New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review Author Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. text Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 2024 2024-08-09 64 1 104 https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 journal article 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 1807-0205 14705562 Cranopsis watsoni ( Dall, 1889 ) revalidated, new combination ( Fig. 4 H-K) Puncturella (Cranopsis) granulata : Watson, 1883: 31 Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896: 491 , 1897: 180 ; Farfante, 1947: 124-126 (pl. 54, figs. 4-7); Rios, 1975: 14 (pl. 2, fig. 14), 1985: 12-13 (pl. 6, fig. 43), 1994: 24 (pl. 6, fig. 47), 2009: 29 (fig. 55) (non Seguenza, 1863 ). Puncturella (Cranopsis) tuberculata Watson, 1883: 31 (invalid, see below). Puncturella watsoni Dall, 1889: 403-404 . Puncturella granulata : Poirier, 1954: 14 ; Abbott, 1974: 23 (sp. 79); Molluscabase, 2024 (non Seguenza, 1863 ). Cranopsis granulata : Simone & Cunha , 2014: 452-453 (non Seguenza, 1863 ). Type localities: Near Barbados ,100 fms. Sta. 20,220 fms .; off Bahia Honda , Cuba ; Off Yucatan , 200 fms. Focused to off Barbados , 100 fms by Farfante (1947) by lectotype designation. Puncturella tuberculata : Challenger sta. 24, north of Culebra Island ; 18°38′30″N 65°5′30″W , 390 fms, off St. Thomas , N of Culebra Island , Danish W. Indies , 390 fms . Remarks: The Atlantic Cranopsis watsoni has been considered synonymous with C. granulata . However, C. granulata was described by Seguenza (1863: 88) as a Miocene fossil from Messina, Italy . Despite age and geographic discrepancies, the Recent Atlantic specimens do not entirely match the original concept of the fossil C.granulata , particularly regarding the height of the shell, which was described as "poco elevata,″ or low. In contrast, existing species are notable for having a tall, elevated shell ( Fig. 4H, J ). Therefore, the most appropriate taxonomic procedure is to consider C. granulata solely as a Miocene fossil species from the Italian region, and the Recent Atlantic populations as a distinct taxonomic entity. Puncturella (Cranopsis) tuberculata Watson, 1883 should be an older name, but it was simply introduced as a synonym of P. granulata and was never mentioned again (Watson, 1883; MolluscaBase, 2024), rendering it a nomen nudum status and an unavailable name. The only available name for the Atlantic Recent species is Puncturella watsoni Dall, 1889 , which fully meets the taxonomic requirements to be considered the valid name. It supersedes the previous concept known as C. granulata . Since P. tuberculata , despite being invalid, was clearly associated with Recent material, it is evidently a synonym of C. granulata . The recent synonymy of the genus Cranopsis with Puncturella Lowe, 1827 ( Cunha et al., 2019 ; MolluscaBase, 2024) is not adopted here, as the differentiation between both genera is deemed consistent, as reported by Simone & Cunha (2014).