On Chilean Loxosceles (Araneae: Sicariidae): first description of the males of L. surca and L. coquimbo, new records of L. laeta and three remarkable new species from coastal deserts
Author
Brescovit, Antonio D.
Author
Taucare-Ríos, Andrés
Author
Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.
Author
Santos, Adalberto J.
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2017
2017-12-27
388
1
20
journal article
31100
10.5852/ejt.2017.388
d5b314e8-8740-4134-b113-03bfa693b3c0
1133570
102DD58C-6F71-495B-8A60-4CFAC10B01B4
Loxosceles laeta
(
Nicolet, 1849
)
Figs 1A
,
9A
,
10
Scytodes laeta
Nicolet, 1849
: 349
(
female
syntypes
from
Chile
, supposedly deposited in
MNHN
, probably lost)
.
Loxosceles laeta
–
Simon 1900
: 49. —
Gertsch 1967
: 147–152, pl. 6, figs 1–9, pl. 7, figs 1–5, 8–9 (full synonymy list). — World Spider Catalog 2017.
Diagnosis
Loxosceles laeta
could be confused in
Chile
only with the sympatric
L. surca
. It is easily distinguished from
L. surca
by the anterior border of the carapace not too hirsute, the male palp with tibia medially incrassate and four times longer than the cymbium (
Fig. 1A
). The female internal genitalia are very similar to those of
L. surca
, but can be recognized by the transverse enlargement at the base of the tubular receptacle, which is usually angled or produced into a distinct tubercle or short blind, finger-like projection (see
Gertsch 1967
: pl. 6, figs 3–4, 6–9).
Material examined
CHILE
. I
Región de Tarapacá
:
Tamarugal
,
1 ♀
,
Huara
,
Pisagua
,
19.6 S
,
70.21667 W
,
15 Nov. 1941
,
J. Bird
leg. (
AMNH
);
Iquique
,
2 ♀♀
,
Iquique city
,
20.21389 S
,
70.1525 W
,
May 2002
,
G. Arriagada
leg. (
MNHNCL
);
1 ♂
, ditto,
15 May 2010
,
A. Taucare-Ríos
leg. (
IBSP 167070
);
1 ♂
,
2 ♀♀
, ditto,
16 Jun. 2011
(
IBSP 167072
);
1 ♂
,
Altoda
,
Usmagama
,
19.743056 S
,
69.219722 W
,
3400 m
a.s.l.,
9 Feb. 1993
,
L.E. Peña
leg. (
AMNH
)
;
2 ♀♀
,
1 immature
(imm.),
Punta Patache
,
20.81067 S
,
70.18725 W
,
19 m
a.s.l.,
13 Jul. 2012
,
A.D. Brescovit
,
A.J. Santos
and
A. Taucare-Ríos
leg. (
IBSP 167064
);
3 ♀♀, 20 imms, Pisagua, Punta Picholo,
19.6
S
,
70.21667
W
,
Nov. 1941
,
J
. Bird leg. (AMNH); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 10 imms, ditto,
Nov. 1994
(AMNH);
Tamarugal
,
1 ♂
,
Huara
,
Quebrada Tarapacá
,
19.92333
S
,
69.50883
W
,
1416 m
a.s.l.,
11 Jul.
2012
,
A.D. Brescovit
,
A.J. Santos
and
A. Taucare-Ríos
leg. (
IBSP
167065
)
;
1 ♂
,
5 ♀♀
, 15 imms, Pozo Almonte, La Tirana, La Huayca, 20.43567
S
, 69.54533
W
,
990 m
a.s.l.,
10 Jul. 2012
,
A
.D. Brescovit,
A
.
J
. Santos and
A
. Taucare-Ríos leg. (IBSP 167057);
1 ♂
,
3 ♀♀
, 9 imms,
Pica
,
Canchones
,
Centro Experimental Canchones
, near
La Huayca
,
20.445 S
,
69.53383 W
,
982 m
a.s.l.,
10 Jul. 2012
,
A.D. Brescovit
,
A.J. Santos
and
A. Taucare-Ríos
leg. (
IBSP 167062
)
; 5 ♀♀, 9 imms,
Tarapacá
, Humberstone, 20.20581
S
,
69.79406
W
,
1983
,
E
.
