Philonthus tarsalis, Sharp, 1876

Taphylininae, Iochini, Aorothiini, Thiini, Latyprosopini, Taphylinini, Mblyopinina, Nisolinina, Yptiomina, Hilonthina & Herman, Lee H., 2001, Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2441 (265), pp. 2435-3021 : 2450-2455

tarsalis Sharp, 1876 , see: nanus Erichson, 1839 .

testaceus Bernhauer, 1932b: 145 ( Diochus ; Type locality: Mulongo: Malinge; Niunzu).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1324 ( Diochus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

testaceus Coiffait, 1981 , see: montguilloni Coiffait, 1987 .

thoracicus Casey, 1906 , see: schaumii Kraatz, 1860 .

ventralis Coiffait, 1968: 160 ( Diochus ; Type locality: Gabon: Belinga ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Gabon.

vicinus Sharp, 1876 , see: nanus Erichson, 1839 .

vilis Sharp, 1885 , see: nanus Erichson, 1839 .

Tribe Maorothiini

Maorothiini Assing, 2000: 16 (genera included: Maorothius ; characters; phylogenetic analysis of tribal relationships). TYPE GENUS: Maorothius Assing , fixed by original designation.

Maorothius

[20 species; Australian Region]

Maorothius Assing, 2000: 22 , 58 (species included: adustus , hamifer , setiger , longispinosus , brevispinosus , insulanus , pubescens , brookesi , effeminatus , hammondi , pectinatus , puncticeps , coalitus , tridens , volans , dispar , brouni , torquatus , tonsor , solus ; phylogenetic analysis; key to species). TYPE SPECIES: Othius adustus Broun , fixed by original designation.

adustus Broun, 1880: 101 ( Othius ; Type locality: Parua; [Note: See lectotype designation by Assing, 2000]).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 317 ( Othius ; catalog).

— Assing, 2000: 24 ( Maorothius ; lectotype designation: Parua , Whangarei, New Zealand; characters; notes; New Zealand) .

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

angustus Broun, 1893 , see: brouni Steel, 1949 .

brevispinosus Assing, 2000: 32 , 63 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: AK: Ahuroa forest reserve).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

brookesi Cameron, 1952c: 42 ( Othius ; Type locality: New Zealand: North Island: Maku River , Bay of Plenty).

— Assing, 2000: 36, 63 ( Maorothius ; characters; notes; New Zealand).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

brouni Steel, 1949a: 270 ( Gyrohypnus ; replacement name for angustus Broun ).

— Assing, 2000: 51, 63 ( Maorothius ; characters; notes; New Zealand).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

angustus Broun, 1893: 1026 ( Othius ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Taieri).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 317 ( Othius ; catalog).

— Steel, 1949a: 270 ( Gyrohypnus ; synonym of brouni ).

— Assing, 2000: 51 ( Maorothius ; synonym of brouni ).

coalitus Assing, 2000: 45 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: New Zealand: NN, Beebys Knob ,

1220 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

dispar Assing, 2000: 49 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: L. Rotoroa, 1200').

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

effeminatus Assing, 2000: 39 , 63 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: N. Z.: Whangarei).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

hammondi Assing, 2000: 41 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: New Zealand: WO: Kauri Flat, 14 km. SW Waingaro).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

insulanus Assing, 2000: 33 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: New Zealand: Lt Barrier ).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

hamifer Assing, 2000: 27 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: Waipu).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

longispinosus Assing, 2000: 30 , 63 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: N-Zealand: Aukland [sic]). - DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

pectinatus Assing, 2000: 42 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: New Zealand: ND, Russell SF, Runaruku).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

pubescens Assing, 2000: 34 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: Waitotara, Wanganui).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

puncticeps Broun, 1894: 419 ( Othius ; Type locality: Mount Pirongia ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 318 ( Othius ; catalog).

— Assing, 2000: 43 ( Maorothius ; characters; notes; New Zealand).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

setiger Assing, 2000: 29 , 62 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: N. Zeal.: Waipoua For.,

Waipoua Strm., 70 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

solus Assing, 2000: 57 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: New Zealand WN, Kowhai Park , Brooklyn).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

tonsor Assing, 2000: 56 , 63 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: New Zeal.: S Isl., Banks Penins).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

torquatus Assing, 2000: 55 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: Oaro, N. Canterbury).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

tridens Assing, 2000: 46 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: WN: Desert Rd, S. Turangi, Mangatawai Stm.).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

volans Assing, 2000: 47 ( Maorothius ; Type locality: Maungatapere Bush).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

Tribe Othiini

Othiini Thomson, 1859 .

— Reitter, 1908: 102 (characters).

