Description of three species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 (Raspailiidae: Demospongiae: Porifera) from the Western Atlantic and a name to replace the the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti
Author
Cavalcanti, Thaynã
Author
Santos, George Garcia
Author
Pinheiro, Ulisses
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-03-01
4388
1
89
101
journal article
30615
10.11646/zootaxa.4388.1.6
8727b4e8-bf32-4c30-aa04-1821c0c390c6
1175-5326
1187855
51239FBF-CE7E-4614-9E18-3D78F489B16C
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
(
Figures 1
,
4–5
, Table 1)
Type
locality:
Brazil
,
Rio
Grande do Norte
State, Potiguar Basin.
Type
specimens:
Holotype
.
UFPEPOR 1949,
Bacia Potiguar
(
04° 36.7198' S
–
036° 46.7554' W
),
Rio
Grande do Norte
State,
Brazil
, depth
157 m
, trawl, col.
Petrobras
, (
22/V/2011
).
Diagnosis.
Thinly encrusting sponge with a spicule complement composed by large tylostyles (
1000–2315
/ 6– 10 µm), acanthostyles I (119–300 / 6–12 µm), acanthostyles II (62–98 / 2–8 µm) and oxeas (207–550 / 2–5 µm).
External morphology (
Fig. 4A–B
).
Thinly encrusting sponge, approximately
0.5 mm
thick. Hispid surface, consistency fragile and oscula absent. Colour in life is unknown and brown when preserved (80% ethanol).
FIGURE 4.
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
(UFPEPOR 1949, holotype). A, preserved specimen; B, close up of sponge surface. Scale bars: A = 2 cm; B = 2 mm.
FIGURE 5.
Spicule complement of
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
(UFPEPOR 1949, holotype) in SEM. A, choanosomal tylostyles; B, tylostyles details; C, size variation of oxeas; D, oxea details; E, size variation of acanthostyles I; F, acanthostyles I details; G, acanthostyles II; H, acanthostyles II details. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, F–G = 20 µm; C, E = 50 µm; D, H = 10 µm.
Skeleton (
Fig. 4B
).
No special ectosomal skeleton. Choanosomal skeleton composed of typical microcionid structure. Tylostyles, acanthostyles and oxeas protruded through surface forming projections of single spicules over the sponge.
Spicules (
Fig. 5A–H
).
Choanosomal tylostyles, eventually subtylostyles
(
1000–
1418.5
–2315 / 6–
8.1
–10 µm): elongated, smooth, curved, and with blunt tips and rounded tyla (
Fig. 5A–B
); Acanthostyles I (119–
205.5
–300 / 6–
9.0
–12 µm): long, robust, erect to slightly curved, with few little spines over the shaft, more abundant at the sponge basement (
Fig. 5E–F
); Acanthostyles II (62–
74.3
–98 / 2–
4.1
–8 µm): smaller than acanthostyles I, thin, straight, with big curved spines (hook-shaped) directed to the base projected all over the shaft (
Fig. 5G–H
); Thin oxeas (207–
443.7
–550 / 2–
2.7
–5.5 µm): long, slightly curved, and with blunt tips (
Fig. 5C–D
).
Distribution and ecology (
Fig. 1
).
Known from the
type
locality Potiguar Basin (
Rio Grande do Norte
State, Northeastern Region,
Brazil
), at
157 m
.
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
was found over a sand aggregate on the bryozoan
Cupuladria
sp.
Etymology.
The species name refers to the
type
locality Potiguar Basin,
Brazil
.
Remarks.
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
differ from other Atlantic species of the genus, in spicules complement composed by large tylostyles, two categories of acanthostyles and oxeas, and dimensions (Tab. 1). The most similar species are
E
.
mucronale
and
E
.
urizae
, which have (sub)tylostyles, two size categories of acanthostyles and oxeas. However, the new species has much smaller tylostyles and oxeas are greater than those exhibited by
E
.
urizae
and
E
.
mucronale
(Tab. 1).
Eurypon fulvum
and
E
.
major
share with
E
.
potiguaris
sp. nov.
the presence of choanosomal tylostyles, acanthostyles and oxeas. Nevertheless, they present only one category of acanthostyles and differ regarding the spicules dimensions (Tab. 1).
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
differs from
E
.
clavilectuarium
,
E
.
miniaceum
and
E
.
suassunai
by the presence of choanosomal subtylostyles and styles. The new species differ from
E
.
hispidulum
,
E
.
incipiens
,
E
.
scabiosum
and
E
.
simplex
for presenting oxeas. Acanthostyles are absent in
E
.
lictor
and
E
.
topsenti
.
Eurypon clavatella
,
E
.
clavatum
,
E
.
cinctum
,
E
.
coronula
,
E
.
distyli
,
E
.
longispiculum
,
E
.
pulitzeri
nom. nov.
,
E
.
radiatum
,
E
.
toureti
and
E
.
viride
present only one category of acanthostyles, while the new species has two acanthostyle categories.
Eurypon potiguaris
sp. nov.
differs from
E
.
oxychaetum
sp. nov.
in spicules complement.