Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera)
Author
Zuparko, Robert L.
text
Zootaxa
2015
4017
1
1
126
journal article
39938
10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1
086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24
1175-5326
245475
BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A
Bothriothorax
Ratzeburg 1844
Hosts.
Diptera
:
Syrphidae
californicus
Howard 1895a
: 609
Type
.
USNM
Distribution.
C (Alameda, Alpine, Contra Costa, Fresno, Humboldt, Lassen, Marin, Mendocino, Merced, Mono/Tuolumne border, Monterey, Nevada, Riverside, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sierra, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo,
coastal southern California
)
Host/habitat.
Eupeodes nitens
,
Scaeva pyrastri
,
Syrphus opinator
Remarks.
Howard described
B
.
californicus
from three specimens, noting the “
types
” were in the
U.S.
National Museum, but I found only two specimens there. The Nearctic
Bothriothorax
species are badly in need of revision—the only generic treatment was by
Howard (1895a)
and there are discrepancies between the specimens and the descriptions therein. This species may prove to be a senior synonym of
B
.
faridi
and
B
.
rotundiformis
(
q
.
v
.).
faridi
Kamal 1926
: 283
Type
.
USNM
Distribution.
C (Santa Clara)
Host/habitat.
Syrphus opinator
Remarks.
In the original description, Kamal did not provide a diagnosis for this species. It is very close to
B
.
californicus
, and the only difference I could discern between the
types
of the two species is a pair of medial longitudinal carina on the propodeum of
B
.
faridi
(missing in
B
.
californicus
). However, this is not a reliable defining characteristic, as an examination of a series of specimens from Merced County show it is present in some specimens and absent from others, so I suspect
B
.
faridi
will prove to be a junior synonym of
B
.
californicus
.
nigripes
Howard 1895a
: 610
Type
.
USNM
Distribution.
N (Colusa, Contra Costa, Imperial, Inyo, Kern, Los Angeles, Marin, Mono, Monterey, Orange, Placer, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa
Barbara, Trinity, Tulare
)
Host/habitat.
Eupeodes lapponicus
,
E
.
volucris
Remarks.
In the original description, Howard erroneously reported the first funicle segment was as long as the pedicel. There is a series of specimens of this species from Los Angeles County that were apparently reared from the pupa of a
Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera)
(EMEC). Interestingly, this is not the first record of a
Bothriothorax
associated with Lepidoptera—
B
.
altensteinii
Ratzeburg 1844
has been reported as a hyperparasitoid of
Lymantria dispar
(Linnaeus)
(
Lepidoptera
:
Lymantriidae
) via
Exorista larvarum
(Linnaeus)
(
Diptera
:
Tachinidae
) (
Erdös 1957
), and
B
.
paradoxus
(
Dalman 1820
)
has been reported from
L
.
dispar
, as well as
Phalera bucephala
(Linnaeus) (Notodontidae)
, and as a hyperparasitoid of
Gastropacha quercifolia
(Linnaeus) (Lasiocampidae)
, via the tachinids
Compsilura concinnata
(Meigen)
,
E
.
larvarum
and
Sturmia scutellata
(Robineau-Desvoidy) (
Gyorfi 1942
)
. Although
Noyes (2001)
considers the
P
.
bucephala
record erroneous based on the discontinuity in the generic host range (predatory syrphids vs. parasitic tachinids), a similar dichotomy is present in the genus
Syrphophagus
, which are known as primary parasitoids of syrphids and hyperparasitoids of aphids.
rotundiformis
Howard 1895a
: 610
Type
.
USNM
Distribution.
N (Placer)
Host/habitat.
Unknown
Remarks.
This species is known from only the single
type
specimen, which is very close to
B
.
californicus
. I am treating it as a good species, but further research may prove these two species to be synonymous.
spp.
Remarks.
Specimens that appear to represent three additional species were collected in Alameda, Marin, Nevada, San Mateo and Santa Clara, Santa Cruz and Sonoma counties (CAS, EMEC, LACM, RLZC).