Three new species of Ficus (Moraceae) from Central and northern-South America
Author
Medina, Nicolás
text
Phytotaxa
2014
2014-12-08
188
1
21
30
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.3
journal article
10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.3
1179-3163
5147111
Ficus nebulosilvana
N. Medina
,
sp. nov.
(
Figs. 1
,
4A–D
)
Type
:—
COLOMBIA
.
Nariño
:
Piedra Ancha
, corregimiento
Chucunez
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
1650–1800 m
,
1°10’N
77°58’W
,
18 May 1991
,
Betancur et al. 2575
(
holotype
COL!, isotypes MO!,
NY
!, PSO!)
.
Ficus nebulosilvana
is most similar to
F. cuatrecasana
from which it is easily distinguished by its reduced number of secondary veins, lack of intersecondary parallel veins and the smaller size of the leaves.
Trees or stranglers (vines?), up to ca.
25 m
tall. Leafy twigs
5–6 mm
diameter, glabrous to brown-tomentose; periderm persistent. Laminae coriaceous, bullate, ovate (sometimes elliptic), 8–15
×
5–8 cm
, apex acuminate to cuneate, base truncate to subcordate (lobes up to
5 mm
), margin entire; upper surface glabrous to puberulous; lower surface pubescent to occasionally glabrous and tomentose on the veins, hairs up to
3 mm
in length, brown to yellow, erect; midrib and lateral veins prominent above, lateral veins 4–7 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/5–1/10 the length of the lamina, tertiary venation reticulate; waxy gland at the base of the midrib beneath; petiole
22–30 mm
,
3–4 mm
in diameter, glabrous to hirsute; stipules
10–15 mm
long, sericeous, caducous. Figs axillary, born in pairs, sessile; basal bracts
2–3 mm
long, persistent, sericeous to glabrous; receptacle globose,
8–13 mm
in diameter when dry, glabrous to pubescent; ostiole ca.
3 mm
in diameter, slightly prominent. Staminate flowers
1–1.5 mm
pedicellate, tepals 3, 1–
1.4 mm
long, stamens 1, anthers ca.
1 mm
long. Pistillate flowers
0–2.5 mm
pedicellate, tepals 3,
1.5–1.9 mm
long; style
0–20 mm
long; stigma ca.
0.2 mm
long, bifid; ovary
0.9–1.1 mm
long, asymmetrically reniform; interfloral bracts
1.8–2 mm
.
Distribution and Habitat:
—
Ficus nebulosilvana
is known only from the slopes of the western Andes in
Colombia
and
Ecuador
(
Fig. 6
), in Cloud Forests at
1300–2200 m
elevation.
Vernacular Name:
—Matapalo.
Conservation assessment:—
Applying IUCN Red list categories (
IUCN, 2001
),
Ficus nebulosilvana
is categorized as Least Concern (LC), because of its wide extent of occurrence in western
Colombia
and its presence at several localities protected for conservation.
Etymology:
—The specific epithet refers to the cloud forests habitat of the species.
Additional specimens examined:
—
COLOMBIA
.
Antioquia
:
Frontino
, corregimiento
Nutibara
, región
Murí
, carretera hacia
La Blanquita
,
1700 m
,
13 July 1986
,
Acevedo
et al. 1340
(
HUA
!, US!)
;
Frontino
, corregimiento
Nutibara
, región
Murí
,
1780 m
,
11 July 1986
,
Acevedo
et al. 1279
(HUA!,
NY
!,
US
!)
;
Frontino
,
2000 m
,
06°40’N
76°20’W
,
9 Dec 1988
,
McPherson
13394
(COL!,
HUA
!, MO!)
;
Urrao
, vereda
Calles
, PNN
Las Orquídeas
,
Alto
de Palmitas
,
1700–1750 m
,
06°32’N
76°19’W
,
4 Dec 1993
,
Pipoly
et al. 17613
(MO!)
;
Frontino
, corregimiento
Nutibara
, cuenca alta del
Río Cuevas
,
1980 m
,
17 Nov 1986
,
Sánchez
et al. 491
(
COL
!)
;
Frontino
, corregimiento
Nutibara
, cuenca alta del
Río Cuevas
,
1900 m
,
06°47’N
76°3W
,
17 Apr 1987
,
Sánchez
et al. 1272
(
MEDEL
!,
MO
!). Chocó:
San José del Palmar
, cerro del Torrá,
1620–1900 m
,
04°46’N
76°29’W
,
26 Aug 1988
,
Ramos
et al. 1607
(MO!).
Nariño
:
Ricaurte
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
7 km
al
S de Ricaurte
,
1800–2100 m
,
01°10’N
77°59’W
,
16–24 July 1995
,
Barreto
et al. 148
(MO!)
