilaire/Lange (517, ZFMK Ar 19220). 518–519. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views, females from Penedo (518, ZFMK Ar 19215) and St. Hilaire/Lange (519, ZFMK Ar 19220). Scale lines:0.3.

FIGURES 520–537. Female epigyna in various views and cleared female genitalia in dorsal views, Mesabolivar difficilis group. 520. M. itajai sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19197). 521. M. niteroi sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19198). 522–524. M.difficilis (Mello-Leitão, 1918) (ZFMK Ar 19201), epigyna in lateral, frontal, and posterior (slightly ventral) views. 525–530. M. sp. (“M. difficilis” in Bonaldo et al. 2009) from Presidente Figueiredo (525–527, ZFMK Ar 19205) and from Manaus (528–530, SMNK-ARA 12794) (522–530 at same scale and in same views). 531. M. saci sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19207). 532. M. constrictus sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19208). 533. M. sepitus sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19210). 534–537. M. cavicelatus Machado et al., 2007 (epigyna: ventral views), from Penedo (534–535, ZFMK Ar19215) and from Ubatuba (536–537, ZFMK Ar 19218).

FIGURES 738–739. Known distribution of the Mesabolivar difficilis group.