Vespidae (Hymenoptera) of the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan
Author
Siddiqui, Junaid Ali
Author
Bodlah, Imran
Author
Carpenter, James M.
Author
Naeem, Muhammad
Author
Ahmad, Munir
Author
Bodlah, Muhammad Adnan
text
Zootaxa
2015
3914
5
501
524
journal article
42237
10.11646/zootaxa.3914.5.1
741c4672-2d53-443c-8aef-eda67ff87d01
1175-5326
241739
64BD9B4F-97A5-4D1E-84FA-EF3947FAD569
Family
Vespidae
The
Vespidae (Hymenoptera)
is a cosmopolitan, diverse and large family of wasps including about 5000 species worldwide (
Aguiar
et al.
2013
). These wasps are social, eusocial and solitary.
Vespidae
is further divided into six subfamilies
Eumeninae
,
Euparagiinae
,
Polistinae
,
Stenogastrinae
,
Masarinae
and
Vespinae
(
Carpenter 1982
,
Pickett & Carpenter 2010
). Adults are predominantly reddish, brownish or black with dense white or yellow markings. The majority of the species are solitary, but various are social. The immatures are usually predators on other insects.