Xyphinus xanthus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1987

Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, 2014, The goblin spider genus Xyphinus (Araneae; Oonopidae), Zootaxa 3870 (1), pp. 1-79 : 24

Xyphinus xanthus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1987

( Figs 18–21 ; map 2 )

Type material. Male holotype and female paratype ( PBI _ OON 00031946 ), MALAYSIA: Sabah, north of Tamparuli , in light secondary forest, in litter, 1.7.1979, leg. P. R. and C.L. Deeleman, RMNH, examined .

Additional material examined. MALAYSIA: Sabah, 3 females ( PBI _ OON 00031941 ), Tuaran , 450 m, flower litter, 1.VII.1979, coll. Deeleman, RMNH . Poring Hot Springs, 2 males & 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00031874 ), 500 m leaf-litter, 2.–5. V .1991, leg. C.L. and P. R. Deeleman, RMNH . 2 males & 2 females ( PBI _ OON 00012302 ), 500 m, 11. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 1 male & 2 females ( PBI _ OON 00012317 ), 500 m, 7. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 1 male ( PBI _ OON 00012330 ), 550–600 m, 9. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 3 males ( PBI _ OON 00012264 ), 600 m, near Bat Cave , 10. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 1 male ( PBI _ OON 00012271 ), 500 m, 6. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. Mt. Kinabalu , 1 male & 2 females ( PBI _ OON 00012342 ), 1150 m, rte Ranau to Kota Kinabalu, 24. V .1987, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. Crocker Range, 2 females ( PBI _ OON 00012257 ), 1270 m, km 60 rte Kota Kinabalu to Tambunan, 17. V .87, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 3 males & 3 females ( PBI _ OON 00012263 ), 1200m, km 63 rte Kota Kinabalu to Tambunan, 19. V .87, leg. Burckhardt & Löbl, MHNG. 1 female ( PBI _ OON 00031957 ), locality unknown, RMNH .

Diagnosis. From other Xyphinus species X. xanthus can be distinguished by the granulation of the carapace surface sides ( Figs 18C ; 20C ) and by the presence of microsculpture on the male palpal patella and tibia ( Fig. 19A,D,G–J ). The female epigastric area is strongly protruding and shows a triangle-shaped structure, which is shorter than in X. abanghamidi and X. lemniscatus ( Figs 20F ; 21A–F ).

Description. Male. Total length 2.07 mm. Carapace: Orange-brown, broadly oval in dorsal view, strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, with angular posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, anterolateral corners with slightly sclerotized triangular projections, posterolateral surface without spikes, surface of pars cephalica smooth, sides granulate, fovea present, lateral margin with blunt denticles ( Fig. 18A–C ). Clypeus: Sinuous in frontal view, sloping forward in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more ( Fig. 18D ). Eyes: PME largest, ALE circular, PME and PLE oval. Posterior eye row procurved from both above and front. ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE and PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PLE and PME separated by less than PME radius, PME touching ( Fig. 18A, D ). Sternum: Longer than wide, sickle-shaped structures not touching. Radial furrows opposite coxae III absent. Anterior corner slightly sclerotized ( Fig. 18B, E ). With evenly scattered setae. Surface smooth ( Fig. 18B ). Mouthparts: Chelicerae widely divergent, with swelling on anterior face, setae evenly scattered ( Fig. 18D ). Labium rectangular, indented at middle, margin more sclerotized than sternum, with 3–5 setae on anterior margin. Abdomen: Tip of abdomen overlapping carapace, almost reaching highest point of carapace. Book-lung covers elliptical. Scuto-pedicel region with widely oval scutal ridge, few sharply pointed denticles with setae dorsally of the scutal ridge ( Fig. 18C ). Dorsal scutum orange brown, middle surface punctate, sides punctate, anterior half without projecting denticles, dorsal scutum embedding narrow tip of abdomen ( Fig. 18C ). Epigastric scutum not protruding. Postepigastric scutum with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes ( Fig. 18B ). Posterior spiracles connected by groove. Legs: Tibia with three, metatarsi with one trichobothria each. Harpoon-like hairs covering the distal part of metatarsi III and IV. Tarsal organ of leg II with two and of leg IV with three sensilla ( Fig. 18F, G ). Genitalia: Sperm pore small, situated at level of anterior spiracles. Trochanter normal size, unmodified. Femur two or more times as long as trochanter, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, with microsculpture on prolateral surface, tibia two times as long as patella, with microsculpture on prolateral surface, with three trichobothria ( Fig. 19 A, D, G–I ). Cymbium pale orange, ovoid in dorsal view, fused with bulb, but with clearly defined seam between, bulb orange-brown, 1 to 1.5 times as long as cymbium, heavy, with dark ventral, plate-like apophysis, divided into distinct lobes, one sharply pointed, one beak-shaped. Membranous apophyses ventrally, twisted ( Fig. 19A–I ). One apophyses with striated surface distally ( Fig. 19J ).

Female. Total length 2.17 mm. Clypeus straight in front view, vertical in lateral view. Mouthparts: Chelicerae slightly divergent, anterior face unmodified. Female palp spineless, femur with two spine-like hairs ventrally, tibia with three trichobothria and few spine-like hairs prolaterally. Abdomen: Epigastric scutum strongly protruding ( Fig. 20C, F ). Legs: Tarsal organ of leg I with two and of leg III with three sensilla ( Fig. 20G, H ). Genitalia: Epigastric furrow narrow. Dark, tongue-like, strongly protruding structure visible, directed posteriorly. Dark straight tube shining through ( Fig. 21A–F ).

Figures

MAP 2. Records of X. montanus (triangles), X. xanthus (circle), X. xelo (square) and X. holgeri sp. nov. (stars).

FIGURE 18. Xyphinus xanthus male. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, anterior view; E, mouthparts, ventral view, SEM; F, leg II, tarsal organ, dorsal view, SEM; G, leg IV, tarsal organ, dorsal view, SEM. Scale bars A, B, C = 1 mm; D = 0.5 mm; E = 0.2 mm; F, G = 0.005 mm.

FIGURE 19. Xyphinus xanthus male. A–G, left palp; A, D, prolateral view, arrow indicates microsculpture; B, E, ventral view; C, F, retrolateral view; G, prolateral view, SEM, arrow indicates microsculpture; H, left palpal patella, prolateral view, SEM, arrow indicates microsculpture; I, left palpal patella, detail, prolateral view, SEM, arrow indicates microsculpture; J, left palp, distal apophysis, prolateral view, SEM. Scale bars A–H = 0.1 mm; I, J = 0.002 mm.

FIGURE 20. Xyphinus xanthus female. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view; C, habitus, lateral view; D, carapace, anterior view; E, abdomen, ventral view; F, same, lateral view; G, leg I, tarsal organ, dorsal view, SEM; H, leg III, tarsal organ, dorsal view, SEM. Scale bars A, B, C = 1 mm; D, E, F = 0.5 mm; G, H= 0.005 mm.

FIGURE 21. Xyphinus xanthus female. A, C, epigastric area, ventral view; B, D, same, dorsal view; E, abdomen, ventral view, SEM; F, epigastric area, ventral view, SEM. Scale bars 0.1 mm.