A
. Maury leg. (
MACN
21477). –
II
Región de Antofagasta
:
Antofagasta
1 ♂
,
1 ♀
,
María Elena
,
21.91667 S
,
69.8 W
,
1938
(
AMNH
)
;
7 ♂♂
,
17 ♀♀
, 6 imms,
Antofagasta
,
23.65 S
,
70.4 W
,
1989
,
J. Vidal
leg. (
IBSP 4663
)
; 1 ♀, 1 imm., La Chimba, 23.52132
S
, 70.37787
W
,
268 m
a.s.l.,
15
Jul.
2012
,
A
.D. Brescovit,
A
.
J
. Santos and
A
. Taucare-Ríos leg. (IBSP 167067);
1 ♂
,
2 ♀♀
, 4 imms,
Vertedero Municipal
,
23.533 S
,
70.3833 W
,
100 m
a.s.l.,
15 Jul. 2012
,
A.D. Brescovit
,
A.J. Santos
and
A. Taucare-Ríos
leg. (
IBSP 167060
)
; 1 ♂, 8 imms, Mejillones, Mejillones, 23.105
S
,
70.46267
W
,
23 m
a.s.l., in garbage,
14
Jul.
2012
,
A
.D. Brescovit,
A
.
J
. Santos and
A
. Taucare-Ríos leg. (
IBSP
167055);
2 ♂♂
,
3 ♀♀
, 4 imms,
Taltal
,
25.283333 S
69.766667 W
,
24 Oct. 1985
,
G. Arriagada
leg. (
MHNS
)
; 3 ♀♀, 1 imm., Taltal,
5 km
from Taltal, 25.34698
S
, 70.44578
W
,
24 m
a.s.l., in a cave by the road,
17
Jul.
2012
,
A
.D. Brescovit,
A
.
J
. Santos and
A
. Taucare-Ríos leg. (
IBSP
167056); 6 ♀♀, Caleta Hueso, 25.39083
S
, 70.47361
W
,
28 Jan.
–
4
Feb.
1941
,
J
. Bird leg. (AMNH);
1 ♀
, 1 imm.,
Paposo
,
22.9 S
,
69.31667 W
,
2002
,
O
.
León
leg. (
MNHNCL
). – III
Región de Atacama
:
Chañaral
,
1
♀
, 3 imms,
Chañaral
,
26.35577 S
,
70.63795 W
,
12 m
a.s.l.,
17 Jul. 2012
,
A.D. Brescovit
,
A.J. Santos
and
A. Taucare-Ríos
leg. (
IBSP 167058
)
;
Copiapó,
1
♀
, 3 imms,
Atacama
,
Copiapó
,
Caleta Pajonales
,
27.73533 S
,
70.98895 W
,
141 m
a.s.l.,
10 Nov. 2013
,
A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (
IBSP 167079
)
;
2
♀♀
,
Caldera
,
Calderilla
,
27.0936 S
,
70.85217 W
,
25 m
a.s.l.,
10 Nov. 2013
,
A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (
IBSP 167087
)
; 2 ♀♀, 4 imms, Puerto Viejo, 27.33708
S
, 70.93197
W
,
85 m
a.s.l.,
10
Nov.
2013
,
A
.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167083);
Huasco,
1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 imms, Atacama, Caleta Chañaral de Aceituno, 29.0788
S
, 71.48782
W
,
18 m
a.s.l.,
11
Nov.
2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167075); 1 ♂, 3 imms, Carrizalillo, 29.10455 S, 71.40623 W,
124 m
a.s.l.,
11
Nov.
2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167081); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 5 imms, Vallenar,
27 km
W of Vallenar, 28.56667 S, 70.75 W,
105 m
a.s.l.,
7
Jan.
1985
, N. Platnick and O. Francke leg. (AMNH); 2 ♀♀ imms, El Tránsito, 28.8769 S, 70.2805 W,
1100
–
1600
m
a.s.l.,
25–
27
Oct.
1980
, L.E. Peña leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, 1 imm., Freirina, 28.5 S, 71.0667 W,
27–
28
Oct.
1980
, L.E. Peña leg. (AMNH). – IV Región de Coquimbo:
Choapa,
1 ♀, Coquimbo Canela Baja, 31.40575 S, 71.46003 W,
7
Nov.
2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167080); 1 ♀, Salamanca, La Jonquera, 31.76667 S, 70.96667 W,
19–
20
Jul.
