New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review Author Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. text Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 2024 2024-08-09 64 1 104 https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 journal article 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 1807-0205 14705562 Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Family Trichotropidae Remarks: The family Trichotropidae has been recently considered synonymous with Capulidae ( e.g., Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 ; MolluscaBase, 2023). However, this contradicts the results of phylogenetic studies based on a phenotypic database ( Simone, 2002 , 2011), which show that Trichotropidae and Capulidae are distinct branches. Reuniting them would create a paraphyletic arrangement, so both families are maintained separately. Conversely, at the superfamily level, Capuloidea, Calyptraeoidea , Hipponicoidea, and Vanikoroidea are considered different taxa (MolluscaBase, 2023). However, the same published studies ( Simone, 2002 , 2011) demonstrate they are actually mixed in the same branch, supported by 27 ( Simone, 2002 ) or 21 ( Simone, 2011 ) synapomorphies.They are,thus, considered subdivisions of the same branch, simply named Calyptraeoidea .