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<mods:title id="7BE408971DC5A360652A338182893BA0">The Diptera of Panama. II. A first benchmark for the family Chironomidae</mods:title>
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Genus 
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Roback, 1980
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A genus of ~15 species that occur in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Palaearctic, and the Australasian regions. Ten species are known from South America (
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; 
<bibRefCitation id="F03C01E36E30FF9DFC962136FBBCA12F" author="Andersen, T. &amp; Donato, M. &amp; Hagenlund, L. K. &amp; Mauad, M. &amp; Mendes, H. F." box="[848,1087,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="167 - 183" refId="ref18329" refString="Andersen, T., Donato, M., Hagenlund, L. K., Mauad, M. &amp; Mendes, H. F. (2018) A review of Neotropical Axarus, with the description of five new species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 53 (3), 167-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2018.1447337" type="journal article" year="2018">
Andersen 
<emphasis id="A6D9A0006E30FF9DFC052131FC7FA12F" box="[963,1020,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F03C01E36E30FF9DFB8D2136FA91A12F" author="Pinho, L. C. &amp; Dantas, G. P. S. &amp; Hamada, N." box="[1099,1298,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="535 - 542" refId="ref24201" refString="Pinho, L. C., Dantas, G. P. S. &amp; Hamada, N. (2019) Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of Neotropical Aedokritus Roback and Axarus Roback (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Zootaxa, 4668 (4), 535-542. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4668.4.6" type="journal article" year="2019">
Pinho 
<emphasis id="A6D9A0006E30FF9DFB522131FB4EA12F" box="[1172,1229,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The larvae occur in littoral to sublittoral soft sediments in lakes and rivers (
<bibRefCitation id="F03C01E36E30FF9DFCA52152FBA6A173" author="Epler, J. H. &amp; Ekrem, T. &amp; Cranston, P. S." box="[867,1061,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="207" pagination="387 - 556" refId="ref21725" refString="Epler, J. H., Ekrem, T. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (2013) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P. S. &amp; Epler, J. H. (Eds.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region: Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Insect Systematics and Evolution, Supplement 66, pp. 387-556." type="journal article" year="2013">
Epler 
<emphasis id="A6D9A0006E30FF9DFC6F215DFC62A173" box="[937,993,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
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