1961
, D. Gonzalez leg. (AMNH);
Coquimbo,
2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 4 imms, Coquimbo, 29.95 S, 71.3334 W,
Mar. 2002
, H. Niemeyer leg. (MNHNCL);
Elqui,
Coquimbo, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 29.90778 S, 71.25417 W, no date, R. Wagenknecht leg. (MNRJ 58027); 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, 3 imms, La Higuera, Caleta Hornos, 29.62733 S, 71.28072 W,
8
Nov.
2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167082); 1 ♀, Chungungo, 29.4446 S, 71.30283 W,
34 m
a.s.l.,
11 Nov.
2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167085); 1 ♂, Valle del Elqui, Los Choros, 29.23333 S, 71.45 W,
6–9 Sep. 2007
, J. Pizarro-Arraya
et al.
leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, La Serena, Compania Baja, Llanos, 29.91667 S, 70.96667 W,
16
Jun. 2007
, A. Gonzales and Y. Laques leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, ditto (LEULS); 1 ♀, 1 imm., La Serena,
Colina El Pino
, 29.9 S, 70.2432 W,
13Apr. 2010
, Grupo 1 Lab. leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, ditto, 29.91135 S, 70.2432 W,
57 m
a.s.l.,
16 Aug. 2013
, M. Hurtado leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, ditto, 29.9 S, 71.25 W,
6 Aug. 1961
, A.F. Archer leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, La Serena, 29.9 S, 70.2432 W,
20 Jul. 2013
, P.A. Róten leg. (LEULS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 imms, Sector Parque Cori, 29.9 S, 71.23333 W,
12 May 2011
, P. Yera B. leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, Valle del Elqui, La Marqueza, 29.94158 S, 70.95792 W, in a farm, 2008, J. Pizarro-Arraya
et al.
leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, Vicuña, Diaguitas, 30.0166 S, 70.65 W, (LEULS); 2 ♀♀, ditto (LEULS); 3 ♀♀, 1 imm., ditto (LEULS); 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 4 imms, ditto (LEULS); 1 ♂, ditto,
1 Jan. 2006
(LEULS); 1 ♀, 3 imms, ditto (LEULS); 1 ♀, ditto,
13 Aug. 2004
(LEULS); 1 ♀, ditto,
18 Sep. 2006
(LEULS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ditto,
Jan. 2008
(LEULS); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ditto,
19 Sep. 2007
, L.S.C. and J.V. leg. (LEULS);
Limarí,
3 ♀♀, 5 imms, Combarbalá, La Ligua Baja, 31.0251 S, 71.04028 W,
7 Sep. 2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167076); 1 ♀, Ovalle, Camiño a Fray Jorge, 30.59622 S, 71.65365 W,
388 m
a.s.l.,
12 Nov. 2013
, A.D. Brescovit and I.L.F. Magalhaes leg. (IBSP 167084); 1 ♀, 2 imms, Ovalle, 30.58333 S, 71.2 W,
6 Aug. 2005
, P. Augusto leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, 8 imms, ditto, 30.56783 S, 71.18175 W,
337 m
a.s.l.,
8 Nov. 2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 167074). – RM, Región Metropolitana de Santiago:
Santiago
, 1 ♀, Santiago, Cerro Blanco, 33.41963 S, 70.63333 W,
Oct. 1961
, Franczinek leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, El Canelo, Cajón del Maipo, 33.63333 S, 70.35 W,
850 m
a.s.l.,
Nov. 1984
, L.E. Peña leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, 6 imms, Parque Quinta Normal, 33.44071 S, 70.6826 W, in a house,
May 1985
, O. León leg. (MNHNCL); 1 ♀, Quilicura, 33.36667 S, 70.75 W,
May 1979
, L. Peña leg. (AMNH); 2 ♀♀, ditto,
Oct. 1979
(AMNH); 1 ♂, Parque Quinta Normal, 33.44056 S, 70.6825 W, in house, behind a portrait,
May 2002
, O. León leg. (MNHNCL); 2 ♀♀, 2 imms, ditto, 33.45 S, 70.7 W, 1984, O. León leg. (MNHNCL); 1 ♀, ditto, 1985 (MNHNCL); 1 ♀, 1 imm., ditto (MNHNCL); 2 ♀♀, Renca, 33.38333 S, 70.7 W,
3 Oct 1983
, Trarrazaval leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, ditto, G. Mann leg. (AMNH); 2 ♀♀, ditto, 33.45 S, 70.66667 W, (AMNH); 2 ♀♀, 2 imms, ditto, 33.36667 S, 70.75 W (AMNH); 1 ♀, ditto, (AMNH); 1 ♂, ditto,
Oct. 1953
, M. Toro G. leg. (AMNH); 4 ♂♂, ditto (AMNH); 3 ♀♀, ditto (AMNH); 3 ♀♀, ditto (AMNH); 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 imm., ditto, 33.45 S, 70.7 W,
1 Oct. 2009
, T.H. Kawamoto leg. (IBSP 161391). – V Región de Valparaíso:
Marga Marga,
1 ♂, 1 imm., Olmué, Olmué, 32.99103 S, 71.17318 W, in a house,
31 Jan. 2013
, H. Wood and C. Griswold leg. (CAS 9053184; CAS 9053251);
Valparaíso,
1 ♀, Melipilla, Casablanca, 33.3 S, 71.38333 W,
Jan.–Mar. 1955
, E. Reed leg. (AMNH); 2 ♀♀, 1 imm., ditto, 33.31667 S, 71.41667 W, no date, G. Tobar leg. (MNRJ 632); 4 ♀♀, 2 imms, Quillota, Ocoa, Borda del Parque Nacional La Campana, 32.915 S, 71.09033 W,
355 m
a.s.l.,
23 Mar. 2013
, A.D. Brescovit
et al.
