Exorista (Spixomyia), Crosskey

Tachi, Takuji, 2011, Three new species of Exorista Meigen (Diptera: Tachinidae), with a discussion of the evolutionary pattern of host use in the genus, Journal of Natural History 45 (19 - 20), pp. 1165-1197 : 1172-1175

Subgenus Spixomyia Crosskey

Scotiella Mesnil (1940): 39 (as subgenus of Exorista ). Type species: Exorista (Scotiella) bisetosa Mesnil, 1940 , by original designation. Junior homonym of Scotiella Delo, 1935. Spixomyia Crosskey (1967) : 28, new name for Scotiella Mesnil, 1940.

Diagnosis

Lowermost frontal setae nearly level with lower margin of pedicel; parafacial broad, usually wider than first flagellomere; lower facial margin not produced forwards or only slightly produced; three presutural and four postsutural dorsocentral setae.

Remarks

Spixomyia is non-monophyletic and diagnosed as above in the present study. It is known from 27 species widely distributed in East Asia, the Oriental, Oceania and Australian Regions ( Crosskey 1973, 1976; Cantrell 1985; Cantrell and Crosskey 1989; Herting and Dely-Draskovits 1993; Tachi and Shima 2008; O’Hara et al. 2009). Members of Spixomyia are divided into E. bisetosa and E. hyalipennis groups. In the E. bistosa group (6), E. bisetosa Mesnil , E. coras (Walker) , E. doddi (Curran) , E. fortis Chao (possibly), E. globosa sp. nov. and E. ladelli (Baranov) are included. The E. hyalipennis group (21) comprises E. argenteostriata (Baranov) , E. aureisquamosa (Baranov) , E. aurichalcea (Baranov) , E. antennalis Chao , E. aureifrons (Baranov) , E. flaviventris sp. nov., E. fuscipennis (Baranov) , E. grandiforceps Chao , E. horrens (Walker) , E. hyalipennis (Baranov) , E. lepis Chao , E. notabilis (Walker) , E. patelliforceps Mesnil , E. penicilla Chao and Liang , E. quadriseta (Baranov) , E. sabahensis sp. nov., E. sarcophagata (Walker) , E. sumatrensis (Townsend) (possibly), E. spina Chao and Liang , E. tristis (Curran) and E. velutina Mesnil.

Preliminary key to the 16 species of Spixomyia in East Asia and the Oriental Regions

Male postabdominal characters of Exorista are generally useful for species identification ( Tachi and Shima 2008). In particular, there are unique features in the male postabdomen of Spixomyia species. In the following key the original descriptions and illustrations of male postabdominal characters are used. Exorista fortis Chao and E. sumatrensis (Townsend) are excluded from the key because their descriptions are

Austrophorocera hirsuta

Exorista (Adenia) rustica

Exorista (A.) tubigera

Exorista (A.) mimula

Exorista (A.) cuneata

Exorista (Podotachina) sorbillans Exorista (P.) cantans

Exorista (P.) grandis

Exorista (Ptilotachina) civilis Exorista (Pt.) xanthaspis

Exorista (Exoristella) glossatorum Exorista (Exorista) larvarum Exorista (E.) japonica

Exorista (Spixomyia) bisetosa Exorista (S.) doddi

Exorista (S.) globosa sp. nov. Exorisa (S.) ladelli

Parasetigena silvestris

Phorocera obscura

Tachinomyia variata

Exorista (S.) aureifrons

Exorista (S.) patelliforceps Exorista (S.) lepis

Exorista (S.) sabahenesis sp. nov. Exorista (S.) flaviventris sp. nov. Exorista (S.) hyalipennis Neophryxe psychidis

Exorista (Tricholyga) nova Stomatomyia sp.

Chetogena sp. ( Japan) Chetogena sp. ( Iran)

Bessa parallela

Chaetexorista ateripalpis Diplostichus janithrix Ctenophorinia adiscalis

Phorinia spinulosa

Drinomyia hokkaidensis Prodegeeria japonica

Istocheta sp.

Aplomya confinis Phorocerosoma vicarium Winthemia venusta

based on the female specimens. The key will be improved when additional materials are available in future studies.