— Portevin, 1929: 367 (characters; key to French genera).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1297 (synonym of Xantholinini ).

— Jeannel and Jarrige, 1949: 371 (cave species).

— Jarrige, 1952a: 131 (characters).

— Coiffait, 1956a: 37 (review of French taxa; characters).

— Lohse, 1964: 166 (characters; key to central European species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1968a: 63 (catalog of Austrian species).

— Coiffait, 1972: 127, 326 (tribe of Xantholininae ; characters; key to genera and species of western Palaearctic region).

— Muona, 1979: 16 (list of Scandinavian species).

— Smetana, 1982: 35 (characters; revision of and key to genera and species of North America north of Mexico).

— Bordoni, 1982: 378 (key to genera of Italy).

— Newton, 1985: 208 (notes on austral distribution and taxonomic notes).

— Outerelo and Gamarra, 1985: 43 (key to genera of Iberian Peninsula).

— Newton and Thayer, 1992: 64 (tribe of Staphylininae ).

— Klimaszewski, Newton, and Thayer, 1996: 150 (list of New Zealand genera; number of

New Zealand species).

— M. Hansen, 1996: 108 (list of Danish species).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 396 (characters).

— Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2000: 328, 390 (key to Nearctic genera).

Othiides Thomson, 1859: 26 (genera included: Othius , Gyrohypnus ). TYPE GENUS: Othius (see Newton and Thayer, 1992: 64).

Othii Thomson, 1859.

— Casey, 1906: 359, 422 (characters; key to genera).

Othiina Thomson, 1859.

— Jakobson, 1909: 498 (characters).

Atrecini Hatch, 1957: 172, 231 (key to genera of Pacific Northwest; genera included: Atrecus, Parothius ). TYPE GENUS: Atrecus (see Newton and Thayer, 1992: 64).

— Smetana, 1982: 35 (synonym of Othiini ).

— Newton and Thayer, 1992: 64 (synonym of Othiini ).

Atrecus

[14 species; Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions]

Atrecus Jacquelin du Val, 1856: 31 (species included: pilicornis ). TYPE SPECIES: Staphylinus pilicornis Paykull , fixed by original designation by monotypy.

— Schaum, 1859: 27 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 606 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Jacquelin du Val, 1868: 65 (catalog; European species).

— Fauvel, 1873b: 86 [= 1873a: 372] (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1877a: 237 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 472 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 316 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Tottenham, 1949: 370, 417 (type species: affinis Paykull = pilicornis Jacquelin du Val ; notes; checklist of British species).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 69 (type species: pilicornis ).

— Hatch, 1957: 232 (characters; key to species of Pacific Northwest).

— Smetana, 1958: 117 (characters; habitus of one species; type species: pilicornis ; key to Czechoslovakian species).

— Moore, 1963a: 94 (characters).

— Székessy, 1963: 51 (characters).

— Lohse, 1964: 167 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 47 (larval characters).

— Tikhomirova, 1973a: 180 (checklist of species of USSR).

— Moore and Legner, 1975: 72 (catalog; North America north of Mexico).

— Shilov, 1975a: 375 [= 1975b: 97] ( Atrecus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Pototskaia, 1976: 171 (larval characters).

— Pope, 1977: 28 (list of British species).

— Moore and Legner, 1979: 55 (characters; notes).

— Muona, 1979: 16 (list of Scandinavian species).

— Smetana, 1982: 36 (characters; revision of and key to species of North America north of Mexico).

— Bordoni, 1982: 397 (synonym of Baptolinus ).

— Shibata, 1983: 85 (checklist of species of Japan).

— Muona and Viramo, 1986: 14 (list of species of northeastern Finland).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 159 (valid name).

— Angelini, 1991: 190 (list of species from high elevations of Calabria, Italy).

— Campbell and Davies, 1991: 123 (checklist of species; Alaska and Canada).

— Silfverberg, 1992: 19 (list of species of Fennoscandia, Denmark, and the Baltic States).

— Welch, 1993: 228 (cited as Atrechus; ovariole structure and development).

— Janák, 1993a: 47 (list of species of Czech Republic and Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 26 (list of species of Italy).

— M. Hansen, 1996: 108 (list of Danish species).

— M. Hansen, Mahler, Palm, and Pedersen, 1996: 243 (additions to list of Danish species).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 396 (characters; key to species of Northeastern North America).

— Assing, 1998c: 349 (key to species of Palaearctic region).

— Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2000: 390 (5 Nearctic species; notes; characters in key). Baptolinus Kraatz, 1857d: 659 (species included: alternans , pilicornis ). TYPE SPECIES:

Staphylinus pilicornis Paykull , fixed by subsequent designation by Tottenham,

1945: 70.