leg. (IBSP 163704); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 imms, Valparaíso, 32.88333 S, 71.26667 W,
Jan. 1979
, A. Tobar leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, 1 imm., ditto, 33.06306 S, 71.63333 W,
Feb. 1954
, E. Reed leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, Quintero, Valparaíso, Las Dunas, 32.93806 S, 71.55639 W,
11–12 May 1962
, Donoso and Archer leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, 1 imm., San Felipe, San Felipe, 32.706 S, 70.73733 W,
670 m
a.s.l.,
6 Apr. 2013
, A.D. Brescovit and I.L.F. Magalhães leg. (IBSP 163718); 1 ♀, Valparaíso, Cascabelles, 31.99045 S, 71.50905 W,
14 Nov. 2013
, A.D. Brescovit and I.L.F. Magalhaes leg. (IBSP 167088); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sector El Carretón, 32.11667 S, 71.26667 W,
26 Feb. 2006
, F. Perez leg. (LEULS); 1 ♀, Viña del Mar, 33.03333 S, 71.53333 W,
Jan. 1979
, A. Tobar leg. (AMNH); 1 ♀, ditto,
Feb. 1978
(AMNH); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 imms, ditto,
Feb. 1979
(AMNH); 4 ♀♀, 1 imm., ditto,
Apr. 1979
(AMNH); 1 ♂, ditto,
Jun. 1979
(AMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ditto,
Aug. 1978
(AMNH); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, ditto,
Oct. 1978
(AMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 imm., ditto,
Dec. 1978
(AMNH); 1 ♀, ditto,
27 Jul. 1965
(IBSP 1946). – VII Región del Maule:
Talca
,
1 ♀,
Talca
, 35.43306 S, 71.66667 W, in a house,
Sep.–Nov. 2003
, C. Muñoz leg. (CAS 9053262). – VIII Región del Bío-Bío:
Concepción,
1 ♀, Concepción, Campus Universidad de Concepción, 36.8275 S, 73.03889 W,
7 Dec. 1998
, J. Artigas leg. (UCCC); 1 ♀, ditto, 36.83333 S, 73.05 W,
29 Dec. 1995
(UCCC); 1 ♀, ditto, 36.8275 S, 73.03333 W,
12 Jan. 1986
, M. Marchant leg. (UCCC); 1 ♀, 3 imms, ditto,
20 Sep. 2004
, J. Artigas leg. (UCCC); 1 ♀, ditto,
3 Oct. 2004
(UCCC); 1 ♀, ditto,
6 Oct. 2004
(UCCC); 1 ♀, ditto, 36.83333 S, 73.05 W,
18 Feb. 2003
(UCCC); 1 ♂, ditto,
25 Mar. 1985
, S. Cekalovic leg. (AMNH). – IX Región de la Araucanía:
Cautín,
1 ♂, Temuco, Temuco, 38.75 S, 72.83333 W, no date, no collector (MNHNCL). – X Región de los Lagos:
Osorno
, 1 ♀, Osorno, Purranque, 40.91667 S, 73.16667 W,
Jan.–Mar. 1955
, E. Reed leg. (AMNH). – XIV Región de los Ríos:
Valdivia
,
1 imm.,
Valdivia, Valdivia
, 39.8 S, 73.23333 W,
Apr. 1985
, C. Arraigada leg. (MNHNCL). – XV Región de
Arica
y Parinacota:
Arica
,
2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, San Miguel de Azapa, 18.51722 S, 70.19194 W,
27 Jan. 1973
(AMNH); 1 ♀, 1 imm., Lluta River Valley, 18.41139 S, 70.31972 W, GuicMann leg. (AMNH); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Poconchile, 18.45083 S, 70.07017 W,