1. Eye hairy: male cerci with black setae on dorsal surface.. .... E. bisetosa group.. ................................................................2 Eye bare: male cerci with usually golden setae on dorsal surface (except E. hyalipennis and E. fuscipennis ).. .... E. hyalipennis group..... ... ... ....5

2. Two katepisternal setae... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......3 Three katepisternal setae...........................................4

3. Male cerci spatulate in dorsal view; surstylus slightly curved outward on apical half in dorsal view ( Figure 3B )... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... E. doddi (Curran) Male cerci evenly tapered to apex in dorsal view; surstylus strongly curved outward on apical half in dorsal view ( Tachi and Shima 2008: fig. 25).. ....................................................... E. bisetosa Mesnil

4. Male cerci strongly excavated on dorsomedian portion ( Figure 5A,B ).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... E. ladelli (Baranov) Male cerci not excavated and smooth on dorsomedian portion ( Figure 4A,B ).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... E. globosa sp. nov.

5. Palpus yellow or reddish yellow, at most dark brown or brownish black basally.. ..............................................................6 Palpus black.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...14

6. Male cerci without golden setae on dorsal surface.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 7 Male cerci with golden setae on dorsal surface.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ....8

7. Third abdominal tergum sometimes and fourth tergum always with median discal setae.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... E. hyalipennis (Baranov) Intermediate abdominal terga without median discal setae.... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ..... E. fuscipennis (Baranov)

8. Male cerci nearly round in dorsal view.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 Male cerci elliptical or triangular in dorsal view.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10

9. Male cerci nearly rectangular except narrowed apical portion in lateral view.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ........ E. lepis Chao Male cerci broad and nearly triangular in lateral view.. ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... E. patelliforceps Mesnil

10. Mid tibia with two anterodorsal setae.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ...11 Mid tibia with three or four anterodorsal setae.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....13

11. Fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and gena with wholly golden pruinosity; facial ridge with fine setae on its lower half.. .. ... ... .... .... E. grandiforceps Chao Gena and lower part of parafacial with silvery white pruinosity; facial ridge with some fine setae on its lower one-sixth.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......12

12. Male cerci with golden setae from middle to apical part, weakly curved ventrally at apex in lateral view.. ... ... ... ... ....... E. quadriseta (Baranov) Male cerci with long golden setae basally, strongly curved ventrally at apex in lateral view.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ......... E. penicilla Chao

13. Surstylus narrow and nearly rectangular except narrow apical portion in lateral view........................................ E. aureifrons (Baranov) Surstylus rather wide and triangular in lateral view..... E. sabahensis sp. nov.

14. Apical narrowed portion of male cerci rather long in dorsal view.................................................................... E. antennalis Chao Apical narrowed portion of male cerci short in dorsal view............... 15

15. Abdominal terga with whitish grey pruinosity; mid tibia with two anterodorsal setae....................................................... E. spina Chao Yellow pruinosity on third to fifth abdominal terga contrasting with black basal portion; mid tibia with three or four anterodorsal setae.................................................................... E. flaviventris sp. nov.

Descriptions

Figures

Figure 3. Male postabdomen of Exorista (Spixomyia) doddi (Curran). (A) Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view; (B) same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side); (C) hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and aedeagus in lateral view; (D) abdominal fifth sternum in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). Scale bars 0.2 mm. cerc, cerci; distph, distiphallus; epand, epandrium; epiph, epiphallus; hypd, hypandrium; pgt, postgonite; prgt, pregonite; sur, surstylus.

Figure 4. Male postabdomen of Exorista (Spixomyia) globosa sp. nov. (A) Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view; (B) same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side); (C) hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and aedeagus in lateral view; (D) abdominal fifth sternum in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). Scale bars 0.2 mm.

Figure 5. Male postabdomen of Exorista (Spixomyia) ladelli (Baranov). (A) Epandrium, cerci and surstylus in lateral view; (B) same in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side); (C) hypandrium, pregonite, postgonite and aedeagus in lateral view; (D) abdominal fifth sternum in dorsal view (setae omitted on left side). Scale bars 0.2 mm.