A revision of the Neotropical ant-like genus Cardiacephala Macquart, including Plocoscelus Enderlein syn. nov. (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae) Author Ferro, Gustavo Borges Author Marshall, Stephen A. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-06-07 4429 3 401 458 journal article 29933 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.1 249faa66-1f6a-44a0-b7f2-f12acaf62e5b 1175-5326 1285294 004C0DCB-9B63-4A44-A1BB-2D98ADFB1CEE 1 Wing dark with three round hyaline spots on apical third ( Fig. 40 ); discal band sometimes dark with up to four hyaline spots ( Fig. 84 )............................................................................................ 2 - Wing apex either entirely dark ( Fig. 86 ) or clear ( Fig. 103 ) or clear with a narrow preapical pigmentation ( Fig. 62 ) or three preapical black spots ( Figs. 35 , 43 , 74 ); discal band entirely dark................................................ 3 2 Paracephalon swollen and conical ( Fig. 40 ). Vertex flattened. Wing with discal band black, without hyaline spots............................ C. guttata (Walker) . Brazil , Colombia , French Guiana , Guiana , Surinam , Panama , Trinidad , Venezuela - Paracephalon without swelling ( Fig. 82 ). Vertex rounded. Wing with discal band dissected by four hyaline rounded spots................................................................................. C. secunda Hennig. Ecuador 3 Wing apex entirely clear ( Fig. 103 )..................................................... C. vitrata n. sp. Ecuador - Wing apex not as above, either entirely dark ( Fig. 86 ) or clear with a narrow preapical pigmentation ( Fig. 62 ) or three preapical black spots ( Figs. 35 , 43 , 74 )............................................................................ 4 4 Clypeus long, length more than half of width in frontal view ( Fig. 90 ). Fore tarsomeres 1–3 white (tarsomere one with brown pubescence basally), 4–5 covered with brown pubescence ( Figs. 28 , 92 ).......................................... 5 - Clypeus short, length less than half of width in frontal view. Fore tarsus not as above (either tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally ( Fig. 9 ) OR fore tarsomere one dark brown and 2–5 white ( Fig. 30 ) OR fore tarsomere one white and 2–5 dark brown ( Fig. 24 )).................................................................. 6 5 Thorax brown. Paired spermathecal duct splitting into two convoluted stems marked by several long finger-like process ( Fig. 91 ).............................................................................. C. spinosa n. sp. Brazil - Thorax black. Paired spermathecal duct splitting into two convoluted and broadened stems, without finger-like process ( Fig. 29 )......................................................................... C. camptomera (Bigot) . Brazil 6 Three frontal setae ( Fig. 4 ). Fore tarsomere one dark brown, tarsomeres 2–5 white.................................. 7 - Two frontal setae ( Fig. 14 ). Fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown................................................... 9 7 Scutellum upturned and peaked, slightly elongated at apex ( Fig. 4 )............ C. acuminata n. sp. Colombia , Costa Rica - Scutellum upturned and broadly triangular ( Figs. 30 , 86 )..................................................... 8 8 Paracephalon swollen, swelling rounded ( Fig. 30 ). Abdominal pleural membrane dark brown, sometimes with rusty red regions. Yellowish species...................... C. cinnameus (Hennig) . Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , French Guiana , Peru - Paracephalon smooth, without swelling. Abdominal pleural membrane black. Blackish species.............................................................................. C. setosa (Hennig) . Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru 9 Mid and hind tibiae flattened, sulcus on outer face strongly pronounced and curved ( Figs. 18 , 48 , 55 , 97 ). Blackish species...................................................................................................... 10 - Mid and hind tibiae slightly flattened, sulcus on outer face weak. Colour variable.................................. 13 10 Inner vertical setae insertions slightly protuberant ( Fig. 16 , 46 ). Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation................................................................................................ 11 - Inner vertical setae insertions flat. Wing apex darkened....................................................... 12 11 Paracephalon swollen ( Fig. 16 ). Paired spermathecae flat, disc-shaped...... C. aspera n. sp. Bolivia , Ecuador , Guiana , Peru - Paracephalon without swelling ( Fig. 46 ). Paired spermathecae spherical................................................................................................ C. lobulosa n. sp. Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru 12 Epicephalon black ( Fig. 55 ). Ejaculatory apodeme large, blade wider than sperm pump.......................................... C. nigra Schiner. Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Honduras , Mexico , Peru , Trinidad , Venezuela - Epicephalon velvet brown ( Fig. 97 ). Ejaculatory apodeme small, sperm pump wider than blade..... C. velutinosa n. sp. Peru 13 Mid and hind tibia bicoloured, basal half dark brown and apical half yellowish ( Fig. 59 ). Crossvein r-m clear, without dark spot........................................................................ C. peruana (Hennig) . Bolivia , Peru - Mid and hind tibia uniformly black, brown or yellowish. Crossvein r-m with small dark spot......................... 14 14 Paracephalon swollen ( Figs. 10 , 24 , 33 , 72 ) or slightly swollen ( Fig. 38 ), extending conically beyond the vertex........ 15 - Paracephalon without swelling, not extending conically beyond the vertex...................................... 19 15 Limits between paracephalon, epicephalon and vertex not distinguishable ( Fig. 38 ). Ocellar triangle displaced anteriorly (closer to anterior frons margin), vertex occupying more than half the length of the head.... C. erugata n. sp. Ecuador , Peru - Limits between paracephalon, epicephalon and vertex clearly distinguishable. Ocellar triangle centralized, vertex occupying no more than half the length of the head................................................................... 16 16 Inner vertical setae inserted in strong tubercles ( Fig. 33 ). A1+CuA2 less than half as long as CuA2............................................................................... C. conifera Hendel. Brazil , Colombia , Guiana , Paraguay - Inner vertical seta insertion flat, without tubercle. A1+CuA2 as long as CuA2..................................... 