A revision of the Neotropical ant-like genus Cardiacephala Macquart, including Plocoscelus Enderlein syn. nov. (Diptera: Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae)
Author
Ferro, Gustavo Borges
Author
Marshall, Stephen A.
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-06-07
4429
3
401
458
journal article
29933
10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.1
249faa66-1f6a-44a0-b7f2-f12acaf62e5b
1175-5326
1285294
004C0DCB-9B63-4A44-A1BB-2D98ADFB1CEE
1 Wing dark with three round hyaline spots on apical third (
Fig. 40
); discal band sometimes dark with up to four hyaline spots (
Fig. 84
)............................................................................................ 2
- Wing apex either entirely dark (
Fig. 86
) or clear (
Fig. 103
) or clear with a narrow preapical pigmentation (
Fig. 62
) or three preapical black spots (
Figs. 35
,
43
,
74
); discal band entirely dark................................................ 3
2 Paracephalon swollen and conical (
Fig. 40
). Vertex flattened. Wing with discal band black, without hyaline spots............................
C. guttata
(Walker)
.
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
French Guiana
,
Guiana
,
Surinam
,
Panama
,
Trinidad
,
Venezuela
- Paracephalon without swelling (
Fig. 82
). Vertex rounded. Wing with discal band dissected by four hyaline rounded spots.................................................................................
C. secunda
Hennig.
Ecuador
3 Wing apex entirely clear (
Fig. 103
).....................................................
C. vitrata
n. sp.
Ecuador
-
Wing apex not as above, either entirely dark (
Fig. 86
) or clear with a narrow preapical pigmentation (
Fig. 62
) or three preapical black spots (
Figs. 35
,
43
,
74
)............................................................................ 4
4 Clypeus long, length more than half of width in frontal view (
Fig. 90
). Fore tarsomeres 1–3 white (tarsomere one with brown pubescence basally), 4–5 covered with brown pubescence (
Figs. 28
,
92
).......................................... 5
- Clypeus short, length less than half of width in frontal view. Fore tarsus not as above (either tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally (
Fig. 9
) OR fore tarsomere one dark brown and 2–5 white (
Fig. 30
) OR fore tarsomere one white and 2–5 dark brown (
Fig. 24
)).................................................................. 6
5 Thorax brown. Paired spermathecal duct splitting into two convoluted stems marked by several long finger-like process (
Fig. 91
)..............................................................................
C. spinosa
n. sp.
Brazil
- Thorax black. Paired spermathecal duct splitting into two convoluted and broadened stems, without finger-like process (
Fig. 29
).........................................................................
C. camptomera
(Bigot)
.
Brazil
6 Three frontal setae (
Fig. 4
). Fore tarsomere one dark brown, tarsomeres 2–5 white.................................. 7
- Two frontal setae (
Fig. 14
). Fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown................................................... 9
7 Scutellum upturned and peaked, slightly elongated at apex (
Fig. 4
)............
C. acuminata
n. sp.
Colombia
,
Costa Rica
- Scutellum upturned and broadly triangular (
Figs. 30
,
86
)..................................................... 8
8 Paracephalon swollen, swelling rounded (
Fig. 30
). Abdominal pleural membrane dark brown, sometimes with rusty red regions. Yellowish species......................
C. cinnameus
(Hennig)
.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
French Guiana
,
Peru
- Paracephalon smooth, without swelling. Abdominal pleural membrane black. Blackish species..............................................................................
C. setosa
(Hennig)
.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Ecuador
,
Peru
9 Mid and hind tibiae flattened, sulcus on outer face strongly pronounced and curved (
Figs. 18
,
48
,
55
,
97
). Blackish species...................................................................................................... 10
- Mid and hind tibiae slightly flattened, sulcus on outer face weak. Colour variable.................................. 13
10 Inner vertical setae insertions slightly protuberant (
Fig. 16
,
46
). Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation................................................................................................ 11
- Inner vertical setae insertions flat. Wing apex darkened....................................................... 12
11 Paracephalon swollen (
Fig. 16
). Paired spermathecae flat, disc-shaped......
C. aspera
n. sp.
Bolivia
,
Ecuador
,
Guiana
,
Peru
- Paracephalon without swelling (
Fig. 46
). Paired spermathecae spherical................................................................................................
C. lobulosa
n. sp.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Ecuador
,
Peru
12 Epicephalon black (
Fig. 55
). Ejaculatory apodeme large, blade wider than sperm pump..........................................
C. nigra
Schiner.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Costa Rica
,
Ecuador
,
Honduras
,
Mexico
,
Peru
,
Trinidad
,
Venezuela
- Epicephalon velvet brown (
Fig. 97
). Ejaculatory apodeme small, sperm pump wider than blade.....
C. velutinosa
n. sp.
Peru
13 Mid and hind tibia bicoloured, basal half dark brown and apical half yellowish (
Fig. 59
). Crossvein r-m clear, without dark spot........................................................................
C. peruana
(Hennig)
.
Bolivia
,
Peru
- Mid and hind tibia uniformly black, brown or yellowish. Crossvein r-m with small dark spot......................... 14
14 Paracephalon swollen (
Figs. 10
,
24
,
33
,
72
) or slightly swollen (
Fig. 38
), extending conically beyond the vertex........ 15
- Paracephalon without swelling, not extending conically beyond the vertex...................................... 19
15 Limits between paracephalon, epicephalon and vertex not distinguishable (
Fig. 38
). Ocellar triangle displaced anteriorly (closer to anterior frons margin), vertex occupying more than half the length of the head....
C. erugata
n. sp.