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 982 (characters).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 26 (catalog of British species).

— Schaum, 1859: 27 (catalog; European species).

— LeConte, 1861a: 65 (characters).

— Gredler, 1863: 108 (list of species from Tirol).

— LeConte, 1863: 24 (list of North American species).

— Wencker and Silbermann, 1866: 30 (list of species; collecting notes; France).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 606 (catalog).

— Sharp, 1871d: 12 (list of British species).

— Fauvel, 1873b: 86 [= 1873a: 372] (characters; key to species).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 221 (characters; key to Austrian species).

— Fauvel, 1875a: XXIV [= 1875b: 226] (catalog).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1877a: 237 (characters; key to French species).

— Provancher, 1877: 251 (characters).

— Heyden, 1880: 75 (list of species of Siberian region).

— Duvivier, 1883: 159 (catalog).

— Fowler, 1888: 294 (notes).

— Seidlitz, 1891: 379 (key to some European species).

— Seidlitz, 1891a: 404 (key to some European species).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1891: 105 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus).

— Heyden, 1893: 43 (list of species of Siberian region).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 472 (characters; key to middle European species).

— Heyden, 1896: 33 (list of species of Siberian region).

— Casey, 1906: 424 (characters; key to species).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1906: 162 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus).

— Reitter, 1908: 103, 107 (characters; key to species).

— Reitter, 1909: 132, 133 (characters; key to species).

— Petri, 1912: 70 (list of species of Siebenbürgen).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 316 (world catalog; 9 species).

— Johansen, 1914: 428 (characters; key to Danish species).

— Leng, 1920: 106 (catalog of North American species).

— Winkler, 1925: 373 (catalog for Palaearctic region).

— Porta, 1926: 92 (characters; key to species of Italy).

— Portevin, 1929: 368 (key to French species).

— Roubal, 1930: 364 (catalog; Slovakia).

— Joy, 1932: 127 (key to British species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1320 (world catalog supplement).

— Tottenham, 1945: 70 (synonym of Atrecus ; type species designation: Staphylinus pilicornis

Paykull).

— Tottenham, 1949: 370 (synonym of Atrecus ; type species: pilicornis ).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 72 (type species: pilicornis ).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 7, 21 (characters; key to Danish species).

— Coiffait, 1956a: 42 (key to French species).

— Smetana, 1958: 117 (synonym of Atrecus ).

— Palm, 1963b: 53 (characters; key to species of Sweden).

— Lohse, 1964: 167 (characters; key to central European species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1968a: 63 (catalog of Austrian species).

— Kasule, 1970: 74 (larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1972: 358 (characters; larval characters; type species: pilicornis ; key to species of western Palaearctic region; references) .

— Pope, 1977: 28 (synonym of Atrecus ).

— Uhlig, 1979: 252 (some species collected in Germany).

— Burakowski, Mroczkowski, and Stefańska, 1980: 22 (catalog; Poland).

— Smetana, 1982: 36 (synonym of Atrecus ).

— Bordoni, 1982: 397 (characters; habitus; key to species of Italy).

— Tóth, 1989: 39 (characters; key to species of Hungary).

— Janák, 1993a: 47 (synonym of Atrecus ).

affinis Paykull, 1789: 24 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Suecia).

— Erichson, 1839a: 422 ( Othius ; synonym of pilicornis ).

— Erichson, 1839b: 297 ( Othius ; synonym of pilicornis ).

— Jacquelin du Val, 1856: pl. 11, fig. 55 ( Atrecus ; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 316, cited pilicornis Jacquelin du Val as a synonym of affinis ; Jacquelin du Val did not describe the species as new, he attributed it to Paykull]; characters).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 661 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of alternans ).

— Fauvel, 1873b: 87 [= 1873a: 373] ( Baptolinus ; characters; France; Scandinavia; Britain; Germany; Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Sicily; Sardinia; Caucasus).

— Fauvel, 1874: 338 [= 1874b: 44] ( Baptolinus ; Spain; Russia).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 474 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Europe).

— Reitter, 1908: 108 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Europe; Caucasus).

— Reitter, 1909: 134 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 316 ( Baptolinus ; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 429 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Denmark).

— Portevin, 1929: 368 ( Baptolinus ; characters; France).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1320 ( Baptolinus ; catalog).

— Paulian, 1941: 221 ( Baptolinus ; larval characters; France).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 22 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Denmark).

— Coiffait, 1956a: 43 ( Baptolinus ; characters in key).

— Smetana, 1958: 121 ( Atrecus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Palm, 1963b: 54 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 167 ( Baptolinus ; characters; central Europe).

