Revision of the Nearctic species of Callomyia Meigen (Diptera: Platypezidae) and phylogeny of the genus
Author
Cumming, Heather J.
Author
Wheeler, Terry A.
text
Zootaxa
2016
4111
5
501
554
journal article
39045
10.11646/zootaxa.4111.5.1
f2fdf092-482f-4229-aeab-81e984da3a5c
1175-5326
271478
1286E111-8C60-47AB-B2A2-36D3BFB6CA3F
Callomyia velutina
Johnson
(
Figs 13
,
23
,
31
,
39
,
45
,
50, 52
,
63, 68
,
76
)
Callomyia velutina
Johnson, 1916
: 32
.
Type
locality: Mt. Washington, New Hampshire,
USA
.
Diagnosis
. This apparently disjunct eastern and western Nearctic species is characterized by its abdominal colour patterns and male terminalia with a molar-like surstylus, apically rounded postgonite, and trifid hypandrial process. The female of
C
.
velutina
is very similar to the widespread Nearctic species
C
.
venusta
because of its similar thoracic and abdominal colour patterns, but differs by an extra presutural intra-alar seta on the scutum and a silverblue marking on tergite 5 that is interrupted by a median dorsal dark band (versus tergite 5 entirely silver-blue). The male of this species is similar to
C
.
proxima
from eastern and western North
America
, but differs by its lateral silver-grey dusting on abdominal tergites 1 and 2 (versus more distinct posterolateral to posteroventral silver-grey markings only on tergites 3 and 4) and terminalia with a molar-like surstylus and trifid hypandrial process (versus bifid surstylus and bifid hypandrial process).
Callomyia velutina
has male terminalia that are most similar to the Nearctic species
C
.
argentea
and
C
.
venusta
, but its terminalia differ primarily from these species by an apically rounded (versus apically truncate) postgonite.
Description
.
Male
(
Figs 13
,
23
). Body length
3.6–4.5 mm
; wing length 3.65–4.0 mm. Head silver-grey with coppery reflections on gena and postgena; mouthparts brownish-yellow to light brown with palpus brown; antenna with scape, pedicel, first flagellomere and arista brown. Antenna with first flagellomere short-oval (as in
Fig. 41
).
Thorax mainly dark brown to black with indistinct silver-grey dusting on notopleuron, supra-alar area of scutum, posterior portion of postsutural scutum and postalar callus; propleuron, mesopleuron, metapleuron, mediotergite and laterotergite silver-grey; postpronotal lobe yellowish-brown posteroventrally. Scutum with 6 notopleural setae.
Legs brown, hind leg darker with tibia and tarsomeres dark brown; apex of femur and base of tibiae brownishyellow; coxae silver-grey dusted in most specimens. Mid tibia with median anterodorsal seta absent, median dorsal seta present (
Fig. 50
); base of hind femur with long thin posteroventral seta (as in
Fig. 54
).
Hind
tarsomere 1 slightly expanded, subequal to apical width of hind tibia, length approximately 2.5X width.
Wing hyaline with cell sc faintly yellow. Halter with stem brown; knob orange, yellow in some specimens.
Abdomen mainly dark brown to black with lateral silver-grey dusting on tergites 1 and 2; ventrolateral silvergrey dusting on tergites 3 and
4 in
some specimens; tergite 7 entirely silver-grey dusted; sternites light brown, sternite 8 brown to grey.
Terminalia (
Figs 63, 68
) brown to grey, surstylus darker; hypandrial process and cercus brownish-yellow. Epandrium with short tooth-like ventral lobe, pointed at apex, slightly anteriorly directed; apical process short to moderately long, pointed at apex. Surstylus molar-like, with 2 large cusps moderately excavated in between; dorsal outer cusp broadly rounded in lateral view; ventral inner cusp slightly pointed in lateral view, narrowly truncate and minutely serrate medially in posterior view (
Fig. 68
). Hypandrium with moderately long apical process; process trifid, with 2 short apical projections and short stout rounded basoventral lobe. Postgonite long and moderately wide, rounded at apex.
Phallus
with sharp extended hook at apex. Cercus short.
Female
(
Figs 31
,
39
). Body length
3.3–4.25 mm
; wing length
2.95–4.2 mm
. Head silver-blue with occiput silver-grey to silver-brown; mouthparts including palpus pale yellow to brownish-yellow; antenna with scape and pedicel brown, pale yellow apically, first flagellomere and arista entirely brown. Antenna with first flagellomere short-oval (as in
Fig. 43
).
Thorax mainly black to velvety black with silver-blue markings on postpronotal lobe, entire lateral portion of presutural scutum, notopleuron, most of postsutural scutum and postalar callus; propleuron, mesopleuron, metapleuron, mediotergite and laterotergite silver-blue dusted; postpronotal lobe posteroventrally, supra-alar area of scutum, postalar callus anteriorly and anepimeron pale yellow to yellowish-brown. Scutum with 2–3 presutural intra-alar setae, usually 3 at least on one side (
Fig. 45
).
