Anthracotheres from Wadi Moghra, early Miocene, Egypt
Author
Miller, Ellen R.
Author
Gunnell, Gregg F.
Author
Gawad, Mohammad Abdel
Author
Hamdan, Mohamad
Author
El-Barkooky, Ahmed N.
Author
Clementz, Mark T.
Author
Hassan, Safiya M.
text
Journal of Paleontology
1914
88
5
967
981
http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1666/13-122
journal article
10.1666/13-122
Brachyodus mogharensis Pickford, 1991
Type.-M 15020, right maxilla P1-M3 (Fig. 2B) (also figured in Pickford, 1991 pl. 1, fig.1).
Figure
2-1, Brachyodus depereti, type dentary (CGM 30798) in occlusal view; 2, maxilla of Brachyodus mogharensis in occlusal view, M 15020, holotype; 3, maxilla of Brachyodus depereti, M 11067, in occlusal view. Scale bars=10 cm.
Table
1-Wadi Moghra anthracothere mandibular measurements in millimeters. Abbreviations: L=length; W^width; *=type specimen;
A
=from Andrews, 1899; ()=estimate.
Taxon |
Specimen |
p1 |
- |
- |
p
2
|
- |
p
3
|
- |
p4 |
- |
m1 |
m2 |
m3 |
L |
W |
L |
W |
L |
W |
L |
W |
L |
W |
L |
W |
L |
W |
B. depereti |
CGM 30798* |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
31.25 |
19.08 |
32.18 |
(26.08) |
37.67 |
32.33 |
59.33 |
34.54 |
- |
CGM 30762
a
|
- |
- |
22 |
13 |
- |
- |
27 |
17 |
25 |
17 |
36 |
24 |
51 |
25 |
- |
CGM 30797 |
- |
- |
28.4 |
18.63 |
- |
- |
32 |
23.79 |
39.53 |
28.41 |
44.72 |
31.85 |
- |
- |
- |
CGM 30880 |
- |
- |
26.4 |
17.17 |
27.62 |
20.89 |
32.54 |
23.64 |
37.73 |
26.48 |
43.84 |
29.86 |
58.73 |
31.61 |
- |
CGM 73660 |
13.62 |
8.62 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
CGM no# |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
52.3 |
24.35 |
- |
CUWM 82 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
51.96 |
27.49 |
- |
DPC 2518 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
35.17 |
24.39 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4421 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
33.53 |
22.24 |
37.92 |
25.85 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4426 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
34.57 |
23.38 |
42.94 |
29.91 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4438 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
35.93 |
23.9 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4586 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
28.63 |
20.62 |
28.92 |
21.75 |
39.93 |
28.82 |
54.83 |
29.4 |
- |
DPC 6440 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
42.9 |
29.05 |
51.71 |
29.94 |
- |
DPC 6620 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
38.45 |
31.04 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 7501 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
49.08 |
25.65 |
- |
DPC 7746 |
- |
- |
24.51 |
15.06 |
24.44 |
16.84 |
26.04 |
18.67 |
33.71 |
22.12 |
39.14 |
28.02 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 8965 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
35.83 |
25.9 |
53.84 |
29.23 |
- |
DPC 9028 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
31.26 |
22.48 |
35.74 |
25.18 |
51.19 |
26.02 |
- |
DPC 12553 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
29.52 |
18.09 |
31.14 |
23.33 |
35.01 |
27.67 |
54.93 |
25.73 |
- |
DPC 17681 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
35.71 |
27.78 |
51.62 |
29.04 |
- |
DPC 17697 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
35.87 |
25.28 |
41.09 |
28.26 |
- |
- |
S. moneyi
|
CGM 20780* |
- |
- |
- |
- |
14.6 |
7.9 |
14.21 |
8.8 |
14.37 |
10.77 |
19.1 |
12.12 |
28.44 |
13.1 |
- |
CGM 30781 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
13.62 |
7.46 |
13.36 |
8.95 |
16.34 |
9.87 |
20.28 |
14.48 |
- |
- |
- |
CGM 30779 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
28.52 |
12.84 |
- |
CGM 73692 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
18.66 |
11.82 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4067 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
19.26 |
11.12 |
29.75 |
12.35 |
- |
DPC 4425 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
14.02 |
7.7 |
13.8 |
8.69 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4452 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