— Smetana, 1964d: 73 ( Atrecus ; Czechoslovakia).

— Coiffait, 1965e: 120 ( Othius ; Turkey).

— Horion, 1965: 103 ( Baptolinus ; Caucasus; Siberia; Finland; Sweden; Norway; Denmark; Britain; widespread in central and southern Europe; Spain; Italy; Dalmatia; Croatia; Bosnia; Albania; Greece).

— Coiffait, 1966: 22 ( Baptolinus ; Turkey).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 49 ( Atrecus ; larval characters).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 726 ( Atrecus ; cited as afiinis; Poland).

— Bolov, 1969a: 328 ( Atrecus ; collecting notes; Russia).

— Coiffait, 1972: 363 ( Baptolinus ; characters; references; Europe; Scandinavia; Britain; Siberia; Turkey).

— Bordoni, 1973a: 192 ( Baptolinus ; Turkey).

— Bordoni, 1976: 236 ( Baptolinus ; Turkey).

— Pototskaia, 1976: 172 ( Atrecus ; larval characters).

— Legner and Moore, 1977: 176 ( Atrecus ; found under bark).

— Pope, 1977: 28 ( Atrecus ; Britain).

— Bordoni, 1982: 404 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Italy).

— Bordoni, 1986b: 386 ( Baptolinus ; Slovakia; Czechoslovakia; Croatia; Serbia; Austria; Macedonia; Bulgaria; Carniola).

— Segers, 1986: 41 ( Baptolinus ; checklist of species; Belgium).

— Lucht, 1987: 103 ( Baptolinus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Tóth, 1989: 39 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Hungary).

— Ciceroni, 1993: 77 ( Atrecus ; Italy).

— Welch, 1993: 228 ( Atrecus ; ovariole number and ovary structure).

— Janák, 1993a: 47 ( Atrecus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Sparacio, 1995: 159 ( Atrecus ; characters; notes; Sicily).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 26 ( Atrecus ; Italy).

— Luff, 1996: 30 ( Atrecus ; collecting notes; Isle of Man).

— Assing, 1998c: 345, 350 ( Atrecus ; characters; discussion of variation; Georgia; Turkey; Greece; Bulgaria).

— Owen, 1999b: 61 ( Atrecus ; captured underground at roots of old trees; Britain).

— Fowles, Alexander, and Key, 1999: 129 ( Atrecus ; saproxylic species; status as endangered or threatened species; Britain).

— Lott, 1999: 72 ( Atrecus ; saproxylic species; habitat; endangered status; Britain).

— Owen, 2000: 251 ( Atrecus ; pitfall trap collections from underground at roots of trees; Britain).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Russia, Caucasus, Turkey.

alternans Gravenhorst, 1802: 48 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Not cited, but presumably Brunsvigae ).

— Latreille, 1804: 333 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 107 ( Staphylinus ).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 359 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of pilicornis Paykull ).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Xantholinus ; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 335 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of pilicornis Paykull ).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 34 ( Gyrohypnus ; Finland).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 448 ( Gyrohypnus ; Finland).

— Griffith and Pidgeon, 1832: 292 ( Xantholinus ).

— Stephens, 1833: 254 ( Othius ; characters; England).

— Nordmann, 1837: 120 ( Gyrohypnus ; Germany; Sweden; Tauria).

— Erichson, 1839a: 422 ( Othius ; synonym of pilicornis ).

— Heer, 1839: 248 ( Othius ; characters; Switzerland).

— Erichson, 1839b: 297 ( Othius ; synonym of pilicornis ).

— Stephens, 1839: 402 ( Othius ; characters; England).

— Laporte, 1840: 180 ( Gyrohypnus ; characters; France).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 499 ( Othius ; synonym of pilicornis ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 660 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 982 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Austria).

— Thomson, 1860: 187 ( Gyrohypnus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Fauvel, 1865a: 298 [= 1865b: 48] ( Baptolinus ; habitat; France).

— Fauvel, 1867c: 114 [= 1868b: 213] ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Fauvel, 1873b: 87 [= 1873a: 373] ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 222 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 281 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Baltic region).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 33 ( Baptolinus ; Finland).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1877a: 243 ( Baptolinus ; characters; France).

— Fowler, 1888: 294 ( Baptolinus ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 474 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Reitter, 1908: 108 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 316 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1321 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 121 ( Atrecus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Coiffait, 1972: 363 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Legner and Moore, 1977: 176 ( Atrecus ; found under bark).

— Pope, 1977: 28 ( Atrecus ; synonym of affinis ).

— Bordoni, 1982: 404 ( Baptolinus ; synonym of affinis ).