;
Ricaurte
,
Hacienda La Planada
,
25 Nov 1982
,
Benavides
3433
(
PSO
!)
;
Ricaurte
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
7 km
de Chucunés
,
1800 m
,
01°10’N
77°58’W
,
2 Nov 1987
,
Benavides
8765
(
MO
!,
PSO
!)
;
15 Nov 1987
,
Benavides
8913
(
MO
!,
PSO
!)
;
27 Aug 1988
,
Benavides
10210
(
MO
!,
PSO
!)
;
26 Sep 1989
,
Benavides
10841
(
PSO
!)
;
2 Nov 1987
,
Benavides
11173
(
PSO
!)
;
Ricaurte
,
Finca La Planada
, near
Chucunes
,
1950 m
,
13 Jan 1981
,
Gentry
et al. 30586
(MO!)
;
Ricaurte
,
La Planada Reserve
,
7 km
from
Chucunes
,
01°5’N
78°1’W
,
7 Jan 1988
,
Gentry
et al. 60528
(
MO
!,
PSO
!)
;
Ricaurte
,
7 km
de Chucunés
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
1800 m
,
01°10’N
77°58’W
,
5 Nov 1991
,
Giraldo
46
(
PSO
!)
;
21 May 1992
,
Giraldo
136
(
HUA
!)
;
Ricaurte
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
1800 m
,
15 Nov 1987
,
Restrepo
&
Mondragon
405
(
CUVC
!,
PSO
!)
;
Ricaurte
, corregimiento
de Chucunés
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
1800 m
,
4 Aug 1992
,
Paz
375
(
CUVC
!,
PSO
!)
;
Ricaurte
,
Reserva Natural La Planada
,
1800 m
,
10 Oct 1994
,
Tupac
424
(
PSO
!)
;
Valle del Cauca
:
Cali
, km 18 carretera
Cali–Buenaventura
, km 4 vía a
Dapa
, corregimiento
La Elvira
,
1900 m
,
03°30’N
76°34’W
,
9 Oct 1994
,
Giraldo-Gensini
&
Agredo
481
(MO!)
.
ECUADOR
.
Carchi
:
Tulcán
,
Reserva Indígena Awá
,
Comunidad Guapi Alto
, parroquia
Chical
,
1800 m
,
01°2’N
78°14’W
,
15–28 June 1991
,
Rubio
et al. 1689
(MO!).
Esmeraldas
:
Pichincha
: km 72 carretera
Quito
a
la Concordia
vía
Nono
,
San José
de las
Minas
y
Puerto Quito
,
1460 m
,
7 Aug 1984
,
Dodson
et al. 15207
(MO!)
;
Canton San Lorenzo
,
Lita
to
El Cristal
road, on finca of
Dr. La Lama
,
13.5 km
S of Lita
,
1220–1350 m
,
00°49’N
78°26’W
,
2 Nov 1992
,
Luteyn
et al. 14724
(
NY
!)
;
Río Lita
, sector
El Cristal
,
1450 m
,
00.49N
78.26W
,
20 Aug 1989
,
Palacios
4357
(MO!)
;
Reserva Ecológica
Río Guajalito
,
1800–2200 m
,
00°13’S
78°48’W
,
18 Sep 1986
,
Zak
1225
(
JAUM
!)
.
FIGURE 1.
Illustration of
F. nebulosilvana
showing the prominent venation beneath the leaves. Based on
Benavides 10975
(PSO), drawn by N. Medina.
Discussion:
—
Ficus nebulosilvana
closely resembles
F. cuatrecasana
Dugand (1942: 36)
. Both
F.
nebulosilvana
and
F. cuatrecasana
present indumentum on the stipules, young branches, figs and leaves, but
F. nebulosilvana
is easily distinguished by its reduced number of secondary veins, lake of intersecondary parallel veins, and smaller leaves. Most of the specimens examined of
F. nebulosilvana
had been formerly determined as
F. brevibracteata
Burger (1973: 423)
by C.C. Berg, however
F. nebulosilvana
differs from
F. brevibracteata
in leaf shape and habitat (see
Table 1
). The Ecuadorian specimens
Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 9528, 9975
(CUVC!, MO!, BG, QCNE) are close to
F. nebulosilvana
in their leaf shape and habitat, but differ by their flattened venation and subpersistent stipules. Although the specimens
McPherson 13394
(COL!, HUA!, MO!) and
Barreto et al. 148
(MO!) are reported as vines, it is most likely that they are young stranglers rather than having a climbing habit.
F. nebulosilvana
may be distinguished from
F. cuatrecasana
and
F. brevibracteata
based on the characters listed in
Table 1
.