17 17 Female cervical sclerite with a small nipple-like swelling in posterior half. Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots ( Fig. 72 ). Black species...................................... C. podagrica Rondani. Bolivia , Brazil , Ecuador , Peru - Female cervical sclerite smooth, without nipple-like swelling in posterior half. Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation. Yellowish to brown species, sometimes slightly rusty red....................................... 18 18 Swelling on paracephalon pointing dorsally ( Fig. 9 ). Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally. Yellowish species............................................................ C. angularis n. sp. Peru - Swelling on paracephalon posteriorly pointed ( Figs. 24, 26 ). Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Brown, sometimes slightly rusty red species................... C. bulla n. sp. Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru 19 Vertex flattened, head depressed posteriorly ( Figs. 7 , 68 , 74 , 93 )................................................ 20 - Vertex rounded, head globose ( Figs. 14 , 43 , 50 , 53 , 64 , 78 , 80 , 99 )............................................. 24 20 Mid femur white in basal third. Black/dark brown species.................................................... 21 - Mid femur uniformly brown in basal third. Brown/yellowish species........................................... 22 21 Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots. Phallic bulb subequal in length and width, almost spherical ( Fig. 96 ).......... C. umbra n. sp. French Guiana , Tobago , Trinidad , Venezuela - Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally. Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation. Phallic bulb cylindrical, about three times as long as wide ( Fig. 23 ).......................................................... C. brevipennis (Walker) . Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , French Guiana , Peru , Venezuela 22 Epicephalon smooth, without wrinkles posterior to ocellar triangle ( Fig. 74 ). Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots....................... C. punctipennis (Macquart) . Brazil - Epicephalon wrinkled posterior to ocellar triangle ( Figs. 7 , 68 ). Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally. Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation............................... 23 23 Yellowish species. Paracephalon and epicephalon yellow ( Fig. 68 ). Paired spermathecae cylindrical and thin ( Fig. 67 ). Phallic bulb cylindrical, about three times as long as wide ( Fig. 69 ).................................................................................................. C. planivertex n. sp. Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , French Guiana , Peru - Brownish species, head and abdomen usually rusty red. Paracephalon and epicephalon darkened ( Figs. 5, 7 ). Paired spermathecae sac-like, tapered basally and apically swollen ( Fig. 6 ). Phallic bulb subequal in length and width, almost spherical ( Fig. 8 )............................................................................. C. aeruginosa n. sp. Ecuador 24 Inner vertical setae insertions with strong tubercles ( Fig. 50 )................ C. modesta (Cresson) . Colombia , Guatemala - Inner vertical setae insertions flat, without tubercles........................................................ 25 25 Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown................................................... 26 - Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally..................................... 27 26 Vertex brownish anterior to postocellar setae. Mid femur uniformly brown in basal third. Thorax brown....................................................................................... C. rotunda n. sp. Colombia , Costa Rica - Vertex with a rounded black spot anterior to postocellar setae ( Fig. 53 ). Mid femur white in basal third. Thorax dark brown with blue metallic shine...................................................... C. nicaraguensis n. sp. Nicaragua 27 Female cervical sclerite slightly swollen posteriorly. Mid and hind femur white basally, apical third with an angled whitish yellow ring ( Figs. 62, 64 ).......................................... C. picina (Cresson) . Costa Rica , Ecuador , Panama - Female cervical sclerite flat, without posterior swelling. Mid and hind femur with basal and apical third brown or yellow. 28 28 R4+5 and M1+2 ending separately in wing margin. Paired spermathecae cylindrical and strongly curved in middle ( Fig. 100 )............................................................................. C. venezuelensis n. sp. Venezuela - R4+5 and M1+2 meeting at wing margin. Paired spermathecae spherical or sac-like (tapered basally and distally swollen).... 29 29 Epicephalon smooth and shiny, not depressed anterior to postocellar setae ( Fig. 14 ). Yellowish species, sometimes with abdomen darkened at least on T4–T6.......................................................................................... C. arthritica (Wiedemann) . Belize , Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Honduras , Mexico , Panama , Venezuela - Epicephalon somewhat wrinkled and depressed before postocellar setae ( Figs. 43 , 80 ). Brownish/ferruginous species with darkened regions on mesonotum and katepisternum........................................................ 30 30 Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots. Paired spermathecal duct stems with a preapical rounded swelling ( Fig. 44 ).................................... C. harenosa (Cresson) . Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Guiana , Mexico , Panama - Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical band. Paired spermathecal duct stems very narrow in basal third, then expanded and convoluted ( Fig. 81 )............................................... C. schildi (Cresson) . Costa Rica