Shifting the known richness of Paramycodrosophila Duda, 1924 (Diptera: Drosophilidae): the description of nineteen new species in the Neotropical region Author Frech-Telles, Marcos Henrique Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Author Gottschalk, Marco Silva Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Author Valente-Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2024 e 20230105 2024-07-15 68 1 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0105 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0105 1806-9665 13198855 9B74F533-C4F5-45A8-A614-C0786439F7A6 Paramycodrosophila sp.5 ( Figs. 65 , 66 , 87B ) Material examined : female labelled as follows:“ Brasil , Amazonas , Novo Airão , Rodovia AM 352 - km 68, igarapé Mato Grosso , 14-28/ ix/2016 , 2°48’58”S ; 60°55’18”W , Arm. [armadilha, =Trap] Malaise, Próximo a um igarapé [close to a creek], JA Rafael; RR. Xavier Filho”, “ AM08 ” [ INPA ]. Specimen condition: Both wings detached and placed between coverslips . Description. Head ( Figs. 65A, C ): yellow with black and dark brown marks; eyes reddish, pubescent; face brownish, ventrally darker; carina brownish, prominent, narrow; scape brownish; pedicel brownish, apically light yellow; flagellomere 1 brown, lighter basally, compressed, mango shaped; arista with four dorsal branches, one ventral branch and terminal fork; frons yellow and brown; fronto-orbital plate yellow, brown spot at the base of p rc frorb s; fronto-orbital setae black, a rc frorb s anterior of pc frorb s; distance between pc frorb s and a rc frorb s = 0.03 mm , between pc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.08 mm , and between a rc frorb s and p rc frorb s = 0.08 mm ; frontal vitta brown, lighter near ptilinal suture; frontal triangle brownish, large; ocellar triangle black, prominent; postocellar setae black, not crossing; genae light yellow, black at the margins and under the eye near the base of vibrissae; palps brown, large; labellum brown. Thorax ( Figs. 65B, C ): yellow with brown marks; scutum yellow with two longitudinal faint brown bands anteriorly parallel along the sub-dorsal vitta converging and fusing medially in the height of transversal suture, posterior to the fusion, the bands are replaced by faint spots at the base of mid acrostichal setulae, postpronotum light yellow almost white; six irregular rows of acrostichal setulae which become scarce after the anterior dorsocentral setae; anterior dorsocentral; transversal suture with a brown mark; scutellum yellow; apical scutellar setae divergent, curved inwards; pleura mostly brown with continual light yellow band above katepisternum. Legs yellow, femora with slightly darker ring near the base. Wings ( Fig. 65F ): hyaline with a black and apically pointy costal lappet; faint darker patch present bellow costal lappet; R 4+5 and M 1 parallel; halter light yellow; index: C = 1.76, ac = 2.83, hb = 0.93, 4c = 1.76, 4v = 3.03, 5x = 2.67, M = 1.10, prox. x = 0.66. Length = 1.62 mm , width = 0.76 mm . Abdomen ( Figs. 65D, E ): tergites yellow and brown; T1 brownish, laterally black; T2 black, laterally interrupted in yellow, faint yellow mark medially near the anterior margin; T3 black, sub-laterally interrupted in yellow, anterior yellow spot sub-laterally of the large black area; T4 yellow, black caudal band, the band advances towards the anterior margin medially and laterally, sub-laterally yellow, laterally black, sub-laterally yellow, laterally brown; T5 yellow with a dark brown triangle shaped mark medially, black marks sub-laterally and laterally; T6 yellow with black triangle shaped mark medially, laterally black; T7 yellow; sternites tan S7 with microtrichia and with 12 setulae; intersegmental membranes light. Terminalia ( Fig. 66 ): T8 with microtrichia in the dorsal region; epiproct and hypoproct with microtrichia, with many long and some smaller setae; oviscapt vale sclerotinized, long, with a curved posterior margin in lateral view; five peg-like ovisensilla with different sizes on the posterior margin, horizontal row of five peg-like ovisensilla on the apical ventral margin, tiny pegs on the ventral margin; the most ventral ovisensilla is longer making the oviscapt very pointy. Spermathecal capsule sclerotized, dome-shaped, roundish; introvert 1/3 the total length of the capsule; wrinkled rings on the basal 1/5, with a small depression apically. Eggs : chorion ornated dorsally, with four filaments and the micropyle; the two apical filaments about the length of the sub-apical; the bigger filaments are 1/2 the length of the main body of the chorion. Body length : 1.95mm .