Fore leg and mid leg pale yellow to yellowish brown with tarsomeres 3–5 brown; hind leg darker with apex of femur, tibia and tarsomeres dark brown; coxae silver-blue dusted in most specimens. Mid tibia with short median dorsal seta present in most specimens (
Fig. 52
).
Wing hyaline with cell sc bluish-white in some specimens. Halter yellow.
Abdomen dark brown to black with tergites 1–3 yellow; lateral silver-white markings or dusting on tergites 1 and 2; tergite 4 dark brown to black, brownish-yellow in a few specimens; tergite 5 silver-blue, interrupted by median dorsal dark band (partially interrupted in some specimens); sternites white to light brown.
Terminalia with segment 8 and epiproct yellowish-brown to brown, silver-grey dusted; hypoproct and cercus yellow to brownish-yellow.
Type
material
.
HOLOTYPE
, ♂ labelled: “Mt Washington/ Betw. 1 &
2 m
[hand written] N H [New Hampshire]/ VII.24.1915 [hand written]; “
HOLOTYPE
/ No. [red label]; “C.W. Johnson/ Collector; “MCZ-ENT/ 0 0 304204 (
MCZ
).
PARATYPES
:
USA
: MASSACHUSETTS:
Chester,
5.viii.1914
, C.W. Johnson (
1 ♂
,
MCZ
) (
paratype
of
C. velutina
, but conspecific with
C
.
proxima
—see “Remarks);
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
:
Bretton Woods,
28.vi.1913
, C.W. Johnson (
1 ♂
,
MCZ
); Mount Washington,
6.vii.1914
, C.W. Johnson (
1 ♂
,
MCZ
), same except betw. 1 &
2 mile
,
24.vii.1915
(
1 ♂
,
MCZ
) (both
paratypes
of
C. velutina
, but conspecific with
C
.
proxima
—see “Remarks); Mount Washington, Raymond Path,
8.vii.1914
, C.W. Johnson (
1 ♂
,
MCZ
); Mount Washington, Raymond Path,
28.vii.1915
, C.W. Johnson (
1 ♂
,
MCZ
) (
paratype
of
C. velutina
, but conspecific with
C
.
proxima
— see Remarks).
FIGURE 76.
Known distribution of
C
.
velutina
.
Additional material examined
.
CANADA
: ALBERTA:
Bilby,
1.vii.1924
,
O
. Bryant (
1 ♂
,
USNM
); Fort Vermilion,
23.viii.1961
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
); Little Smokey River and Highway 43,
11.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
);
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
:
Cultus Lake Provincial Park,
6.ix.1960
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CNC
); Kleanza Creek Province Camp Ground, Highway 16,
31.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Kleanza Creek,
12 mi
. E. of Terrace,
14.viii.1965
, E.L. Kessel (2 ♀,
3 ♂
,
CAS
); Liard Hot Springs,
14.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
), same except
26.vii.1962
(1 ♀,
CAS
); Liard Hot Springs, Mile Post 496 Alaska Highway, 1500’,
9-10.vii.1959
, R.E. Leech (
1 ♂
,
CNC
), same except
2.ix.1957
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Liard River,
8.viii.1959
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
); Mile Post 104, Alaska Highway,
5.viii.1957
, E.L. Kessel (3 ♀,
5 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
5.viii.1959
(
2 ♂
,
CAS
); Mile Post 236, Alaska Highway,
13.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Mile Post 305, Alaska Highway,
6.viii.1957
, E.L. Kessel (2 ♀,
CAS
), same except
6.viii.1959
(3 ♀,
CAS
); Mount Thornhill near Terrace,
29.vii.1960
, W.R. Richards (1 ♀,
CNC
); Prince Rupert,
1.viii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Smithers, Highway 16,
30.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Vancouver,
13.ix.1932
, H.B. Leech (1 ♀,
CNC
);
NOVA
SCOTIA
:
CBHNt. Pk. North Mt. PG765864,
1.vii.1984
, dry spruce birch forest, H.J. Teskey,
CNC
DIPTERA
192200 (1 ♀,
CNC
);
ONTARIO:
Algonquin Provincial Park, Swan Lake Research Stn., Scott Lake, south end wet Hemlock Zone,
15.vi.1995
, S.A.
