New species, misidentifications and problematic taxonomy of some Atlantic South American marine mollusks: a review Author Simone, Luiz Ricardo L. text Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 2024 2024-08-09 64 1 104 https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 journal article 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.031 1807-0205 14705562 Leucozonia nassa ( Gmelin, 1791 ) Murex nassa Gmelin, 1791: 3551 . Pleuroploca granulilabris Vermeij & Snyder, 2003 (new synonym). Leucozonia granulilabris : Snyder et al., 2012: 58; MolluscaBase, 2023. Type locality: Not stated. Pleuroploca granulilabris : off Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , 70 m . Remarks: L. nassa exhibits a remarkable geographic distribution, spanning marine coastal environments from North Carolina , USA , to Santa Catarina, Brazil , without any discernible gaps. It is also found in all oceanic islands. Due to its wide range, L. nassa displays several regional variants, leading to the detection of 14 nominal synonyms. This study proposes a 15 th synonym, Pleuroploca granulilabris . Leucozonia nassa has an interesting post-larval life cycle (personal observations), the post-larval life cycle begins in intertidal algae habitats when the shell size is only a few millimeters. As it grows, L. nassa transitions into an intertidal predator within the first few centimeters of shell development. Individuals exceeding ~ 4 cm in shell size venture into deeper, infratidal environments, and even venture out from the rocky or reef bottoms. Pleuroploca granulilabris is described based on an individual in this gerontic stage. Notably, in the original description of P.granulilabris , the authors did not provide a comparative analysis with L. nassa .