20.95 |
11.57 |
29.62 |
13.76 |
- |
DPC 5973 |
9.4 |
6.04 |
12.49 |
6.25 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 7281 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
22.45 |
13.85 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 8972 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12.86 |
8.78 |
14.12 |
9.38 |
- |
- |
19.46 |
11.39 |
26.02 |
12.74 |
- |
DPC 12546 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
18.56 |
12.13 |
27.69 |
13.05 |
- |
DPC 12547 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
13.61 |
8.72 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 12605 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
13.69 |
8.56 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
21.54 |
12.07 |
- |
DPC 12608 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
18.51 |
10.37 |
27.4 |
11.82 |
- |
DPC 12609 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
13.68 |
9.34 |
- |
- |
19.65 |
12.29 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 12610 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
12.73 |
7.96 |
13.88 |
9.01 |
15.17 |
10.47 |
19.02 |
12.23 |
29.46 |
12.55 |
- |
DPC 12940 |
- |
- |
11.05 |
5.49 |
- |
- |
13.79 |
8.17 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 14547 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
29.67 |
14.03 |
- |
DPC 14559 |
8.96 |
5.58 |
11.71 |
5.4 |
12.3 |
6.68 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 17680 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
13.59 |
9.08 |
13.64 |
10.8 |
18.84 |
12.17 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 17682 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
14.97 |
9.27 |
20.09 |
12.8 |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 17742 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
15.03 |
9.82 |
18.78 |
12.23 |
28.43 |
13.37 |
A. grex
|
M 15021* |
- |
- |
15.76 |
11.2 |
18.45 |
13.11 |
21.38 |
14.82 |
- |
- |
30.86 |
20.71 |
44.12 |
- |
A. palustris
|
CGM 83571* |
- |
- |
24.01 |
15.48 |
27.64 |
17.77 |
31.8 |
(20.08) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 2542 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
25.75 |
17.78 |
20.53 |
32.2 |
23.27 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4244 |
- |
- |
20.42 |
14.71 |
25.45 |
16.68 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
DPC 4604 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
27.2 |
18.85 |
28.47 |
20.45 |
34.26 |
25.35 |
49.12 |
26.15 |
J. naida
|
CGM 30775 |
- |
- |
21.72 |
12.92 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
CGM 2499 |
- |
- |
17.1 |
(11.58) |
23.58 |
(14.48) |
- |
15.41 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Diagnosis.-Smaller than B. depereti, similar in size to Brachyodus
aequatorialis
; differs from
B. aequatorialis
in having smaller upper premolars, more distinct barrels on the buccal cusps of upper molars, more strongly developed buccal cingula on the upper premolars and molars; infraorbital foramen opens superior to P4, length of the molar tooth row about 114 mm (after Pickford, 1991).
Occurrence.-Early Miocene, Wadi Moghra, Egypt.
Remarks.-The type specimen of Brachyodus mogharensis is a maxilla in which the upper molar metaconules lack an anterolingual crest, there are continuous cingula around P2-4, the lingual portion of which is particularly sharp-edged and beaded, P4 has a single lingual cusp and a strong barrel on the buccal aspect of the tooth. Brachyodus mogharensis differs from B. depereti by its smaller size (Table 1, Fig. 2B, 2C).
Brachyodus mogharensis is known from a single maxillary specimen. When the taxon was described (Pickford, 1991), the holotype maxilla was accompanied by a hypodigm comprised of five unnumbered mandibular specimens in various stages of wear. One of these specimens (CGM 30775, figured in Fourtau, 1920, fig. 31), has been moved to a new taxon (see below), and the remaining specimens could not be clearly distinguished from Brachyodus depereti and so have been assigned to that species. Field work at Moghra in recent years has not yielded any additional specimens clearly attributable to
B. mogharensis
.