Marshall
, JSS19226 (
1 ♂
,
DEBU
); Thunder Bay Distr., Pukaskwa N.P., Coastal Trail Playter Harbour, White River, sweep,
21.vii.2001
, M. Buck, JSS25814 (1 ♀,
DEBU
);
YUKON
TERRITORY:
Dawson City,
18.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (3 ♀,
4 ♂
,
CAS
;
1 ♂
,
CNC
); Mile Post 102, Klondike Highway,
18.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (4 ♀,
5 ♂
,
CAS
;
1 ♂
,
CNC
);
USA
: ALASKA:
Anchorage,
19.vii.1921
, J.M. Aldrich (
2 ♂
,
USNM
), same except
20.vii.1921
(
1 ♂
,
USNM
), same except
21.vii.1921
(2 ♀,
1 ♂
,
USNM
); Chatanika River Camp Ground,
21.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
2 ♂
,
CAS
); Chickaloon River and Glenn Highway,
30.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
8 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
1.vii.1962
(
4 ♂
,
CAS
);
20 mi
. W. of Circle City,
23.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Clearwater, Alcan Camp Ground,
19.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
); Haines,
11.viii.1959
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
); Johnson Lake,
16 mi
. S. of Soldatna,
5.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
); King Salmon,
viii.1960
, M.R. Wheeler & L. Throckmorton (1 ♀,
CAS
);
4 mi
. S. of Livengood,
26.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
27.vi.1962
(1 ♀,
4 ♂
,
CAS
); Matanuska River Camp Ground,
1.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
2 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
10.vii.1962
(
2 ♂
,
CAS
); Mile Post 90, 5 mi. E. of Soldatna,
5.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Mile Post 44 on Sterling Highway,
2.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (2 ♀,
2 ♂
,
CAS
); Mile Post 1231, E. Tetlin Junction, Alaska Highway,
14.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (3 ♀,
CAS
); Moon Lake, Alaska Hwy. DC-1331,
8.vii.1978
, P.H. Arnaud Jr. (1 ♀,
CAS
); Moose Creek Camp Ground,
1.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
); Peters Creek Camp Ground,
1.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
CAS
); Richardson Highway,
21 mi
. N. of Delta Junction,
29.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
11 ♂
,
CAS
); same except
27 miles
N. of Delta Junction (9 ♀,
CAS
); Salcha River Camp Ground,
20.vi.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
5 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
29.vi.1962
(1 ♀,
10 ♂
,
CAS
); Shaw Creek,
289 mi
. Rich Highway,
11.vii.1951
, Mason and McGillis (1 ♀,
1 ♂
,
CNC
); Soldatna,
5.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
);
16 mi
. S. of Soldatna,
3.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
5 ♂
,
CAS
); Spenard,
25.viii.1957
, E.L. Kessel (
1 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
16.viii.1959
(
1 ♂
,
CAS
), same except
17.viii.1959
(3 ♀,
CAS
), same except
7.vii.1962
(
1 ♂
,
CAS
);
9 mi
. E. Valdez,
11.vii.1962
, E.L. Kessel (1 ♀,
1 ♂
,
CAS
); same except
12.vii.1962
(2 ♀,
5 ♂
,
CAS
);
CALIFORNIA:
Eldorado County, Fallen Leaf,
13.vii.1961
, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♀,
CNC
); Placer County, Sagehen,
22-24.vi.1985
, Malaise trap,
ROM
859999,
CNC
Diptera
96410 (1 ♀,
CNC
);
NEVADA:
Ormsby County,
1 mi
. E. Lake Tahoe,
20.vii.1950
, C.P. Alexander (1 ♀,
CAS
);
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
:
Franconia, collection of Mrs. A.T. Slosson (1 ♀,
AMNH
; 1 ♀,
USNM
);
NEW
YORK
:
Adirondacks, Avalanche Trail,
30.vii.1929
, A.L. Melander (1 ♀,
USNM
).
Geographical distribution and seasonal occurrence
(
Fig. 76
).
Callomyia velutina
is currently distributed in both western North
America
(Alaska, Yukon Territory, British
Columbia
, Alberta, California and Nevada) and eastern North
America
(Ontario, Nova
Scotia
, New York and New Hampshire). Adults have been collected from early June to early September.
Remarks
. The female of
C
.
velutina
is very similar to that of the widespread Palaearctic species
C
.
amoena
, particularly in thoracic and abdominal colour patterns. However, the males of these two species differ in features of the terminalia, as well as in abdominal colour pattern.
One male specimen of this species yielded a barcode (JSS19226) as did two female specimens, initially identified as
C
.
venusta
(CNC
DIPTERA
192200 and JSS25814) (
Table 1
). Until now, the female of
C
.
velutina
was unknown and was hidden within females of
C
.
venusta
. Barcode data initially revealed these cryptic females of
C
.
velutina
because they clustered with the
C
.
velutina
male (<2% genetic divergence) in the Neighbour-joining tree (
Fig. 78
). Upon further inspection, subtle morphological differences were found that distinguish females of
C
.
velutina
from those of
C
.
venusta
, which are indicated in the “Diagnosis of
C
.
velutina
above.
Kessel & Buegler (1972)
considered four of the seven
paratypes
of
C
.
velutina
to be conspecific with their new species
C. liardia
(=
C
.
proxima
). An additional
paratype
of
C
.
velutina
was also discovered to be conspecific with
C
.
proxima
(see Remarks under
C
.
proxima
). These records have been added to the “Additional material examined of
C
.
proxima
.