Ecuador
,
Peru
- Limits between paracephalon, epicephalon and vertex clearly distinguishable. Ocellar triangle centralized, vertex occupying no more than half the length of the head................................................................... 16
16 Inner vertical setae inserted in strong tubercles (
Fig. 33
). A1+CuA2 less than half as long as CuA2...............................................................................
C. conifera
Hendel.
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Guiana
,
Paraguay
- Inner vertical seta insertion flat, without tubercle. A1+CuA2 as long as CuA2..................................... 17
17 Female
cervical sclerite with a small nipple-like swelling in posterior half. Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots (
Fig. 72
). Black species......................................
C. podagrica
Rondani.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Ecuador
,
Peru
- Female cervical sclerite smooth, without nipple-like swelling in posterior half. Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation. Yellowish to brown species, sometimes slightly rusty red....................................... 18
18 Swelling on paracephalon pointing dorsally (
Fig. 9
). Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally. Yellowish species............................................................
C. angularis
n. sp.
Peru
- Swelling on paracephalon posteriorly pointed (
Figs. 24, 26
). Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Brown, sometimes slightly rusty red species...................
C. bulla
n. sp.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Ecuador
,
Peru
19 Vertex flattened, head depressed posteriorly (
Figs. 7
,
68
,
74
,
93
)................................................ 20
- Vertex rounded, head globose (
Figs. 14
,
43
,
50
,
53
,
64
,
78
,
80
,
99
)............................................. 24
20 Mid femur white in basal third. Black/dark brown species.................................................... 21
- Mid femur uniformly brown in basal third. Brown/yellowish species........................................... 22
21 Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots. Phallic bulb subequal in length and width, almost spherical (
Fig. 96
)..........
C. umbra
n. sp.
French Guiana
,
Tobago
,
Trinidad
,
Venezuela
- Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally. Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation. Phallic bulb cylindrical, about three times as long as wide (
Fig. 23
)..........................................................
C. brevipennis
(Walker)
.
Bolivia
,
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Ecuador
,
French Guiana
,
Peru
,
Venezuela
22 Epicephalon smooth, without wrinkles posterior to ocellar triangle (
Fig. 74
). Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown. Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots.......................
C. punctipennis
(Macquart)
.
Brazil
- Epicephalon wrinkled posterior to ocellar triangle (
Figs. 7
,
68
). Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally. Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical pigmentation............................... 23
23 Yellowish species. Paracephalon and epicephalon yellow (
Fig. 68
). Paired spermathecae cylindrical and thin (
Fig. 67
). Phallic bulb cylindrical, about three times as long as wide (
Fig. 69
)..................................................................................................
C. planivertex
n. sp.
Brazil
,
Colombia
,
Ecuador
,
French Guiana
,
Peru
- Brownish species, head and abdomen usually rusty red. Paracephalon and epicephalon darkened (
Figs. 5, 7
). Paired spermathecae sac-like, tapered basally and apically swollen (
Fig. 6
). Phallic bulb subequal in length and width, almost spherical (
Fig. 8
).............................................................................
C. aeruginosa
n. sp.
Ecuador
24 Inner vertical setae insertions with strong tubercles (
Fig. 50
)................
C. modesta
(Cresson)
.
Colombia
,
Guatemala
- Inner vertical setae insertions flat, without tubercles........................................................ 25
25 Fore tarsomere one white, fore tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown................................................... 26
- Fore tarsomere one dark brown with gold/whitish ventral pubescence basally..................................... 27
26 Vertex brownish anterior to postocellar setae. Mid femur uniformly brown in basal third. Thorax brown.......................................................................................
C. rotunda
n. sp.
Colombia
,
Costa Rica
- Vertex with a rounded black spot anterior to postocellar setae (
Fig. 53
). Mid femur white in basal third. Thorax dark brown with blue metallic shine......................................................
C. nicaraguensis
n. sp.
Nicaragua
27 Female
cervical sclerite slightly swollen posteriorly. Mid and hind femur white basally, apical third with an angled whitish yellow ring (
Figs. 62, 64
)..........................................
C. picina
(Cresson)
.
Costa Rica
,
Ecuador
,
Panama
- Female cervical sclerite flat, without posterior swelling. Mid and hind femur with basal and apical third brown or yellow. 28
28 R4+5 and M1+2 ending separately in wing margin. Paired spermathecae cylindrical and strongly curved in middle (
Fig. 100
).............................................................................
C. venezuelensis
n. sp.
Venezuela
- R4+5 and M1+2 meeting at wing margin. Paired spermathecae spherical or sac-like (tapered basally and distally swollen).... 29
29 Epicephalon smooth and shiny, not depressed anterior to postocellar setae (
Fig. 14
). Yellowish species, sometimes with abdomen darkened at least on T4–T6..........................................................................................
C. arthritica
(Wiedemann)
.
Belize
,
Colombia
,
Costa Rica
,
Ecuador
,
Honduras
,
Mexico
,
Panama
,
Venezuela
- Epicephalon somewhat wrinkled and depressed before postocellar setae (
Figs. 43
,
80
). Brownish/ferruginous species with darkened regions on mesonotum and katepisternum........................................................ 30
30 Wing apex clear with three preapical black spots. Paired spermathecal duct stems with a preapical rounded swelling (
Fig. 44
)....................................
C. harenosa
(Cresson)
.
Colombia
,
Costa Rica
,
Ecuador
,
Guiana
,
Mexico
,
Panama
- Wing apex clear with a dark and narrow preapical band. Paired spermathecal duct stems very narrow in basal third, then expanded and convoluted (
Fig. 81
)...............................................
C. schildi
(Cresson)
.
Costa Rica