11 m
a.s.l.,
12 Jul. 2012
, A.D. Brescovit, A.J. Santos and A. Taucare- Ríos leg. (IBSP 167063); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Valle de Azapa,
3 km
S of San Miguel Azapa, 18.53417 S, 70.0 W,
24 Jan. 2014
, A. Taucare-Ríos leg. (IBSP 167069); 1 ♀, ditto (IBSP 167068); 1 imm., ditto, 18.51667 S, 70.18333 W, urban area,
27 May 1980
, N. Hidrino leg. (UCCC); 1 ♂, ditto,
28 Dec. 1988
, B. Roth leg. (CAS 9057745); 2 ♀♀, ditto, 18.475 S, 70.31444 W,
27 Feb. 1986
(UCCC); 2 imms, ditto, 18.51667 S, 70.18333 W, 1980, J. Artigas leg. (UCCC); 1 imm., ditto,
21 May 1980
, N. Hidrino leg. (UCCC); 1 imm., ditto,
26 Feb. 1980
(UCCC); 1 ♂, ditto (UCCC); 2 imms, ditto, 18.51722 S, 70.17611 W,
22 May 1980
, Nelson leg. (UCCC); 1 imm., ditto, in a house,
27 May 1980
, J. Artigas leg. (UCCC); 1 ♀, ditto, W,
1 Apr. 1980
, Nelson leg. (UCCC); 1 imm., ditto, in a house,
1 Apr. 1980
(UCCC); 1 imm., ditto,
27 Feb. 1980
, N. Hidrino leg. (UCCC); 1 ♀, Camarones, Taltape, Camarones Valley, 19.145 S, 70.17306 W,
29 Jan. 1973
(AMNH);
Arica
,
1 ♂, 2 ♀♀,
Arica
,
3 km
S of San Miguel de Azapa, 18.53417 S, 70.0 W,
24 Jan. 2014
, A. Taucare-Ríos leg. (IBSP); 1 ♀, ditto,
24 Jan. 2015
(IBSP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 12 imms, Valle de Azapa, 18.475 S, 70.31444 W,
800 m
a.s.l.,
29–31 Jan. 1992
, L.E. Peña leg. (AMNH);
Parinacota,
4 ♀♀, 1 imm., Putre,
100 km
E of Zapahuira, 18.35333 S, 69.61833 W, 2003, A.A. Ojanguren Affilastro leg. (MACN 21408); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Putre, Zapahuira, 18.26667 S, 69.0 W,
30 Oct. 2011
, A. Taucare-Ríos leg. (IBSP XXX); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ticnamar, 18.58167 S, 69.49444 W,
3200 m
a.s.l.,
Mar. 1983
, H. Niemeyer leg. (MNHNCL);
Tarapacá,
1 ♂, 2 ♀♀,
Arica, Valle
del Río Lluta, 18.41056 S, 70.11889 W,
2 Feb. 1992
, L.E. Peña leg. (AMNH). 1 ♀, no further data (MACN 21477); 1 ♀, ditto (MNRJ 14601); 4 ♀♀, ditto (IBSP 34949); 1 ♀, ditto (MNRJ 2304).
Fig. 1.
Male palps, prolateral.
A
.
Loxosceles laeta
(Nicolet, 1849)
, ♂, Antofagasta, Antofagasta (IBSP 4663).
B–D
.
Loxosceles surca
Gertsch, 1967
.
B
. ♂, Chusmiza, Huara, Tamarugal, Tarapacá (AMNH).
C
. Same, bulb, prolateral.
D
. Same, palp, prolateral. Scale bars A–B = 1 mm.
Description
Male and female
Described by
Gertsch (1967)
.
Distribution
Widespread in
Chile
, in all Regions fromArica y Parinacota to
Los Lagos
, except Regions VI (
O’Higgins
), XI (
Aisén
) and XII (
Magallanes
) (
Fig. 10
). For records from other countries, see
Gertsch (1967)
.